大学英语四级作文辅导文档格式.docx
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3.单词拼写
第二节论说文写作模板
我们把论说文大致分为五个类型,即对立观点型、道理论证型、问题解决型、解释说明型和谚语型。
一、对立观点型
●对立观点型论说文,指就某一事物或现象给出两种对立的观点,将两种观点进行比较,然后表明自己的立场和看法。
●这类作文的框架相对较固定,三段分别能够这样展开:
●第一段:
引出有争议的两个观点;
●第二段:
对两个观点分别进行详细的论述
●第三段:
总结、陈述自己的观点
例:
ShouldtheUniversityCampusBeOpentoTourists?
Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledShouldtheUniversityCampusBeOpentoTourists?
Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegiveninChinesebelow:
1)名校校园正成为旅游新热点;
2)校园是否应对游客开放,人们看法不同;
3)我认为……
模板
第一段:
Nowadays,thereisanincreasinginterestin.(点明新热点)Therefore,thereisahotdebateover.(切入话题)
第二段:
Somepeopleareinfavoroftheideaof.(概述一方观点)
Theybelievethat.(详述理由一)
Theyalsoarguethat.(详述理由二)
However,otherpeoplestandonadifferentground.(慨述另一方观点
Theyconsider.(详述理由一)
What’smore,theyfirmlypointoutthat.(详述理由二)
第三段:
Thereissometruthinbotharguments.(双方各有道理)
ButIthinktheadvantagesofoverweighthedisadvantages.(可是利大于弊)
Inmyopinion,.(总结自己的观点)
范文ShouldtheUniversityCampusBeOpentoTourists?
Nowadays,thereisanincreasinginterestinvisitingcampusesoffamousuniversities.Therefore,ahotdebatearisesoverwhethertheuniversitycampusshouldbeopentotourists.
Somepeopleareinfavoroftheideaofopeningittothepublic.Theybelievethattheatmosphereoffamousuniversitiescanmotivatestudentvisitorstoseekmoreknowledge.Theyalsoarguethatasmoretouristscometovisit,theseuniversitiescanmakethemselvesknowntomorepeople.However,otherpeopleholdanoppositeviewpoint.Theyconsiderthatwithtouristspouringintocampuses,thebeautyofthecampuswillberuined.What’smore,theyfirmlypointoutthatthenormalteachingactivitieswillbedisturbed.
Thereissometruthinbotharguments.ButIthinktheadvantagesofopeningthemoutweighthedisadvantage.Inmyopinion,universitycampusesshouldbeopentotourists.
例:
IsaTestofSpokenEnglishNecessary?
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicIsaTestofSpokenEnglishNecessary?
Thefirstsentencehasalreadybeenwrittenforyou.Youshouldwriteatleast100wordsandbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegiveninChinesebelow:
1)很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试,理由是……
2)也有人持不同意见……
3)我的看法和打算。
AtestofspokenEnglishwillbeincludedasanoptionalcomponentoftheCollegeEnglishTest.
模板IsaTestofSpokenEnglishNecessary?
AtestofspokenEnglishwillbeincludedasanoptionalcomponentoftheCollegeEnglishTest.(首句已给出)Butastotheviewof,therearesomecontroversiesamongpeople.(提出问题)
第二段:
Manypeopleholdthat.(概述一方观点)
Inthefirstplace,.(详述理由一)
Inthesecondplace,.(详述理由二)
Somepeople,however,takeadifferentattitude.(转折,承上启下)
Theyconsider.(概述另一方观点)
Therearetworeasonsforthis.(引出原因)
Oneisthat.(详述理由一)
Theotheristhat.(详述理由二)
第三段:
Asforme,.(阐述自己的观点)
SoI.(得出结论)
范文IsaTestofSpokenEnglishNecessary?
AtestofspokenEnglishwillbeincludedasanoptionalcomponentoftheCollegeEnglishTest.ButastotheviewofwhetheratestofspokenEnglishisnecessary,therearesomecontroversiesamongpeople.
ManypeopleholdthatitisabsolutelynecessarytoholdatestofspokenEnglishinChina.Inthefirstplace,atestofspokenEnglishwillmakecollegestudentsbecomemoreawareoftheimportanceofspokenEnglish.Inthesecondplace,suchatestwillhelpthemwiththeircommunicationskills.Somepeople,however,takeadifferentattitude.Theyconsideritisunnecessarytoholdthistest.Therearetworeasonsforthis.OneisthatgoodreadingandwritingskillswouldbeenoughfortheaverageEnglishlearners.Theotheristhatcollegestudentsarealreadyunderconsiderablepressurefromtheircoursesandanotherrequiredtestwillonlyaddtotheirburden.
Asforme,IamundoubtedlyforthetestbecausetheabilitytospeakEnglishfluentlyisamustforanyonewhowantstosurpassothersinahighlycompetitivesociety.SoIbelievethatatestofspokenEnglishwilldomoregoodthenharm.
二、道理论证型
●道理论证型论说文是对某一事物或现象进行分析和论证。
它与对立观点型论说文的最大区别在于前者一般是就某一个明确的观点进行分析和论证,而后者针对两个对立的观点进行对比论证,由作者在最后表明自己的立场。
●道理论证型论说文一般按下列框架展开:
开篇引出题目要求评论的观点,并给出不同看法;
详细阐述这些看法的立足理由及其优劣之处;
总结并给出自己的看法。
ItPaystoBeHonest
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicItPaystoBeHonest.Youshouldwriteatleast100wordsaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:
1)当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象;
2)诚实利人利己,做人应该诚实。
Itistruethat.(指出普遍的观点)
However,.(叙述不同的观点)
Ithink.(提出自己的观点,即文章的论点)
Thereasoncanbelistedasfollows.(开始论证)
Firstly,.(论证理由一)
Secondly,.(论证理由二)
Forexample,.(举例)
Thirdly,.(论证理由三)
Acaseinpointisthat.(举例)
Itgoeswithoutsayingthat(不用说).(指出执行该观点的注意事项)
Inconclusion,.(总结全文)
范文ItPaystoBeHonest
Itistruethatmostofusvaluehonestyhighly.However,nowadaysweoftenconfrontcrisesofconfidencesuchascheating,overcharging,fakecommoditiesandsoon.
Ithinkthatweshouldbehonest.Thereasonscanbelistedasfollows.Firstly,onlyhonestpeoplecanbetrulyrespectedbyothersoveralongperiodoftime.Secondly,honesty,asatraditionalvirtueofChinesepeople,canmakeourlifeeasierandmoreharmonious.Forexample,iffewerstudentscheatedinexams,examswouldbemademuchsimpler.Thirdly,honestycanmakeoursocietymorestable.AcaseinpointisthatSingapore,asocietyfeaturingtrustandintegrity,hasacomparativelylowcrimerate.
Itgoeswithoutsayingthatbeinghonestisofgreatbenefittoboththecommunityandindividuals.Inconclusion,honestyshouldbeencouragedinoursociety.
三、问题解决型
●问题解决型论说文立意在“How”,以“方法”、“途径”、“怎么办”为文章的核心,主要遵循“提出问题——分析原因——提出解决办法”的模式。
●最典型的问题解决型命题一般以“How”开头,如:
HowtoSucceedinaJobInterview?
(1月),HowIFinanceMyCollegeEducation(1月)。
另外,考生从给出提纲中出现的词“该怎么办”也能够推断其属于问题解决型。
问题解决型作文的一般框架是:
引言,对现状、形势或困难进行描述,提出问题;
途径与方法,列举做某事的途径或解决问题的各种方法;
评价或选择,对第二段中提及的途径和方法进行简要评价,或选取其中一、两种自己认为合适的,阐述其依据。
HowtoSucceedinaJobInterview?
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicHowtoSucceedinaJobInterview?
Youshouldwriteatleast100wordsandbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegiveninChinesebelow:
1)面试在求职过程中的作用;
2)取得面试成功的因素:
仪表、举止谈吐、能力、专业知识、自信、实事求是……
.(铺垫,提出问题)
Ontheonehand,.(理由一)
Ontheotherhand,.(理由二)
Therefore,howtoisworthpayingattentionto.(承上启下,提出要解决的问题)
Firstly,.(办法一)
Secondly,.(办法二)
Forexample,.(举例说明办法二)
Thirdly,.(办法三)
Inthisway,.(预期结果)
Inbrief,.(总结全文)
范文HowtosucceedinaJobInterview?
Withthedevelopmentofthejobmarket,interviewsplayanimportantroleinjob-hunting.Ontheonehand,ajobinterviewoffersbothintervieweesandinterviewersachancetoknoweachotherwithinquiteashorttime.Ontheotherhand,excellentperformanceinaninterviewwillenabletheintervieweestomakeagoodimpressionupontheinterviewerandfinallygetthejob.
Therefore,howtosucceedinjobinterviewisworthpayingattentionto.Firstly,intervieweesshouldhavesomeknowledgeaboutthecompanyandthepositiontheyapplyfor.Secondly,intervieweesshouldhaveself-confidence.Forexample,beingtoomodestisnotwelcometomosthumanresourcesprofessionals.Thirdly,intervieweesshoulddressneatlyandproperly.Inthisway,intervieweescouldshowthattheyattachvitalimportancetothejob.
Inbrief,iftheintervieweetakestheadviceandmakesbetterpreparations,heismorelikelytobeemployed.
HowIFinanceMyCollegeEducation
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicHowIFinanceMyCollegeEducation.Youshouldwriteatleast100wordsandbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegiveninChinesebelow:
1)上大学的费用(tuitionandfees)能够经过多种途径解决;
2)哪种途径适合于我(说明理由)。
模板
Currently,.(引出话题)
Thushowtohasbecomeamatterofconcern.(提出问题)
Thesefollowingchannelsarepossible.(阐述能解决问题的办法)
AsfarasIamconcerned, .(简述自己是如何解决问题的)
Ontheonehand, .(一方面)
Moreover, .(进一步阐述)
Anyway, .(总结)
Ontheotherhand, .(另一方面)
Inviewofthis, .(得出结论)
范文HowIFinanceMyCollegeEducation
Currently,tuitionandfeesforcollegestudentsaremuchhigherthaneverbefore.Thushowtofinancethecollegeeducationhasbecomeamatterofconcern.Thesefollowingchannelsarepossibleforstudentstoraisethemoney:
receivinghelpfromtheirparents,loaningfromthebankormakingmoneybypart-timejobs.
AsfarasIamconcerned,Igetthemajorityofmytuitionfrommyparentsandtherestbytakingpart-timejobsinmysparetime.Ontheonehand,myparentsarewell-offenoughtoaffordmyeducationalexpenses.Moreover,myparentsbelievetheirfinancialsupportenablesmetofocusonmystudy.Anyway,theirinvestmentisrewardinginthelongterm.Ontheotherhand,collegelifeisthebeginningofmynewlifeafterall,andworkingpart-timeopensmyeyestothesocietyoutsidethecampus.
Inviewofthis,earningsomemoneytopayforeducationwithmyownhandsnotonlyhelpstorelievemyparentsoftheirfinancialburdenbutalsobroadensmyview.
四、解释说明型
●解释说明型论说文是对事物的发生、发展、结果、特征、状态、功能等进行介绍、阐述、解释的一种论说文类型。
它的适用范围很广,无论是日常生活、工作学习或学术研究,人们都不可避免地要以各种方式来解释、说明、分析事物。
OnStudentsSelectingLectures(6月)
Forthispart