《雾都孤儿》中的纯洁品质Word下载.docx

《雾都孤儿》中的纯洁品质Word下载.docx

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1.1BriefintroductionofCharlesDickens

CharlesDickenswasbornon7February1812,atMileEndTerraceintheespeciallysigncant,a‘lucky’dayfornewbeginnings.Hisparents,JohnandElizabeth,wereayoung,lively,easy-goingcouplewhohadmovedtotheareaontheirmarriageinJune1809,tobenearthedockswhereJohnwasemployedasaclerkintheNavyPayOffice.TheyalreadyhadadaughterbeforeDickenswasborn.

InDickensearlychildhood,helivedarichandhappylife.Likemanychildren,five-year-oldDickensreceivedhisfirstlessonsfromhismother.Andthenhealsoreceivedaneducationfromaprivateschool.However,hisparentshadneverrestrictedtheirfinanceandtheyoftenhostedlargeparties.Bytheendof1823thefamilyfinanceswereinadesperatestate.Hehadtotaketheresponsibilityoftheheavyhouseworkathis11.WhenDickenswas12,heandhisfamilyweresenttoprisonbecauseofthedebt.Hespentsometimesinthefactoryasalaboringchild.Thehorrificconditionsinthefactoryhauntedhimfortherestofhislife,sodidtheexperienceofthetemporaryorphanhood.

Afterinheritingsomemoney,Dickens’sfathergotoutofprisonandDickensreturnedtoschool.Athis15,heworkedattheLawofficeasanapprentice,andthenaClerkAssistantandalsoaCourtRecorders.Athisbeginningof20,hewasstaringtobeareporterinnewspaperoffice.In1836,acollectionentitledSketchesbyBozearnedhimrecognitionasawriter.AndDickensbecamemorefamousbecauseofhisfirstnovelThePickwickPaperspublishedinthesameyear.

In1836,DickensandCatherineHogarthgotmarry,butafter20yearsofmarriageandtenchildren,DickensfellinlovewithEllenTernan,whowasanactress.Soonafter,Dickensandhiswifeseparated,endingalongseriesofmaritaldifficulties.

Dickensremainedaprolificwritertotheendofhislife,andhisnovel,amongthemOliverTwist,GreatExpectation,ATaleofTwoCity,AChristmasCarol,DavidCopperfield,andBleakHouse,continuedtoearncriticalandpopularacclaim.

1.2CharlesDickens’sOliverTwist

In1837,thefirstinstallmentofOliverTwistappearedinthemagazineBentleyMiscellany,whichDickenswasthenediting.

ThemainrolewasaboycalledOliverTwist.Hewasborninaworkhousein1830sEngland.Hismother,whosenamenooneknew,wasfoundonthestreetanddiesjustafterOliver’sbirth.Oliverspentthefirstnoneyearsofhislifeinabadlyrunhomeforyoungorphansandthenwastransferredtoaworkhouseforadults.AnyonecouldbullyOliver,includingotherboysintheworkhouseandchurchman.

Afterexperiencingtheapprenticelife,andthehardescape,Oliverwasstillinvolvedinthedenofthieves,actingincollusionwiththecriminalandlivingaverysorrowfultime.Withthehelpofthekind-heartedpeople,likeNancy,RoseMaylieandherfamilyandsoon,Oliverfoundouthisrelationsandreceivedahappylifefinally.

ThepassionbehindOliverTwist,animatedinpartbyDickens’sownchildhoodexperiencesandinthepartbyhisoutrageatthelivingconditionsofthepoorthathehadwitnessedasajournalist,touchedhiscontemporaryreaders.

1.3SocialEnvironment1

Withgreatsuccess,OliverTwistwasathinlyveiledprotestagainstthePoorLawof1834,whichdictatedthatallpubliccharitymustbechanneledthroughworkhouse.

Englandinthe1830swasrapidlyundergoingatransformationfromagriculture,ruraleconomytoanurban,industrialnation.Thegrowingmiddleclasshadachievedaneconomicinfluenceequalto,ifnotgreaterthan,thatoftheBritisharistocracy.Meanwhile,themiddleclassaskedfortheshareofpoliticalpowerwiththelandedgentry.Andthisclaimbroughtaboutarestrictionofthevotingsystem.ThedesiregainingsociallegitimacyofthemiddleclassgaverisetotheEvangelicalreligiousmovementandinspiredsweepingeconomicandpoliticalchange.

InEnglish,thehighclasswasthe‘gentleclass’,andtheydidnotneedtoworkforhisliving.Yetthemiddleclasshadtoworktoearnhiswealth.Sotheypromotedworkasamoralvirtuetoalleviatethestigma.Asaresult,themoralvalueattachedtowork,alongwiththemiddleclass’sinsecurityaboutitsownsociallegitimacy,ledEnglishsocietytosubjectthepoortohatredandcruel.Manymembersofmiddleclasswereeagertoseparatethemfromthelowerclassandoneofthewaystodothiswastodefamethelowerclassaslazyandgood-for-notingperson.

InVictoriansociety,peopleregardedthesuccessineconomicasasign,thatistosay,Godfavoredthehonest,moralvirtueofthesuccessfulindividual’sefforts,and,thus,interpretedtheconditionofpovertyasasignoftheweaknessofthepoorindividual.

2.TheanalysisoftheMajorroles

2.1OliverTwist

2.1.1ThebriefintroductionofOliver

Asthechildheroofamelodramaticnovelofsocialprotest,OliverTwistwasmeanttoappealmoretooursentimentsthanourliterarysensibilities.Borninaworkhousein1830sEngland,heseemedtobeatragedysincethefirstday.Nooneknewwhohismotherwas,andnooneknewwherehewasfrom.Hehadtobesenttotheworkhouse,livingahardtime.Evenwhenheescapedfromthehell,hewasinvolvedinanotherhell.MeetingwithbadevilFaginmadehimbecomeathief,whileNancy,TheMaylieandMr.Brownlolethimknowthattherewerestillbenignpersonintheworld.Attheend,hedidnotlosehimself.Hekeptpurityeventhoughhewasinthedarkness.

2.1.2ThepersonalityofOliver

Althoughhewasraisedincorruptsurrounding,hispurityandvirtuewereabsolute.OliverwasshockedandhorrifiedwhenhesawtheArtfulDodgerandCharleyBatespickedastranger’spocketandagainwhenhewasforcedtoparticipateinaburglary.Thus,Oliverwasnotborntobeathief.Onthecontrary,hewasjustacommonandhonestchild.

Moreover,Oliverwasamoralpersonandheknewhowtoexpresshisgratitudetopeoplewhogavehimhelpbefore.Also,hewasfullofthesenseofself-respect.WhenNoahhumiliatedhismother,hebecamenolongergentleandweak,takingNoahbythearmandjerkedNoahroundbrutally.

2.2.Nancy

2.2.1ThebriefintroductionofNancy

AyoungprostituteandoneofFagin’sformerchildpick-pockets,NancywasalsoBillSike’slover.HerloveforSikesandhersenseofmoraldecencycameintoconflictwhenSikesabusedOliver.Despitehercriminallifestyle,shewasamongthenoblestcharactersinthenovel.Ineffect,shegaveherlifeforOliverwhenSikesmurderedherforrevealingMonk’splots.

2.2.2ThepersonalityofNancy

Asachildofthestreets,Nancyhadbeenathiefanddrinkstoexcess.“Freeandagreeable…manners…”2indicatedthatshewasaprostituteandindulgence.Infact,thepersonalityofNancywascomplicated.ShewasdifferentfromOliverorMr.Brownlow,whoactedaskind-heartedpersonsanddidnotknowwhatwasevil.AndshewasalsodifferentfromFagin,andSikeswhowereallevilcouldbarelycomprehendgoodness.OnlyNancycomprehendedandwascapableofbothgoodandevil.

2.3RoseMaylie

2.3.1ThebriefintroductionofRoseMaylie

AgnesFleming’ssister,raisedbyMrs.MaylieafterthedeathofRose’sfather.Abeautiful,compassionate,andforgivingyoungwoman,Rosewasthenovel’smodeloffemalevirtue.SheestablishedalovingrelationshipwithOliverevenbeforeitwasrevealedthatthetwowererelated.

2.3.2ThepersonalityofRoseMaylie.

Rosewasayoungladyofsympathyandperfectchastity.Sherepresentsallthepuritythatcomesfromgoodbreeding.

3.Thepurityinthedarknessofthemajorroles.

3.1ThepurityofOliver.

Oliverwasthemajorroleinthenovel.Hewasanorphanborninaworkhouse,livinginaperiodofthefirststageofthecapitalism,whichwereimpoverished,selfish,andworldly.Althoughtherewasfullofdarkness,Oliverstillstoodbythebrightness,keepinghispurity.

Whenthefirsttimehecametothatworld,Oliver,likeotherchildrenintheworkhouse,hadbeenridiculed,andnobodycaredabouthim.Whileintheparish,Oliverhadalwaysbeenfloggedandbullied.Atthesametime,heoftenreceivedtheopportunitytostarve.Attheageof9,hebecameanapprentice,continuingtosuffer.

ItseemedthatOliverwasintheworstsurroundingandhewasthepoorguyintheworld.Hewouldbetheevilbecauseofbeinginfluencebythatsituation.EvenMr.BumbleandtheotherworkhouseofficialsinsistedonportrayingOliverasanungrateful,immoralpauper.However,hedidnotandhewasnot.

“Inaninstantthewholemysteryofthehandkerchiefs,andthewatches,andthejewels,andtheJew,rushedupontheboy’smind.Hestood,foramoment,withthebloodsotinglingthroughallhisveinsfromterror,whichhefeltasifhewereinaburningfire…”OliverwatchedwithhorrorasCharleyandtheDodgersneakedupbehindthemanandstolenhishandkerchiefforthefirsttimewhenhewasinvolvedinthedenofthieves.Allofhisbodywasfulloffear.

ForOliver,helivedintheworkhousesincehewasachild.Heshouldhaveknown‘SurvivaloftheFittest’;

heshouldhavebeenacunningpersontoprotecthimself;

heshouldnotbefrightened.But,asamatteroffact,hewasjustanaivechildandheknewstealingwasfaultybehavior.Andasweallknow,Faginwasaconnivingcareercriminal,takinginhomelesschildrenandtrainingthemtopickpocketsforthem.CharleyandDodgerweretheexamplesofhis‘product’.Bothofthemwereskillfulthieves.Also,itstatedthatalthoughtheywerethieves,theydidnotneedtostarveaslongastheyfollowedFaginandwerehishelpers.Thus,Olivercouldbethemembersoftheirs.But,everynowandthen,Oliverwantedtoescapeandhewasnotusedtoth