全中考英语长难句分析详解含译文Word格式文档下载.docx
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1.Manytimesthegreatestheroesarethepeople;
2.(who)wedealwitheveryday;
who指代的是people,在定语从句中做宾语,可以省略;
3.relatives(亲戚),friends,andneighbors;
是thepeople的同位语;
4.whowillkeepgoing;
who指代的是people;
5.whenitiseasiertogiveup;
四、参考译文:
我们都需要英雄。
我们需要敬重那些做过事情、已经成功的先行者们。
很多时候,最伟大的英雄们是我们每天打交道的人—我们的亲戚、朋友、邻居。
在放弃比较容易的时候,他们继续前行。
Firstofall,studentsneedtorealizethatconflictisunavoidable.Areportonviolenceamongmiddleschoolstudentsshowsthatmostviolencebetweenstudentsbeginwithsmallthings.Forexample,afightcouldstartoverthefactthatonestudenteatsapeanutbuttersandwicheachlunchtime.Laughteroverthesandwichcanthenleadtoafight.Theproblemisn’tinthesandwich,butinthewaystudentsdealwiththeconflict.
词汇突破:
1.realize意识到;
2.conflict矛盾,冲突;
3.unavoidable不可避免的;
avoid避免;
4.violence暴力;
5.between在……之间;
6.beginwith以……开始;
7.fight打架;
8.peanutbuttersandwich花生酱三明治;
9.laughter笑、笑声;
10.leadto导致,引起;
11.dealwith处理;
拆分句子1:
Areportonviolenceamongmiddleschoolstudentsshowsthatmostviolencebetweenstudentsbeginwithsmallthings.
1.Areport(onviolence)(amongmiddleschoolstudents)showsthat…;
括号中为修饰成分,可以删除;
2.mostviolence(betweenstudents)beginwithsmallthings;
拆分句子2:
Theproblemisn’tinthesandwich,butinthewaystudentsdealwiththeconflict.
1.Theproblemisn’tinthesandwich;
2.but(theproblemis)intheway;
3.studentsdealwiththeconflict(intheway);
这是一个定语从句,way表示“方法,方式”时,后面的定语从句可以不用关系词。
参考译文:
首先,学生们需要明白:
冲突是不可避免的。
一项研究中学生暴力的报道显示,大多数学生间的暴力以小事儿开始。
比如,打架可能是这样开始的:
一个学生每次午饭时间都吃花生酱三明治。
对三明治的嬉笑可能引起大家。
问题不在三明治,而在学生们处理冲突的方式。
一、IfyoulookthroughtheSuruireserve(保护区)withGoogleEarth,youwillseeagreenareainthemiddleofyellowsurroundings.Once,thePaiter-Suruitribe(部落)livedintheheartoftheAmazonrainforestinBrazil.ButafterthetribemetwithWesternersyearsago,theynearlydisappeared:
diseasesbroughtbyoutsidersreducedtheSurui’snumbersfrom5,000toabout250.
1.lookthrough浏览;
2.inthemiddleof在……中间;
3.surroundings环境;
4.intheheartof在……中央;
=inthemiddleof;
5.rainforest热点雨林;
6.tribe部落;
7.meetwith遇见;
8.Westerner西方人;
由west变化而来;
9.nearly几乎;
10.disappear消失;
反义词是appear(出现);
11.disease疾病;
12.outsider外来者,外人;
12.reduce减少,降低;
13.from…to从……到;
ButafterthetribemetwithWesternersyearsago,theynearlydisappeared:
1.ButafterthetribemetwithWesternersyearsago;
2.theynearlydisappeared;
3.diseasesreducedtheSurui’snumbersfrom5,000toabout250;
4.(diseaseswere)broughtbyoutsiders;
如果你用谷歌地球浏览Surui保护区,你会在黄色的环境中间看到一片绿色区域。
曾经Paiter-Surui部落住在巴西热带雨林中央区域。
但是,在多年前这个部落遇见了西方人,他们几乎消失了:
外来者带来的疾病使Surui的人口从5000减少到大约250人。
一、Somescientistsnowcomeupwiththeideathatdepressionmighthavehadanevolutionaryadvantageinthedaysbeforemodernmedicineandantibiotics(抗生素).Infectionwasamajorcauseofdeathinearlyhumanhistory.Survivingthoseinfectionsdeterminedwhichgeneswerepassedtothenextgeneration.
1.scientist科学家;
2.comeupwith提出,想出;
3.depression抑郁症;
4.evolutionary进化的;
由名词evolution变化而来;
5.advantage优势;
6.modernmedicine现代医学;
7.infection感染,传染;
8.majorcause主要原因;
9.death死亡;
die的名词形式;
10.humanhistory人类历史;
11.survive活下来,幸存;
12.determine决定;
13.gene基因;
14.thenextgeneration下一代;
Somescientistsnowcomeupwiththeideathatdepressionmighthavehadanevolutionaryadvantageinthedaysbeforemodernmedicineandantibiotics(抗生素).
1.Somescientistsnowcomeupwiththeidea;
2.depressionmighthavehadanevolutionaryadvantage;
3.inthedaysbeforemodernmedicineandantibiotics(抗生素);
现在,一些科学家提出这种观点:
在现代医学和抗生素出现之前,抑郁症可能有进化上的优势。
早期人类历史上,感染是死亡的主要原因。
在感染中存活先来决定了哪种基因能够被遗传给下一代。
Theydoubtthatdepressionhelpedpeople,especiallychildren,stayalivefrominfection.Extremetirednessleadstoinactivityandlesssocialcontactwhichhelpskeepinfectionfromspreading.Havingnoappetitehelpsavoidfoodsharingwhichcanalsospreadinfection.Sleeplessness,whichisassociatedwithbothdepressionandimmunesystemactivation,mayhavebeenamechanismtokeepapersonalert(机警)tofightoffenemiesafterinjury.
1.doubt怀疑;
2.especially特别,尤其;
3.stayalive活着;
4.extreme极度的;
5.tiredness疲劳,疲倦;
形容词是tired;
6.leadto引起,导致;
7.inactivity不活动;
8.socialcontact社会交往;
9.keep…fromdoing阻止……做;
10.spread传播;
11.appetite胃口,食欲;
12.avoid防止,避免;
13.sleeplessness失眠;
由sleep+less+ness变化而来;
14.isassociatedwith与……有关;
15.immunesystemactivation免疫系统激活;
16.mechanism原理,机制;
17.fightoffenemies击退敌人;
18.afterinjury受伤后;
拆分句子:
Sleeplessness,whichisassociatedwithbothdepressionandimmunesystemactivation,mayhavebeenamechanismtokeepapersonalert(机警)tofightoffenemiesafterinjury.
1.Sleeplessnessmayhavebeenamechanism;
2.whichisassociatedwithbothdepressionandimmunesystemactivation;
which代替的是mechanism;
3.tokeepapersonalert(机警);
todo用来修饰mechanism,属于定语;
4.tofightoffenemiesafterinjury;
todo用来修饰keepapersonalert,属于状语;
他们怀疑,抑郁症帮助人、尤其是孩子在感染中活下来。
极度劳累导致不活动和更少的社交活动,这有助于阻止感染扩散。
没有胃口有助于避免扩散感染的食物分享。
失眠,和抑郁症、免疫系统结合都有关系,过去可能是一种让人们受伤后保持机警击退敌人的机制。