新人教版版高三一轮Astronomythescienceofthestars教学案必修英语Word下载.docx
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单句语法填空
1Someboysaretoocrazyaboutplayinggamesonthecomputer,whichisvery________(harm)totheirhealth.
2Thesedays,breakingtrafficrulesandlitteringarenotuncommon,causingseriousharm__________theenvironment.
3Ifyouwanttosolvetheprobleminthisway,thereisnoharm________callinghim.
[答案] 1harmful 2to 3in
2.existvi.存在;
生存
[教材原句] Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.
它们也下蛋,在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。
(1)existin存在于……之中
existon靠……为生
Thereexists...某地有……;
存在……
(2)existencen.存在;
comeintoexistence产生;
成立;
开始存在
(3)existingadj.现存的;
现行的
1Thetwosideshavereachedapartialagreement,butthereisadifferencestill________(exist)betweenthem.
2Nooneknowswhensuchacustomfirstcameinto________(exist).
3Hefindsithardtoexist________themoneyhe'
searning.
4Thecustomofarrangedmarriagesstillexists________manycountries.
[答案] 1existing 2existence 3on 4in
[知识顾问] exist为不及物动词,没有被动语态,也不用于进行时态。
3.puzzlevt.&
vi.(使)迷惑;
(使)为难 n.谜;
难题;
(游戏的)猜谜
[教材原句] Howlifebeganonearthisoneofthebiggestpuzzlesthatscientistsfoundhardtosolve.
地球上生命如何起源是科学家们觉得很难解决的最大的难题之一。
(1)inapuzzle感到困惑;
不知如何是好
(be)apuzzletosB...……对某人来说仍是个谜
(2)puzzleabout/over冥思苦想;
苦苦思索
(3)puzzlingadj.令人迷惑的
puzzledadj.感到迷惑的
bepuzzledabout对……迷惑不解
1Thepolicearestillpuzzling________howtheaccidentcouldhavehappeneD.
2Wherethemissingplanehasgonestillremainsapuzzle________us.
3Whenthelittlegirlwasaskedsucha________(puzzle)question,shestoodtherewithasurprisedlookonherface.
4Thismorning,whenIwaswalkingonthestreet,Isawthattwotravelerswerereadingamap,looking________(puzzle).
[答案] 1about/over 2to 3puzzling 4puzzled
[思维发散] 过去分词形式的形容词,如puzzled,confused,frightened,excited,surprised等,除了可以用来描述人的心理活动以外,还可以用来修饰与人有关的一些名词,如look,voice,smile,expression,face等。
4.intime及时;
终于;
迟早
[教材原句] Theywereintimetoproducecarbondioxide,nitrogen,watervaporandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth'
satmosphere.
它们最终产生了二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他气体,从而形成了地球的大气层。
(1)intime作“终于;
迟早”讲时,常单独使用,作状语。
(2)intime作“及时”讲时,后常跟forsth.或todosth.。
1You'
llsucceed________timeasyoudon'
tgiveup.
2Thedoctorcameintime________(save)hislife.
3Luckforhim,hewasjustintime________thebus.
[答案] 1in 2tosave 3for
[思维发散]
1fromtimetotime有时;
偶尔
2atatime每次
3innotime立刻;
马上
4atthesametime同时
5atonetime一度;
从前
⑥atnotime绝不(置于句首时,句子常用部分倒装语序)
5.inone'
sturn轮到某人;
接着
[教材原句] Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.
于是,它们接着成了这个行星上最重要的动物。
inturn依次;
轮流;
反之;
相应地
byturns轮流;
交替地
taketurnstodosth.轮流做某事
Itisone'
sturntodosth.轮到某人做某事
Itturns/turnedoutthat...结果……
1Alltheoriescomefrompracticeand________turnservepractice.
2Ithinkit'
smyturn________(drive)thekidstoschoolthisweek.
3Theytookcareofthedisabledoldmanby________(turn).
4Theyhadtotaketurns________(look)afterthepatients.
5Nowthatwehavefinisheddesigning,thecompany,________itsturn,shoulddotheconstructingwork.
完成句子
⑥________________________________________thisyoungmanwasnoneotherthantheoldman'
sson.
结果,这位年轻人正是这位老人的儿子。
[答案] 1in 2todrive 3turns 4tolook 5in ⑥Itturnedoutthat
[知识顾问] byturns是“交替;
轮流”的意思,多指两个人或两个行为之间的交替进行;
如果表示“按顺序”则应该用inturn。
6.prevent...from阻止;
制止
[教材原句] Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichpreventsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.
他们把过多的二氧化碳排放到大气层中,这使得地球上的热量不能释放到太空中去。
stop...from(doing)sth.制止……
keep...from(doing)sth.阻止……
protect...from/against(doing)sth.
保护……免受……伤害
1(2017·
天津卷)Sure,Icouldhaveaskedher,butsomethingpreventedmefrom________(do)so.
2Thelawsprotecteveryoneherefrom____________(attack).
3Hewaspreventedbyillness________comingtoourbirthdayparty.
4Tokeepwarm,hekeptthefire________(burn)allthenight.
[答案] 1doing 2beingattacked 3from 4burning
[易错提醒] preventsB.(from)doing=stopsB.(from)doing=keepsB.fromdoing阻止某人做……(在主动语态中,与stop/prevent搭配的from可以省略;
在被动语态中from均不可省略。
7.“make+it+adj./n.+todo”句式
[教材原句] Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.
这就产生了连锁反应,使生命的发展成为可能。
(1)makeitpossibleforlifetodevelop属于“v.(动词)+it+adj./n.(宾补)+todo/that从句”结构。
该结构中,it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的不定式或that从句。
1Masteringthetechnology______________________________forustousetheInternetmoreeffectively.
精通这项技术可能会让我们更加有效地利用网络。
(2)在“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中,宾语补足语可由名词或形容词、不带to的不定式、过去分词或介词短语充当。
2Praise__________________________andbadmenworse.
[谚语]表扬能使好人更好,坏人更坏。
3Thepolice____________________________againstthewall.
=Theyweremadebythepolice_____________againstthewall.
警察强迫他们靠墙站着。
(3)当该结构的宾语是不定式短语或从句时,多用it作形式宾语,而把不定式短语或从句后置。
即:
make+it+宾语补足语+不定式短语或从句(宾语补足语由名词或形容词充当)。
常用于此结构中的动词还有:
think,believe,find,consider,feel等。
4I__________________________thesewordsinashorttime.
我发现在短时间内记住这些词很难。
[答案] 1makesitpossible 2makesgoodmenbetter
3madethemstand;
tostand 4findithardtoremember
[方法规律] 当“make+宾语+dosth.”变为被动语态时,不定式符号“to”要还原,不能省略。
语境串考点
(语法填空)
Nooneknowsexactlywhentheearthbegan1.____________(exist).Theearthwasjustacloudofdustafterthe“BigBang”.Theearthexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywere2.____________timetoproducemanythings,3.____________weretomaketheearth'
satmosphere.Astheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearon4.____________(it)surface.Itallowedtheearthtodissolve5.____________(harm)gasesandacids.Thenlifebegantodevelop.
Howlifebeganonearthisoneofthebiggest6.____________(puzzle)thatscientistsfoundhardtosolve.Smallplantsmultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen.Thisencouragedthe7.____________(develop)ofearlyshellfishandfish.LandanimalsappearedaftergreenplantsappeareD.Smallcleveranimalsspreadallovertheearth.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichpreventsheatfrom8.____________(escape)fromtheearthintospace.9.____________lifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcan10.____________(solve).
[答案] 1.toexist 2.in 3.which 4.its 5.harmful 6.puzzles 7.development 8.escaping 9.Whether 10.besolved
第二时段 LearningaboutLanguage&
UsingLanguage
1.crashvi.&
vt.碰撞;
坠落 n.(汽车的)撞车事故;
(飞机的)失事;
撞击声
[教材原句] Otherscientistsbelievethatacometcrashedintotheearthlongagoandcausedthedisappearance.
其他科学家认为很久以前一颗彗星与地球相撞导致了(恐龙)灭绝。
crashinto/onto...撞到……里/上
withacrash轰隆一声
1Hewitnessedaserioustrain________today.Twotrains________eachotherandletoutaloud________.
今天他目睹了一起火车相撞事故。
两列火车彼此撞在了一起,发出了很大的爆裂声。
2Thetreefell_________________________allofasudden.
突然,那棵树哗啦一声倒了下来。
[答案] 1crash;
crashedinto;
crash 2withagreatcrash
2.pulln.&
vt.拉(力);
拖;
牵引力
[教材原句] Astherocketroseintotheair,wewerepushedbackintoourseatsbecauseweweretryingtoescapethepulloftheearth'
sgravity.
随着火箭升入太空,由于我们在努力挣脱地球的引力,我们被向后推在座位上。
pulloff脱(衣、帽等)
pullthrough康复;
完成;
使渡过难关
pullin(火车)进站;
(船)靠岸
pullup停车;
停住
pulldown拆毁
用pull构成短语的适当形式填空
1Ididn'
tnoticethetrainhadalready____________.
2Thedriver____________attheschoolgate.
3Theoldhousewas____________lastweek.
4Everyonewasveryconcernedwhetherthepatientwould____________ornot.
[答案] 1pulledin 2pulledup 3pulleddown 4pullthrough
3.cheerup感到高兴;
感到振奋;
(使)振奋
[教材原句] Icheeredupimmediatelyandfloatedweightlesslyaroundinourspaceshipcabinwatchingtheearthbecomesmallerandthemoonlarger.
我立刻感到很高兴,由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去,我望着(身后的)地球越来越小,而(前方的)月球越来越大。
(1)cheersB.up使某人振作起来
cheersB.on(比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励;
为某人加油
cheerfor(用欢呼、喝彩等)支持(某竞赛者)
(2)Cheers!
[口语](用于祝酒)干杯!
1WhenI'
mfeelingsad,mymothertellsmefunnystoriestocheerme________.
2Theygatheredroundtheswimmingpoolandcheeredher________.
3Let'
sgotothefootballgameandcheer________ourschoolteam.
[答案] 1up 2on 3for
[知识顾问] cheerup既可以用作及物动词短语,也可用作不及物动词短语。
4.breakout爆发;
突发
[教材原句] Wewatched,amazedasfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceshipastheearth'
sgravityincreaseD.
我们惊奇地看着,随着地球引力的增加,宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。
breakawayfrom脱离/挣脱……
breakdown出故障;
坏掉;
失败;
(健康等)垮掉
breakin插话;
破门而入
breakinto破门而入
breakup打碎;
结束
用break构成短语的适当形式填空
1TheAnti—JapaneseWar____________in1937.
2Afterthefire____________inthelab,alotofequipmentwasdestroyeD.
3Thethief____________thesupermarketandstolemanygoods.
4Hisplan____________,sohehadtostartfromtheverybeginning.
[答案] 1brokeout 2brokeout 3brokeinto
4brokedown
5.倍数的表达方式
[教材原句] ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.
但当我试图往前走时,我发现自己被带到一个步幅相当于地球上两倍远的地方并且摔倒了。
(1)twiceasfaras...属于“倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as...”结构,是一种倍数的表示方法。
1Thistreeis___________________________thatone.
这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。
(2)倍数+比较级+than...。
2Thepopulationnowinthisvillageis__________tenyearsago.
现在这个村庄的人口是十年前的五倍。
(3)倍数+thesize/length/height/widthof+另一比较对象。
3It