Fig 1 Energy spectrum of cosmic rays The spectrumWord格式.docx

Fig 1 Energy spectrum of cosmic rays The spectrumWord格式.docx

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Fig.2AschematicviewofthetrajectoryforhighestenergycosmicraysinourGalaxy.EventhemagneticfielddoesexistatthehaloofourGalaxy,cosmicrayswithanenergyover6x1019eVwillflowout.

Fig.3aTheenergyspectraofcosmicraysathighestenergies.

BluetrianglesrepresentAGASAdatatakenbyshowercounter.RedandblacksymbolsrepresentFly’seyedatatakenatUtahbytheobservationoffluorescentlight.Acleardiscrepancycanbeseenforenergyexceeding1020eV.

Fig.3bThesameenergyspectraasFig.3abutmultipliedbyE3.

IncasetheabsolutevalueofAkenodata（redcircle）isshifted15%lowerinenergy,HiResIdata（bluesquare）coincidewithAGASAdataverywell.Blackcrossescorrespondtosimulationdata（notrealdata）.OneofthemainpurposesofthisexperimentistocalibratetheabsolutevalueofthehighestenergycosmicrayexperimentsusingtheLHCbeam.SopresentexperimentmaybecalledasanenergycalibrationexperimentofAuger,TAandEUSOprojects.ThegraphhasbeencitedfromapaperbyD.De.Marcoetal.,Proceed.28thICRC,Vol.2（2003）655.

Fig.4Thedepthoftheshowermaximuminunitsofg/cm2isshownasafunctionoftheshowerenergy.Thesimulationspredictthatforagivenenergyirondominatedshowershaveshortdepthandprotondominatedshowershavelongdepth.Therearesignificantvariationsamongstthesimulationsthatneedtoberesolvedinordertoinfertheshowercompositionfromtheexperimentaldata.ResolvingthesevariationsisoneofthemainpurposesoftheproposedLHCexperiment.

Fig.5The“Y”beamtubevacuumchamber140mfromtheinteractionpoint.

The“Y”chambermakesthetransitionfromasinglebeamtubeintheinteractionregiontotwobeamtubesinthearcsoftheLHC.

Fig.6Somedetailsoftheshieldingaroundthe“Y”vacuumchambershowingtheslotintheshieldingthathasbeenallowedforinstrumentation.

Fig.7AmoredetaileddrawingoftheinstrumentationregionintheTAN.Thespacebetweenbeampipesis96mmwideand1011mmlong.

Fig8:

　Thecalorimeterwillbelocatedbetweentowbeampipes.

Fig.9Aschematicviewofthetowercalorimeter.Itwillbecomposedofthreeindividualdiamondshapedcalorimetersinaverticalstack.

Fig.10Thethreecalorimetersaresupportedbythealuminumframe（theleftside）andthephotomultipliersaremountedinsidethealuminumframeinthepositionsshownintherightsidedrawing.

11a.Theshowertransitioncurvefor100GeV（red）and1TeVphotons（blue）.

Fig11b:

Behaviouroftheshowerinducedbyahighenergyphotoninsidethetungstencalorimeter.Wrepresentsatungstenplate,Scincorrespondstoa3mmthickscintillatorandSciFimeansascintillationfiberdetectorfordeterminingthecenteroftheshowers.

Fig.12TheestimationofcornereffectbyM.C.calculation.TheresultshowsIfphotonsenterinside1.5mmfromthecorneroftheshowercounter,theenergyofphotonscanbereproduce