College English 42大学英语精读第四册Word文档下载推荐.docx
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conserve:
keeporstore保存;
储存
turnout:
provetobe;
becomeasaresultof证明是;
结果是
1.Thatexpensivewatchturnsout（tobe）acounterfeitproduct.
2.Itturnsoutthathismethoddoesnotworkwell.
beapplicableto对…适用;
apply…to…
Compare:
applicable---practical---feasible
DeerandtheEnergyCycle
鹿与能量循环
Lines1–13
goround运转
romantic1.浪漫的2.不实在的（notpractical）=impractical
practical实在的;
实际的
turnofmind性情;
素质
1.Sheisofacheerfulturnofmind.她性情（生性）开朗
2.Mr.Smithisofascholarlyturnofmind.史密斯先生有学者气质
Butthetruthisthatitisenergythatmakestheworldgoround.表语从句里是一句强调句
ecologicalsystem=ecosystem生态系统ecology（n.）生态
convert…into:
change…into转化/转变成
e.g.:
Coalcanbeconvertedintogasbyburning.
convert…to:
皈依（宗教;
信仰）
1.ThatyoungwidowhasbeenconvertedtoBuddhism.
2.We’llsoonconverthimtoourwayofthinking.
paper/foreign/hard/softcurrency（硬通货;
软通货）
inturn依此;
反过来:
Theoryisbasedonpracticeandinturnservespractice.
Onthiscyclealllifedepends.（倒装句）:
Alllifedependsonthiscycle.
fromyeartoyear=yearafteryear
timesofplenty旺季fall（AmE）=autumn
storingtheexcess（=surplus）
hardtimes艰难时刻reserves（=storage）offat储存的脂肪
intheformof以…的方式
whenfoodisscarce（=lacking,notenough）
Note:
spend…（in）doingsth;
spend…todosth（不定式做目的状语）
finish/stopdoingsth;
finish/stoptodosth
Letusstop/finish（ourwork）tohaveacoffeebreak.
Lines14–33
a（good）caseinpoint:
agoodexampleofwhatisbeingtalkedabout一个恰当的/有说服力的例子
Heisratherselfish.Hisunwillingnesstohelphisfriendisacaseinpoint.
plentyof后面可跟可数复数与不可数名词
nutritious（adj.）有营养的nutrition（n.）营养品
available:
常作后置定语e.g.:
Theyreadallbooksavailable.
available---accessible---obtainable
physically（bodily）mature（fullygrownordeveloped）生理成熟的
Thisdraftwillbemature/dueorexpiretomorrow.
condition1.用于指具体的情况，条件时，一般用复数形式
indifficultconditions;
underpresentconditions
2.通常表示笼统的状况，用单数e.g.:
Heisin（good/poor）condition.
conceive:
bepregnant
givebirthto（生育;
生下）twofawns（幼鹿）
1.searchfor…2.search…for…
1.Thepolicearesearchingforthemurdererinthemountain.
2.Thepolicearesearchingthemountainforthemurderer.
necessary---indispensable
beindispensableto=beamustto/for
meet…need（s）=meet…demands满足…需要
occur（vi.）:
happen;
takeplace
timing（U）:
时间的安排;
时机的选择
______（Time/Timing）isveryimportantwhenyouareinvolvedinthestockmarket.
energyconsumingprocess消耗能量的过程
1.requiresthofsb;
2.requiresb.todosth.
meet…cost满足…开支
ample:
enough/sufficiente.g.:
Thereisamplespaceforagarage.
foodresources食物资源foodsources食物来源
progress（vi.）:
advance
Theworkisprogressing/advancingsteadily.
be（become）dependent（adj.）on/upon:
depend（vi.）on/upon
adult（grown-up）males雄性成鹿
growantlers长鹿角
continuedoing/todo
deposit:
keepstore储存;
Deposit（=save）themoneyinyourbank-note/bankaccount.
bodyfat体内脂肪
inthecaseof就…而言;
至于;
incase（of）万一;
如果…
doe:
afully-grownfemaledeerdoes=doe+s
agreatdealof修饰不可数e.g.:
agreatdealofwater/milk
expend（vt.）:
（moreformalthanspendoruseup）花费（时间,精力,金钱），消费，用尽（onorin+n.）
accumulate（v.）:
gatherorcollect（littlebylittle）积累；
积存
banknote存折bankaccount帐户;
存款
drawon利用;
支取draw（vt.）（=take）moneyfromthebank
Lines34-48
spot（n.）斑点;
现场（onthespot）spotted（adj.）有斑点的
Fawnslosetheirspottedcoat.幼鹿失去有斑点的皮毛。
haircoat毛皮maximumhairdepth最厚（长）的毛皮
deep–depth;
wide–width;
long–length;
high–height
complete（adj.）:
finishedMyworkwillbecompletetomorrow.
inaddition:
besides;
apartfrom
but;
except;
otherthan
HehasbeentoeveryothercitythanKunming.=beentoeverycityotherthanKunming
safeguard（n.）:
保护物,防卫（手段）nature（U）:
自然;
自然界
further---farther
internal内部的;
（此处是）体内的interior（n.）
external外部的exterior（n.）
aninternalphysiologicalresponse（reaction）一种内在生理反应
lower（vt.）;
slowdown降低;
减缓slowdown---speedup
lowerone’smetabolism减缓新陈代谢;
lowertherentofahouse
rateofbodilyfunctioning肌体活动的速度
hence（ad.）=therefore
expenditure（consumption/expending/usingup）ofenergy能量消耗
somewhat（ad.）=alittle;
slow（指）动作缓慢drowsy（adj.）:
sleepy
Theheartrate（心率）drops（=slowsdown）.
animalsthathibernate冬眠的动物
practice（AmE）/practise（BrE）（vt.）:
perform;
goon实行;
进行
practise/practice+doingsth
toa（certain/great）extreme达到某种/极大的极限
thandeerdo（=practiceenergyconservation）
dothesamething=practiceenergyconservation
seasonalrhythms季节性节奏
rhythm:
therhythmofthetides=theirregularrisesandfalls
beabundantin=berichinThisareaisabundant/richincoal.
Lines49-72
cabin:
小木屋;
茅舍
behavior（n.）;
behave（vi.）动作;
行为;
（此处相当于）activity;
movement
melt（v.）:
cause（asolid）tobecomeliquid（使）融化;
（使）熔化
amusing（adj.）:
funnyamuse（vt.）:
causetolaughorsmile
turnthethermostatonyourfurnace（暖气炉）down:
turndown（调低）thethermostat（恒温器）onyourfurnace（定语）
advice（U）:
apieceofadvice
advisesbtodosth/urgesbtodosth/persuadesbtodosth
stay（=keep）warm
meanwhile（ad.）:
atthesametime
reduce（cutdown;
decrease）theiractivity
growawintercoatofhair长出越冬的厚毛
astheyhaveforthousandsofyears就如几千年来,它们一贯如此
biologicallyreasonable:
reasonablefromtheviewpointofbiology
reducethecostof减少/降低消耗
critical关键的;
危急的
survival（U）:
存活;
存活率survive（v.）
productivity（U）:
theabilityorratetoproduce繁殖率
theweatherremains（=isstill）cold
pullthrough:
help（sb.）tosurviveaperiodofdangerorcrisis帮助（使）（某人）渡过危险或难关
1.Pleasedon’tworryaboutyourmother’sillness.Thedoctorwillpullherthrough.
2.Thecompanywasingreatdifficultiesattheendoflastyear,butagenerousloanfromthebankpulleditthrough.
Foodwillbeharder（=moredifficult）tofind.
Ifsuchconditions（C.情况）goon（=continue）…
possible---probable---likely
fundamental（adj.）:
basic;
essential;
mostimportant
AgoodcommandofEnglishgrammarisfundamentaltothepassingofsuchanEnglishtest.
wild,freewanderinganimals四处自由奔走的野生动物
WearebuildingChinaintoapowerfulmodernizedsocialistcountry.
A.Thegentlemanlikes/lovesthatrichwiseuglywomanboss.
B.Thegentlemanlikes/lovesthatuglywiserichwomanboss.
C.Thegentlemanlikes/lovesthatrichuglywisewomanboss.
acirclethatgoesroundandround周而复始,循环不已
Andthecirclecontinues.如此循环,永不止息
Grammaticalanalysisoflongandcomplicatedsentencesofthetext
1.Thelessonshelearnsaboutthewaydeerconserveenergyturnoutapplicabletooureverydaylife.（Preface）
2.Energyisthecurrencyoftheecologicalsystemandlifebecomespossibleonlywhenfoodisconvertedintoenergy,whichinturnisusedtoseekmorefoodtogrow,toproduceandtosurvive.（Lines4–6）
3.Itisfairlywellknownthatwildanimalssurvivefromyeartoyearbyeatingasmuchastheycanduringtimesofplenty,thesummerandfall,storingtheexcess,usuallyintheformoffat,andthenusingthesereservesoffattosurviveduringthehardtimesinwinterwhenfoodisscarce.（Lines8–12）
4.AphysicallymaturefemaledeeringoodconditionwhohasconceivedinNovemberandgivenbirthtotwofawnsduringtheendofMayorfirstpartofJune,mustsearchforthenecessaryenergynotonlytomeetherbody’sneedsbutalsotoproducemilkforherfawns.（Lines16–20）
5.Whenthe“energycrisis”firstcamein1973–1974,IwaslivingwithmyfamilyinacabinontheedgeofanareawheredeerspendthewinterinnorthernMinnesota,observingthedeerastheirbehaviorchangedfrommoreactivityinsummerandfalltolessaswinterprogressed,followedbyanincreaseagaininthespringasthesnowmelted.（Lines49-53）
Keytotheexercises
II.Comprehensionofthetext（pp.33–34）
4.Choosethebestanswerforeachofthefollowing:
1.D2.B3.D4.D5.A6.C7.B8.C
III.VocabularyActivities（pp.34–37）
1.Trytocompletethefollowingtable:
1.bull2.horse3.dog/dog4.tiger/tiger
5.lioness6.goose7.fowl/cock8.duck
2.MatcheachwordinColumnAwithawordoftheoppositemeaningfromColumnB:
1.romantic–practic
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