卡梅伦首相在北京大学的演讲全文Word下载.docx

卡梅伦首相在北京大学的演讲全文Word下载.docx

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China’sNationalAnthemfamouslycallsonthepeopleofChinatostandup… 

Qilaiqilai（standup,standup）

TodaytheChinesepeoplearenotjuststandingupintheirowncountry.Theyarestandingupintheworld.Nolongercanpeopletalkabouttheglobaleconomywithoutincludingthecountrythathasgrownonaveragetenpercentayearforthreedecades.Nolongercanwetalkabouttradewithoutthecountrythatisnowtheworld’slargestexporterandthirdlargestimporter.Andnolongercanwedebateenergysecurityorclimatechangewithoutthecountrythatisoneoftheworld’sbiggestconsumersofenergy.Chinaisoncoursetoreclaim,laterthiscentury,itspositionastheworld’sbiggesteconomy,thepositionithasheldfor18ofthelast20centuries,andanachievementofwhichtheChinesepeoplearejustlyproud.Putsimply:

Chinahasre-emergedasagreatglobalpower.

Threator 

Opportunity

Nowpeoplecanreacttothisinoneoftwoways.TheycanseeChina’sriseasathreatortheycanseeitasanopportunity.TheycanprotecttheirmarketsfromChinaoropentheirmarketstoChina.TheycantryandshutChinaoutorwelcomeChinain,toanewplaceatthetoptableofglobalaffairs.TherehasbeenachangeofGovernmentinBritainandachangeofPrimeMinister.ButonthisvitalpointthereisabsolutecontinuitybetweenmygovernmentandtheGovernmentsofTonyBlairandGordonBrown.

WewantastrongrelationshipwithChina.Strongontrade.Strongoninvestment.Strongondialogue.

ImadethatclearasLeaderoftheOppositionwhenIvisitedBeijingandChongqingthreeyearsago.

AndIrepeatitasPrimeMinisterhereinChina’scapitaltoday.

IntheargumentabouthowtoreacttotheriseofChina,Isayit’sanopportunity.Ichooseengagementnotdisengagement.Dialoguesnotstand-off.Mutualbenefit,notzero-sumgame.Partnershipnotprotectionism.

Britainisthecountrythatarguesmostpassionatelyforglobalizationandfreetrade.FreetradeisinourDNA.AndwewanttradewithChinaasmuchofitaswecanget.That’swhyIhavewithmeonthisvisitoneofthebiggestandmosthigh-powereddelegationsaBritishPrimeMinisterhaseverledtoChina.JustthinkaboutsomeoftheprizesthattheriseofChinacouldhelptobringwithinourgrasp.Strong,andsustainablegrowthfortheglobaleconomy.VitalprogressontheDohatraderoundwhichcouldadd$170billiontotheglobaleconomy.Arealchancetogetbackontracktowardsalegallybindingdealonemissions.Unprecedentedprogressintacklingpoverty.

Chinahaslifted500millionpeopleoutofpovertyinjustthirtyyears.Althoughthereisstillalongwaytogo–that’smorepeopleliftedoutofpovertythanatanytimeinhumanhistory.Youcanseetheresultsrightacrossthisenormouscountry.

WhenIworkedinHongKongbrieflyin1985,Shenzhenwasbarelymorethanasmalltown,surroundedbypaddyfieldsandwaterways.TodayitisacitylargerthanLondon.Itmakesmostoftheworld’siPodsandoneintenofitsmobilephones.

Andthereareotherbenefitstoointacklingtheworld’smostintractableproblems.Iwelcomethefact,forexample,thatmorethan900ChinesedoctorsnowworkinAfricancountriesandthatinUgandaitisaChinesepharmaceuticalfirmthatisintroducinganewanti-malarialdrug.SoIwanttomakethepositivecasefortheworldtoseeChina’sriseasanopportunitynotathreat.ButChinaneedstohelpustomakethatargumenttodemonstratethatasyoureconomygrows,sodooursharedinterests,andoursharedresponsibilities.WeshareaninterestinChina’sintegrationintotheworldeconomy,whichisessentialforChina’sdevelopment.IfwearetomaintainEurope’sopennesstoChina,wemustbeabletoshowthatChinaisopentoEurope.Soweshareaninterestinaninternationalsystemgovernedbyrulesandnorms.Weshareaninterestineffectivecooperativegovernance,includingfortheworldeconomy.Weshareaninterestinfightingprotectionismandinaco-ordinaterebalancingbetweensurplusanddeficitcountries.Theseinterests,thoseresponsibilitiesarebotheconomicandpolitical.

Letmetakeeachinturn.

Economic 

Responsibilities

First,economicresponsibilities.

Let’sgetstraighttothepoint.

Theworldeconomyhasbeguntogrowagainafterthecrisis. 

Butthatgrowthisveryuneven. 

LedbyChina,Asiaandotheremergingmarketsaregrowingquickly. 

Butinmuchoftheadvancedworldgrowthisslowandfragileandunemploymentstubbornlyhigh.Weshouldnotbesurprisedatthis. 

Thecrisishasdamagedmanyadvancedeconomiesandweakenedtheirfinancialsectors. 

Theyfacemajorstructuralandfiscaladjustmentstorebalancetheireconomies. 

Thisistrueofmyowncountry. 

Weknowwhatstepsweneedtotaketorestorethepublicfinancesandrebalanceoureconomytowardsgreatersavingandinvestmentandgreaterexports. 

Andwehavebeguntotakethem.Butfortheworldeconomytobeabletogrowstronglyagain–andtogrowwithoutcreatingthedangerouseconomicandfinancialinstabilitiesthatledtothecrisis,weneedmorethanjustadjustmentintheadvancedworld. 

Thetruthisthatsomecountrieswithcurrentaccountsurpluseshavebeensavingtoomuchwhileotherslikeminewithdeficitshavebeensavingtoolittle.

Andtheresulthasbeenadangeroustidalwaveofmoneygoingfromonesideoftheglobetotheother.Weneedamorebalancedpatternofglobaldemandandsupply,amorebalancedpatternofglobalsavingandinvestment. 

Nowsometimeswhenyouhearpeopletalkabouteconomicimbalances,itcanseemasthoughcountriesthataresuccessfulatexportingarebeingblamedfortheirsuccess.That’sabsolutelynotthecase.Weallshareaninterestandaresponsibilitytoco-operatetosecurestrongandbalancedglobalgrowth.ThereisnogreaterillustrationofthisthanwhathappenedtoChinaasthewesternbankingsystemcollapsed.Chineseexportsfell12percent.Growthdroppedtoitslowestpointinmorethanadecadeandsome20millionjobswerelostintheChineseexportsector.Changesinthestructureofoureconomieswilltaketime.

Whatisimportantisthatthemajoreconomiesoftheworldhaveasharedvisionofthepathofthischange:

whatactionscountriesshouldavoid;

whatactionscountriesneedtotakeand,crucially,overwhatperioditshouldhappen. 

ThisiswhytheG20–andthemeetinginSeoul–issoimportant. 

Togetherwecanagreeacommonapproach. 

Wecancommittothenecessaryactions.Wecanagreethatwewillholdeachothertoaccount.AndjustasChinaplayedaleadingroleattheG20inhelpingtoavertaglobaldepression,soitcanleadnow.

IknowfrommydiscussionswithPremierWenhowcommittedChinaistoactionstorebalanceitseconomy. 

Chinaisalreadytalkingaboutmovingtowardsincreaseddomesticconsumption,betterhealthcareandwelfare,moreconsumergoodsasitsmiddleclassgrows,andintimeintroducinggreatermarketflexibilityintoitsexchangerate. 

Thiscannotbecompletedovernight,butitmusthappen.

Let’sbeclearabouttherisksifitdoesnot,aboutwhatisatstakeforChinaandfortheUK–countriesthatdependonanopenglobaleconomy. 

Attheworstpointofthecrisis,weavertedprotectionism.Butatatimeofslowgrowthandhighunemploymentinmanycountriesthosepressureswillriseagain,alreadyyoucanseethem.Countrieswillincreasinglybetemptedtotrytomaximisetheirowngrowthandtheirownemployment,attheexpenseofothers. 

Globalization–theforcethathasbeensopowerfulindrivingdevelopmentandbringinghugenumbersintotheworldeconomycouldgointoreverse.Ifwefollowthatpathwewillallloseout.TheWestwouldloseforsure.ButsotoowouldChina.Forthelasttwodecades,tradehasbeenaverypositivefactorinChina’sre-emergenceontheworldstage.Ithasdrivenamazinggrowthandraisedthelivingstandardsofmillions.TradehashelpedstitchbackChina’snetworkofrelationswithcountriesacrosstheworld.Weneedtomakesurethatitdoesnotturnintoanegativefactor.JustastheWestwantsgreateraccesstoChinesemarkets,soChinawantsgreateraccesstoWesternmarkets,anditwantsmarketeconomystatusintheEUtoo.

IhadveryconstructivetalkswithPremierWenonexactlythisissueyesterday.IwillmakethecaseforChinatogetmarketeconomystatusintheEU,butChinaneedstohelp,byshowingthatitiscommittedtobecomingmoreopen,asitbecomesmoreprosperous.Andweneedtoworktogethertodomoretoprotectintellectualpropertyrights,becausethiswillgivemorebusinessesconfidencetocomeandinvestinChina. 

UKcompaniesareuniquelyplacedtosupportChina’sdemandformorehighvaluegoodsforitsconsumers. 

OurPavilionattheWorldExpoinShanghai–whichwontheGoldAwardforthebestPaviliondesign–wasashowcaseforsomanyofBritain’sstrengthsfromadvancedengineeringtoeducation,fromgreatbrandstogreatpharmaceuticalbusinesses,fromlowcarbontofinancialservicestothecreativeindustries.Inalltheseareasandmanymore,BritishcompaniesandBritishexportscanhelpChinadelivertheprosperityandprogressitseeks.WecanbepartofChina’sdevelopmentstrategy,justasChinaispartofours.

Atruepartnershipofgrowth