中考英语语法精讲 形容词和副词教案Word下载.docx
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数词
性状形容词
冠词前的形容词
冠词
指示代词
不定代词
代词所有格
序数词
基数词
性质
状态
大小
长短
形状
新旧
温度
颜色
国籍
产地
材料
质地
名词
all
both
such
the
a
this
another
your
second
next
one
four
beautiful
good
poor
large
short
square
new
cool
black
yellow
Chinese
London
silk
stone
(4)有关形容词的重要考点:
(一)形容词修饰something,anything,nothing,或由some,any,no构成的不定代词时,把形容词后置。
1.---Mum,Billiscomingtodinnerthisevening.---OK,Let’sgivehim______toeat.
A.somethingdifferentB.differentanythingC.anythingdifferentD.differentsomething
2.---Willyoupleasetellme_____inyourcity?
---Withpleasure.IthinkWuQuanParkisworthvisiting.
A.interestingsomewhereB.somewhereinteresting
C.anywhereinterestingD.interestinganywhere
(二)形容词作表语,放在系动词be,look,taste,smell,sound,get,become,turn,keep,seem后作表语。
注意:
taste,smell,sound+good.
1.---Johnlooksso_______todaybecauseshegotan“A”inhermathstest.
A.happyB.happilyC.angryD.angrily
2.Don’teatthefood.Itsmells_______.A.badlyB.badC.goodD.well
3.---I’mafraidthatIhaveabadcold.---Takethemedicineandyou’llfeel_______.
A.healthB.bestC.goodD.better
4.Thepearstaste______andsell______.
A.well,goodB.well,wellC.good,wellD.good,good
(三)形容词作keep,make,leave的宾语补足语。
1.Tom,youmustkeepyourroom_______.
A.totidyB.tidyingC.tidy
2.Weshouldkeep
oureyes________whiledoingeyeexercise
A.closeB.closedC.openD.opened
(四)exciting,interesting,surprising,amazing,---ing修饰物
excited,interested,surprised,amazed,---ed修饰人
1.Oct15thwasoneof________daysin2003.TheShenzhou-Vwassentupsuccessfully.
A.excitingB.moreexcitingC.themostexcitingD.muchexciting
2.HarryPotterisan_______bookforchildren,butmycousindoesn’tseematall______init.
A.interesting,interestingB.interesting,interestedC.interested,interesting
(五)形、副的比较级前可加much多;
alittle一点;
alot多;
abit一点;
even甚至,更加;
far多;
等起修饰作用。
1.Theexperimentwas_______easierthanwehadexpected.
A.moreB.muchmoreC.muchD.moremuch
2.TheairinBeijingisgettingmuch_______nowthanafewyearsago.
A.cleanB.cleanerC.cleanestD.thecleanest
3.Thisyearourschoolis________thanitwaslastyear.
A.muchmorebeautifulB.muchbeautifulC.themostbeautifulD.beautiful
(六)形容词“越来越”的表达:
a.单音节词:
warmerandwarmer,colderandcolder.
b.多音节词前加moreandmorebuantiful,moreandmoredifficult
c.the+比较级+句子.
1.Beijingisbecoming______and________.
A.morebeautiful,moreB.beautiful,beautiful
C.more,morebeautifulD.morebeautiful,morebeautiful
2.Rememberboysandgirls._______youwork,_______resultyouwillget.
A.Thebetter,theharderB.Theharder,.thebetterC.Theharder,thegood
3.Whenwintercomes,thedaysget__________.
A.shortandshortB.shorterandshorterC.longandlongD.longerandlonger
(七)enough修饰形、副时把enough后置:
1.---Mum,IthinkI’m______togetbacktoschool.---You’dbetterstayathomeforanotherdayortwo.
A.sowellB.sogoodC.wellenoughD.goodenough
(八)oneof+形容词最高级+复数;
the+序数词+形容词最高级+名词
1.Parisisoneof_______citiesintheworld.
A.morebeautifullyB.morebeautiful
C.themostbeautifulD.themostbeautifully
2.Whoisthe______studentinyourclass?
A.thirdtallestB.thirdtallC.threeshortD.thirdshort
(九)good.well.fine.nice的区别:
1.good作表语、定语。
表示人品好或东西好。
2.well形,只作表语(身体好)。
副,作状语(好)。
3.fine天气好。
4.nice令人喜悦的“人”。
(十)sick和ill都可以作表语,作定语时只用sick,不用ill。
Thesickmanishisuncle.Hehasbeenillfortwodays.
(5).基础知识:
作用:
1.作定语用于名词前(对照:
副词作状语用于动词后)
Countrymusicisakindofsweetmusic.
2.作表
语:
Itlooksgood.
3.作宾补:
Don’tmakeyourparenta
ngry.whohasleftthedooropen?
形容词前加the表一类人,谓语用复数
theold,theyoung,therich,thepoor,thesick病人,thewounded伤员
形容词前的修饰词的顺序:
a(an)+修饰性形容词+size+shape+age+colour+出处+材料+用途+中心词
名词变形容词:
1.天气:
cloud(y),sun(ny),wind(y),ice(y)
2.称谓:
friend(ly),mother(ly),brother(ly)
3.表情感:
care(ful),hope(ful),use(ful),luck(y)health(y),noise(y),care(less),hope(less).
形容词比较级:
1.标志than
2.比较
的对象一致:
Mypencilislongerthanyours.
Billrunsfasterthananyotherstudentinhisclass.
3.一般加er,est
4.以不发音e结尾加r,st
5.双写:
thin-thinner-thinnest,hot-hotter-hottest,fat-fatter-fattest
6.辅音字母+y的变y为i+er,esteasy-easier-easiest
7.双音节词加more,themostdifficult-moredifficult-mostdifficult.
8.以后缀-ful结尾的形容词加more,themostuseful-moreuseful–themostuseful
9.不规则:
good/well-better,best;
bad,ill/badly-worse,worst;
many,much-more,most;
little-less-least;
far-farther-farthest。
形容词最高级:
1.标志:
in(后不同类);
of(后同类)2.加est。
(6)复合形容词的构成:
形容词+名词+ed
kind-hearted
名词+形容词
world-famous
形容词+形容词
dark-blue
7
名词+现在分词
peace-loving
形容词+现在分词
ordinary-looking
8
名词+过去分词
snow-covered
副词+现在分词
hard-working
9
数词+名词+ed
three-egged
副词+过去分词
newly-built
10
数词+名词
twenty-year
II.副词
副词起修饰动词,形容词,其他副词或全句的作用,表示时间,地点,程度,方式或性质等。
1.副词的种类
(1)时间副词
①表示大体时间:
now,then,yesterday,today,tonight,before,justnow,recently,sO faf
②表示频率:
always,usually,often,sometimes.seldom,never
③其它作用:
already,yet,l
ate,early,soon,atonce,immediately,atfirst,atlast,finally
(2)地点副词
①表地点:
here,there,home,abroad,upstairs,downstairs,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere,somewhere
②表位置关系(后接宾语时,用作介词):
above,below,round,around,down,up,in,out,inside,outside,across,back,along,over,away,near,off,past
(3)方式副词表示谓语动词“怎样地”,(此类副词大部分由形容词加ly
构成):
badly,bravely,gratefully,calmly,carefully,carelessly,nervously,proudly,patiently,politely,sadly,properly,rapidly,wrongly,suddenly
(4)程度副词多数用来修饰形容词或副词:
much,(a)little,abit,very,sO,too,enough,quite,rather,completely,terribly,deeply,nearly,almost,hardly
(5)疑问副词构成特殊疑问句:
how,when,where,why
(6)连接副
词连接主语、宾语或表语从句:
how,when,where,why
(7)关系副词引导定语从句:
when,where
,why
(8)其它性质的副词对整个句子进行说明,一般用逗号与主句隔开:
frankly(坦率地说,说真的),generally(一般说来),luckily(幸运地是),firstofall(首先)等。
2.副词的用法及位置
(1)修饰动词作状语
①多数位于动词之后,及物动词的宾语或介问的宾语之后。
eg.Thefarmersareworki
nghardinthefield.
ShespeaksEnglishwell.
Thenurselooksafterthebabiescarefully.
②频度副词放在动词前,情态动词和助动词之后。
eg.HealwaysgoestoschoolOnfoot.
Shewasoftenlateforschool.
IhaveneverbeentoBeijing·
(2)修饰形容词作状语,放在形容词前。
eg.Hehasaverynicewatch.
Theboxistooheavy.
(3)修饰另一副词作状语,放在另一副词前。
eg.Shepaintsquitewell.
Youspeaktoofast.Ican’tunderstandyou.
(4)作表语,放在系动
词后。
eg.Isanybodyin?
(5)作宾语补足语,放在宾语之后。
eg.Isaw
himoutjustnow.
(6)作定语,放在名词之后。
eg.Thereisaman:
hereOnvacation.
(7)疑问副词、修饰整个句子的副词以及perhaps,first,sometimes,finally等副词,一般放在句首。
eg.Finally,Ifinishedthework.
Perhapshe’swatchingTVathome.
(8)表示程度的副词一般放在被修饰词前,而enough则放在它所修饰的词后。
eg.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.
3.某些副词在用法上的区别
(1)already,yet,still
already表示某事物已经发生,主要用于肯定句;
yet表示期待某事发生,主要用于否定句和疑问句;
still表示某事还在进行,主要用于肯定句和疑问句,有时也可用于否定句。
如:
We'
vealreadywatchedthatfilm.
Ihaven'
tfinishedmyhomeworkyet.
Hestillworksuntillateeverynight.
(2)too,aswell,also,either
too,aswell和also用于肯定句和疑问句,too和aswell多用于口语,一般放在句末,而also多用于书面语,一般放在句中与动词连用。
either用于否定句和否定的疑问句,往往放在句末。
Hewenttheretoo.
Hedidn'
tgothereeither.
Ilikeyouaswell.
Ialsowentthere.
(3)hard,hardly
hardly意为"
几乎"
与hard在词义上完全不同。
Iworkhardeveryday.
Icanhardlyrememberthat.
(4)late,lately
lately意为"
最近、近来"
,late意为"
晚、迟"
。
Henevercomeslate.
Haveyoubeentothemuseumlately?
III.形容词和副词的比较等级
1.比较级、最高级的构成
(1)单音节和少数双音节词
①一般在词尾加er或est
great--greater——greatest,young——younger——youngest,slow→slower→slowest
②以e结尾的只加r或st
nice——nicer----nicest,large——larger—largest.
③以辅音字母加y结尾的,先变y为i,再加er或est
heavy——heavier——heaviest,easy——easier——>
easiest,busy——busier——busiest,funny——funnier——+funniest,early——
earlier→earliest
④以重读闭音节结尾的词,先双写最末的一个辅音字母,再加er或estbig——bigger——biggest,thin——thinner——>
thinnest,fat—)fatter→fattest,ht—)fitter→fittest
(2)多音节和部分双音节词,前加more为比较级,加(the)most为最高级
careful→morecareful——mostcareful
useful——moreuseful——mostuseful
popular→morepopular→mostpopular
carelessly——morecarelessly——mostcarelessly
(3)不规则变化的词
good/well→better→best
bad/ill/badly→worse→worst
many/much→more→most
little→less→least
old→older/elder→oldest(指年龄大小)/eldest(指长幼顺序)
far→farther/further→farthest(指距离)/furthest(指程度)
2.形容词和副词比较级、最高级的
用法
(1)形容词和副词比较级的用法
①用
于两者比较,表示“比…更…”:
“A+系动词+形容词比较级+than+B,
eg.Iamtwoyearsolderthanmylittlesister.
“A+谓语动词+副词比较级+than+B:
eg.Shegetstoschoolearlierthantheotherstudents.
②用于两者之间的同级比较,表示“…和…一样”:
“A+系动词+as+形容词原级+as+B,
eg.Billisasfunnyashisfather.
“A+谓语动词+as+副词原级+as+B”
eg.LucyspeaksChineseaswellasLily.
③表示甲在某方面不如乙:
“A+系动词+notas/so+形容i司原级+as十B”
eg.Thesebooksaren’tasinterestingasthose.
“A+助动词/情态动词+not+谓语动词+aS/SO+B”
eg.Shedidn’tsingsOwellthatnightassheusuallydoes.
④表示某个范围内的两者相比:
“A十动词十the+比较级+of短语(比较范围)”eg.Pennyisthetallerofthetwogirls.Penny是这两个女孩中较高的一个。
⑤表示“越来越…”:
“比较级+and+比较级”
eg.Inspringthedaysaregettinglongerandlonger.在春天,白天变得越来越长。
⑥表示“越…越…”:
“the+比较级…the+比较级”
eg.Themort:
youpracticeusingEnglish,thebetteryou’lllearnit你英语练得越多,就会学得越好。
①可以用much,far,even,abit,ali