1非谓语动词S327Word格式文档下载.docx
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完成
tohavebeendoing
动名词
doing
beingdone
sb.或sb’sdoing
作主语要用
sb’sdoing
在前加not
特别注意复合结构的否定式：
sb’snotdoing
sb’snothavingdone
havingdone
havingbeendone
现在分词
与动名词变化形式相同
注意:
1.英语一句话只能有一个主谓结构
如果出现更多动词：
加连词（and/but/so…）
放入从句
2.变为非谓语动词
判定题目是否考察非谓语
非谓语动词题目三步走：
谓语动词/句型的要求
主被动关系
时间先后顺序
Hewalkeddownthehills,_softlytohimself.
A.singB.sings
C.singingD.wassinging
Hewalkeddownthehills,and_softlytohimself.
A.singB.sings
C.singingD.wassinging
Stoprunningandyouwillfeelyourheart_fasterthanever.
A.beatB.beating
C.beatenD.wasbeating
Havingpassedallthetests,shefeltagreatweight_offhermind.
A.takingB.taken
C.takeD.tobetaken
做定语相当于粗略的定语从句
Thegirlwhois________inthecornerisadorable.（sit）
Wevisitedatemplewhichwas_________200yearsago.（build）
Thevegetableswhicharesoldinthisshoparegrownwithoutchemicals.
Thehouseswhicharebeingbuiltareforthesurvivorsinthequake.
Thegirlwhohaspassedtheexamismygf.错（完成式不能作定语）
anexcitingnewsabrokenheartamovingfilmthemovedaudienceaninterestingstoryasatisfiedsmile
-ing形容词多修饰物-ed形容词多修饰人或与人有关的物
Everyone
was
_____
by
the
______story.（move）
He
_______
with
________
person.（annoy）
----Didyouenjoyyourselfattheparty?
----Yes.I’veneverbeento_onebefore.
（06四川）
A.amoreexcited
B.themostexcited
C.amoreexciting
D.themostexciting
Poorboy!
His_looksand_hands
suggestedhewasveryafraid.
A.frightening;
trembling
B.frightened;
trembled
C.frightening;
D.frightened;
trembling
Theproblems_atthemeetingtomorrowarereallyhardtosolve.
A.discussedB.todiscuss
C.tobediscussedD.discussing
Theflowers__sweetinthegardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.（2004上海）
A.tosmellB.smelling
C.smeltD.tobesmelt
Mr.Greenstoodupindefenseofthe16-year-oldboy,sayingthathewasnottheone__.（2006安徽）
A.blamedB.blaming
C.toblameD.tobeblamed
主动表被动:
感官动词smell/sound/taste...blame/worth/worthy/worthwhile
使役动词
have/make/let+sth./sb.doing/do/done
get/leave+sth./sb.doing/done/todo
keepsb./sthdoing/done
MymothermakesmelearnEnglisheveryday.
IammadetolearnEnglisheveryday.
作状语
totell（you）thetruth
tobehonest
tobefrank
tospeakfrankly
tobegin/startwith
strangetosay
needlesstosay
Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only_____thefilmstarshad
left.（04福建）
A.totellB.tobetold
C.tellingD.told
Hehurriedtothebookingoffice,only_____thatalltheticketshadbeensold
out.（06陕西）
A.totellB.tobetold
C.tellingD.told
Hewasbusywritingastory,only______onceinawhiletosmokeacigarette.
A.tostopB.stopping
C.tohavestoppedD.havingstopped
以doing为例
（与谓语比）
时间先后
（和主语）
主被动
同时,基本同时
同时
之前
Wesatonthehighhillockandlistenedtotheoldstory.
Wesatonthehighhillock,listeningtotheoldstory.
Assoonasweheardthenews,allChinesepeoplegotexcited.
Hearingthenews,allChinesepeoplegotexcited.
Hehadbrokenupwithhisgf.Hedatedwithanothergirl.
Havingbrokenupwithhisgf,hedatedwithanothergirl.
Hisgfdumpedhim.Hedatedwithanothergirl.
Havingbeendumpedbyhisgf,hedatedwithanothergirl.
Ifyouworkhard,you’llsucceed.
Workinghard,you’llsucceed.
Workhare,andyou’llsucceed.
Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.
Ifyoulookfromthehill,you’llfindthecitylookslikeanant.
Lookingfromthehill,you’llfindthecitylookslikeanant.
_____theletter,hewentouttopostit.
A.Writing B.Beingwritten
C.HavingwrittenD.Written
_____fullpreparations,wedecidedtoputoffthemeetingtillnextweek.
A.Wehadnotmade
B.Havingnotmade
C.Notmade
D.Nothavingmade
done作状语被动关系
不强调时间先后
______inaredskirtintheopeningceremony
ofthe2008OlympicGames,thelittlegirl
LinMiaokewontheheartsofthepeople
allovertheworld.
A.DressedB.Worn
C.DressingD.Wearing
“穿戴”：
wear/puton/dress
wear状态,“穿着”,
puton动作,“穿上”,
dress动作,“给…穿衣”dresssb.
状态,sb.bedressedin…
“坐”：
sit/seat
sb.sit,Isithere.
sb.beseated,Iamseatedhere.
sit=beseated
WhenIarrived,Ifoundtheboy_.
A.seatingB.seated
C.isseatingD.sits
Ifoundtheboywasseated
Ifoundtheboywassitting.
I’mhappyforyourtellingmethetruth.
I’mangryforyournottellingmethetruth.
Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto_____.
A.thethiefhavingcaught
B.catchthethief
C.thethief’sbeingcaught
D.thethieftobecaught
_______themeetinghimselfgavethemagreatdealofencouragement.
A.Thepresidentwillattend
B.Thepresidenttoattend
C.Thepresidentattended
D.Thepresident’sattending
Leavesfallinghereandthere,Isuddenlynoticeautumnisdrawing
upon.
Taskcompleted,we’llhaveaglobaltraveling.
Thecountryhasalreadysentupthreeunmannedspacecraft,themostrecent
__attheendoflastMarch.（2007山东）
A.hasbeenlaunched
B.havingbeenlaunched
C.beinglaunched
D.tobelaunched
Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,theirlessons_for
theday.（07重庆）
A.finishingB.finished
C.hadfinishedD.werefinished
作主语视为单数
Togotobedearlyandtogetupearly_____agoodhabitforus.
AareBisCwasDwere
对等原则，主语和表语形式一致
眼见为实。
Seeingisbelieving.
Toseeistobelieve.
特殊疑问词+todo
Givemewheretostand,andI’llmove
theworld.
With/without+名词、代词+不定式:
Withsomuchworktodo,Icannotspareaminute
Tomcouldnotfinishitwithoutmetohelphim.
Withsomuchhomeworktodo,wehavetogohomeassoonaspossible.
With/without+名词、代词+doing:
Withoutanyonenoticing,Istoleintotheroom.
Withsomanychildrentalkingandlaughing,Icould’tsettledowntomywork.
Withthebabycrying,Icouldn’tsleep.
With/without+名词、代词+done:
Withthedoorshut,Ispentthewholedaypreparingalongreport.
Withallmysavingsusedup,Ihavetoborrow.
Withallmyhomeworkfinished,Iamtired.
句子构成
S+V+O+O主谓宾宾
S+V+O+OC主谓宾宾补
S+V主谓
S+V（系动词）+P主系表
非谓语动词指不能单独做谓语，但同时保留动词某些特征的动词形式，其形式有，todo/doing/done三类，它们没有人称和数的变化，但是可以有自己的主语，宾语或其它成分.
1．非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有：
（1）如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用，例如：
Theybuiltagarden.
（2）都可以被状语修饰：
Thesuitfitshimverywell.
Thesuitusedtofithimverywell.
（3）都有主动与被动,“体”式（一般式；
进行式；
完成式）的变化。
例如：
Hewaspunishedbyhisparents.（谓语动词被动语态）
Heavoidedbeingpunishedbyhisparents.（动名词的被动式）
Wehavewrittenthecomposition.（谓语动词的完成时）
Havingwrittenthecomposition,wehandeditin.（现在分词的完成式）
（4）都可以有逻辑主语
Theystartedtheworkatonce.（谓语动词的逻辑主语）
Thebossorderedthemtostartthework.（动词不定式的逻辑主语）
WeareLeaguemembers.（谓语动词的主语）
WebeingLeaguemember,theworkwaswelldone.
（现在分词的逻辑主语）
2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有：
（1）非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定式和动名词），在句中做主语、宾语、表语。
（2）非谓语动词可以有形容词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。
（3）非谓语动词可以有副词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中作状语。
（4）谓语动词在句中作谓语，受主语的人称和数的限制；
非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语，它不受主语的人称和数的限制。
（二）非谓语动词的句法功能：
二、非谓语动词用法：
（一）动词不定式：
todo，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。
1．不定式的形式：
（以动词write为例）
否定式：
not+（to）do
（1）一般式：
不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后发生， 例如：
Howiwishtotravelaroundtheworld!
I'
mgladtomeetyou.
Heseemstoknowalot.
Weplantopayavisit.
Hewantstobeanartist.
Thepatientaskedtobeoperatedonatonce.
Theteacherorderedtheworktobedone.
HowIwishtotravelaroundtheworld!
Theshopexpectstomakeasmallprofitthisyear.
（2）进行式：
不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如：
tobedoing
Theboypretendedtobeworkinghard.
Heseemstobereadinginhisroom.
Heseemstobethinkingdeeply,withoutnoticingmepassingbyher.
（3）完成式：
不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如：
tohavedone
Iregrettedtohavetoldalie.
Ihappenedtohaveseenthefilm.
Heispleasedtohavemethisfriend.
GaryissaidtohaveexploredontheAmazonRiver.
Iamsorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.
（4）完成式：
不定式的完成进行式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如：
Robinisknowntohavebeenstudyingabroadforawhile,butwedon’tknowwhichcountry.
Sheissaidtohavebeenworkinginthatfactoryfortwelveyears.
Sheissaidtohavebeenworkingonthatproblemformanyyears.
（5）完成式：
It’sagreathonortobeinvitedtotheparty.
Theradioneedstoberepaired.
Alltheworkrequirestobecompletednextweek.
Idon’twishtobeinterruptedinmywork.
Heisthefirsttobefired.
Thebookisnotallowedtobetakenoutofthelibrary.
Tomistheonlytobescolded.
Thewindowglassistosupposedtohavebeenbrokenbyhim.
Theroomseemstohavebeenbrokeninto.
不定式的句法功能：
（1）作主语：
Tofinishtheworkintenminutesisveryhard.
Toloseyourheartmeansfailure.
ToliveinChinaisMrLi‘sdream.
Tostoptheworknowseemsimpossible.
注意：
动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，例如上面两句可用如下形式：
Itisveryhardtofinishtheworkintenminutes.
Itmeansfailuretol
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