全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题及答案.docx
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全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题及答案
2018年考研英语
(二)试题及参考答案
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
WhydopeoplereadnegativeInternetcommentsanddootherthingsthatwillobviouslybepainful?
Becausehumanshaveaninherentneedto1uncertainty,accordingtoarecentstudyinPsychologicalScience.Thenewresearchrevealsthattheneedtoknowissostrongthatpeoplewill2tosatisfytheircuriosityevenwhenitiscleartheanswerwill3.
Inaseriesoffourexperiments,behavioralscientistsattheUniversityofChicagoandtheWisconsinSchoolofBusinesstested.Student’swillingnessto4themselvestounpleasantstimuliinanefforttosatisfycuriosity.Forone5eachparticipantwasshownapileofpensthattheresearcherclaimedwerefromapreviousexperiment.Thetwist?
Halfofthepenswould6anelectricshockwhenclicked.
Twenty-sevenstudentsweretoldwhichpenswereelectrified,anothertwenty-sevenweretoldonlythatsomewereelectrified7leftaloneintheroom,thestudentswhodidnotknowwhichoneswouldshockthemclickedmorepensandincurredmoreshocksthanthestudentswhoknewwhatwould8subsequentexperimentsreproduced,thiseffectwithotherstimuli9thesoundoffingernailsonachalkboardandphotographsofdisgustinginsects.
Thedriveto_10_isdeeplyrootedinhumans.Muchthesameasthebasicdrivesfor_11_orshelter,saysChristopherHseeoftheUniversityofChicagoCuriosityisoftenconsideredagoodinstinct-itcan_12_NewScientificadvances,forinstance-butsometimessuch_13_canbackfire,theinsightthatcuriositycandriveyoutodo_14_thingsisaprofoundone.
Unhealthycuriosityispossibleto15,however,inafinalexperiment,participantswhowereencouragedto16howtheywouldfeelafterviewinganunpleasantpicturewerelesslikelyto17toseesuchanimage.Theseresultssuggestthatimaginingthe18offollowingthroughonone’scuriosityaheadoftimecanhelpdetermine19itisworththeendeavor.”Thinkingaboutlong-term20iskeytoreducingthepossiblenegativeeffectsofcuriosity.Hseesays“inotherwords,don’treadonlinecomments”.
1.[A]Protect[B]resolve[C]discuss[D]ignore
2.[A]refuse[B]wait[C]regret[D]seek
3.[A]hurt[B]last[C]mislead[D]rise
4.[A]alert[B]tie[C]treat[D]expose
5.[A]message[B]review[C]trial[D]concept
6.[A]remove[B]weaken[C]interrupt[D]deliver
7.[A]when[B]if[C]though[D]unless
8.[A]continue[B]happen[C]disappear[D]change
9.[A]ratherthan[B]regardlessof[C]suchas[D]owingto
10.[A]discover[B]forgive[C]forget[D]disagree
11.[A]pay[B]marriage[C]schooling[D]food
12.[A]leadto[B]reston[C]learnfrom[D]beginwith
13.[A]withdrawal[B]persistence[C]inquiry[D]diligence
14.[A]self-reliant[B]self-destructive[C]self-evident[D]self-deceptive
15.[A]define[B]resist[C]replace[D]trace
16.[A]overlook[B]predict[C]design[D]conceal
17.[A]remember[B]promise[C]choose[D]pretend
18.[A]relief[B]plan[C]duty[D]outcome
19.[A]why[B]whether[C]where[D]how
20.[A]consequences[B]investments[C]strategies[D]limitations
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
ItiscuriousthatStephenKoziatekfeelsalmostasthoughhehastojustifyhiseffortstogivehisstudentsabetterfuture.
Mr.Koziatekispartofsomethingpioneering.HeisateacherataNewHampshirehighschoolwherelearningisnotsomethingofbooksandtestsandmechanicalmemorization,butpractical.Whendiditbecomeacceptedwisdomthatstudentsshouldbeabletonamethe13thpresidentoftheUnitedStatesbutbeutterlyoverwhelmedbyabrokenbikechain?
AsKoziatekknows,thereislearninginjustabouteverything.Nothingisnecessarilygainedbyforcingstudentstolearngeometryatagraffitieddeskstuckwithgenerationsofdiscardedchewinggum.Theycanalsolearngeometrybyassemblingabicycle.
Buthe’salsofoundakindofinsidiousprejudice.Workingwithyourhandsisseenasalmostamarkofinferiority.Schoolsinthefamilyofvocationaleducation“havethatstereotype...thatit’sforkidswhocan’tmakeitacademically,”hesays.
Ononehand,thatviewpointisalogicalproductofAmerica’sevolution.Manufacturingisnottheeconomicenginethatitoncewas.ThejobsecuritythattheUSeconomyonceofferedtohighschoolgraduateshaslargelyevaporated.Moreeducationisthenewprinciple.Wewantmoreforourkids,andrightfullyso.
Buttheheadlongpushintobachelor’sdegreesforall–andthesubtledevaluingofanythingless–missesanimportantpoint:
That’snottheonlythingtheAmericaneconomyneed.Yes,abachelor’sdegreeopensmoredoors.Butevennow,54percentofthejobsinthecountryaremiddle-skilljobs,suchasconstructionandhigh-skillmanufacturing.Butonly44percentofworkersareadequatelytrained.
Inotherwords,atatimewhentheworkingclasshasturnedthecountryonitspoliticalhead,frustratedthattheopportunitythatoncedefinedAmericaisvanishing,oneobvioussolutionisstaringusintheface.Thereisagapinworking-classjobs,buttheworkerswhoneedthosejobsmostaren’tequippedtodothem.Koziatek’sManchesterschoolofTechnologyHighSchoolistryingtofillthatgap.
Koziatek’sschoolisawake-upcall.Wheneducationbecomesone-size-fits-all,itrisksoverlookinganation’sdiversityofgifts.
21.Abrokenbikechainismentionedtoshowstudents’lackof.
[A]practicalability
[B]academictraining
[C]pioneeringspirit
[D]mechanicalmemorization
22.Thereexiststheprejudicethatvocationaleducationisforkidswho.
[A]haveastereotypedmind
[B]havenocareermotivation
[C]arenotacademicallysuccessful
[D]arefinanciallydisadvantaged
23.WecaninferfromParagraph5thathighschoolgraduates.
[A]usedtohavebigfinancialconcerns
[B]usedtohavemorejobopportunities
[C]arereluctanttoworkinmanufacturing
[D]areentitledtomoreeducationalprivileges
24.Theheadlongpushintobachelor'sdegreesforall.
[A]helpscreatealotofmiddle-skilljobs
[B]maynarrowthegapinworking-classjobs
[C]isexpectedtoyieldabetter-trainedworkforce
[D]indicatestheovervaluingofhighereducation
25.Theauthor'sattitudetowardKoziatek’sschoolcanbedescribedas.
[A]supportive
[B]tolerant
[C]disappointed
[D]cautious
Text2
Whilefossilfuels—stillgenerateroughly85percentoftheworld’senergysupply,it’sclearerthaneverthatthefuturebelongstorenewablesourcessuchaswindandsolar.Themovetorenewablesispickingupmomentumaroundtheworld:
Theynowaccountformorethanhalfofnewpowersourcesgoingonline.
Somegrowthstemsfromacommitmentbygovernmentsandfarsightedbusinessestofundcleanerenergysources.Butincreasinglythestoryisabouttheplummetingpricesofrenewables,especiallywindandsolar.Thecostofsolarpanelshasdroppedby80percentandthecostofwindturbinesbyclosetoone-thirdinthepasteightyears.
Inmanypartsoftheworldrenewableenergyisalreadyaprincipalenergysource.InScotland,forexample,windturbinesprovideenoughelectricitytopower95percentofhomes.Whiletherestoftheworldtakesthelead,notablyChinaandEurope,theUnitedStatesisalsoseeingaremarkableshift.InMarch,forthefirsttime,windandsolarpoweraccountedformorethan10percentofthepowergeneratedintheUS,reportedtheUSEnergyInformationAdministration.
PresidentTrumphasunderlinedfossilfuels—especiallycoal—asthepathtoeconomicgrowth.InarecentspeechinIowa,hedismissedwindpowerasanunreliableenergysource.ButthatmessagedidnotplaywellwithmanyinIowa,wherewindturbinesdotthefieldsandprovide36percentofthestate’selectricitygeneration—andwheretechgiantslikeMicrosoftarebeingattractedbytheavailabilityofcleanenergytopowertheirdatacenters.
Thequestion“Whathappenswhenthewinddoesn’tbloworthesundoesn’tshine?
”hasprovidedaquickput-downforskeptics.Butaboostinthestoragecapacityofbatteriesismakingtheirabilitytokeeppowerflowingaroundtheclockmorelikely.
Theadvanceisdriveninpartbyvehiclemanufacturers,whoareplacingbigbetsonbattery-poweredelectricvehicles.Althoughelectriccarsarestillararityonroadsnow,thismassiveinvestmentcouldchangethepicturerapidlyincomingyears.
Whilethere’salongwaytogo,thetrendlinesforrenewablesarespiking.Thepaceofchangeinenergysourcesappearstobespeedingup—perhapsjustintimetohaveameaningfuleffectinslowingclimatechange.WhatWashingtondoes—ordoesn’tdo—topromotealternativeenergymaymeanlessandlessatatimeofaglobalshiftinthought.
26.Theword“plummeting”(Line3,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto.
[A]stabilizing
[B]changing
[C]falling
[D]rising
27.AccordingtoParagraph3,theuseofrenewableenergyinAmerica.
[A]isprogressingnotably
[B]isasextensiveasinEurope
[C]facesmanychallenges
[D]hasprovedtobeimpractical
28.ItcanbelearnedthatinIowa,.
[A]windisawidelyusedenergysource
[B]windenergyhasreplacedfossilfuels
[C]techgiantsareinvestingincleanenergy
[D]thereisashortageofcleanenergysupply
29.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutcleanenergyaccordingtoParagraphs5&6?
[A]Itsapplicationhasboostedbatterystorage.
[B]Itiscommonlyusedincarmanufacturing.
[C]Itscontinuoussupplyisbecomingareality.
[D]Itssustainableexploitationwillrem