浙江高考首考英语卷真题及答案解析附详细答案解析docx.docx
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浙江高考首考英语卷真题及答案解析附详细答案解析docx
2021年1月浙江省普通高校招生学考科目考试英语试题及答案
第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
Morethan25yearsago,SarooBrierleylivedinrural（农村）India.Oneday,heplayedwithhisbrotheralongtheraillineandfellasleep.Whenhewokeupandfoundhimselfalone,the4-year-olddecidedhisbrothermightbeonthetrainhesawinfrontofhim-sohegoton.
Thattraintookhimathousandmilesacrossthecountrytoatotallystrangecity.Helivedonthestreets,andtheninanorphanage（孤儿院）.There,hewasadoptedbyanAustralianfamilyandflowntoTasmania.
Ashewritesinhisnewbook,ALongWayHome,Brierleycouldn'thelpbutwonderabouthishometownbackinIndia.Herememberedlandmarks,butsincehedidn'tknowhistown'sname,findingasmallneighborhoodinavastcountryprovedtobeimpossible.
Thenhefoundadigitalmappingprogram.Hespentyearssearchingforhishometownintheprogram'ssatellitepictures.In2011,hecameacrosssomethingfamiliar.Hestudieditandrealizedhewaslookingatatown'scentralbusinessdistrictfromabird's-eyeview.Hethought,"Ontheright-handsideyoushouldseethethree-platformtrainstation,,一andthereitwas."Andontheleft-handsideyoushouldseeabigfountain"-andthereitwas.Everythingjuststartedtomatch.
Whenhestoodinfrontofthehousewherehegrewupasachild,hesawaladystandingintheentrance."There'ssomethingaboutme,"hethought一andittookhimafewsecondsbuthefinallyrememberedwhatsheusedtolooklike.
InaninterviewBrierleysays,"MymotherlookedsomuchshorterthanIremembered.Butshecameforthandwalkedforward,andIwalkedforward,andmyfeelingsandtearsandthechemicalinmybrain,youknow,itwaslikeanuclearfusion（核聚变）.Ijustdidn'tknowwhattosay,becauseIneverthoughtseeingmymotherwouldevercometrue.AndhereIam,standinginfrontofher.''
1.WhywasBrierleyseparatedfromhisfamilyabout25yearsago?
A.Hegotonatrainbymistake.
B.Hegotlostwhileplayinginthestreet.
C.Hewastakenawaybyaforeigner.
D.HewasadoptedbyanAustralianfamily.
2.HowdidBrierleyfindhishometown?
A.Byanalyzingoldpictures.
B.BytravellingallaroundIndia.
C.Bystudyingdigitalmaps
D.Byspreadinghisstoryviahisbook.
3.WhatdoesBrierleymainlytalkaboutintheinterview?
A.Hisloveforhismother.
B.Hisreunionwithhismother.
C.Hislongwaybackhome.
D.Hismemoryofhishometown.
【答案】LA2.C3.B
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。
文章主要讲述了布尔利小时候意外走失，长大后通过自己努力找回家人的故事。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。
根据第一段最后一句"Whenhewokeupandfoundhimselfalone:
the4-year-olddecidedhisbrothermightbeonthetrainhesawinfrontofhim-sohegoton.（当他醒来发现自己一个人时：
4岁的孩子判断他哥哥可能在他前面看到的火车上，所以他上了车）”以及第二段中“Thattraintookhimathousandmilesacrossthecountrytoatotallystrangecity.（那列火车把他带到了一个千里迢迢之外的陌生城市）”可知，布尔利在25年前和家人分开是因为他误上了火车。
故选A项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。
通过文章第四段“Thenhefoundadigitalmappingprogram.Hespentyearssearchingforhishometownintheprogram'ssatellitepictures,（然后他找到了一个数字地图程序。
他花了数年时间在该节目的卫星图片中寻找家乡）”以及uEverythingjuststartedtomatch.（一切都开始匹配了）”可知，布尔利是通过研究数字地图找到家乡的。
故选C项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。
通过文章最后一段"InaninterviewBrierleysays:
"MymotherlookedsomuchshorterthanIremembered.Butshecameforthandwalkedforward,andIwalkedforward,andmyfeelingsandtearsandthechemicalinmybrain,youknow:
itwaslikenuclearfusion（核聚变）.justdidn'tknowwhattosay:
becauseIneverthoughtseeingmymotherwouldevercometrue.AndhereIam,standinginfrontofher.（在一次采访中，布尔利说：
“我妈妈看起来比我记忆中矮多了。
但是她走了出来，朝我走来，我也向着她走去，我的感情、眼泪和大脑里的化学物质，你知道的：
就像发生了核聚变。
只是不知道该说些什么：
因为我从没想过见到我母亲会成为现实。
我就在这里，站在她面前。
）”可知，作者在采访中讲述了他和母亲的团聚。
故选B项。
B
Atthestartofthe20thcentury,anAmericanengineernamedJohnElfrethWatkinsmadepredictionsaboutlifetoday.Hispredictionsaboutslowingpopulationgrowth,mobilephonesandincreasingheightwereclosetothemark.Buthewaswronginoneprediction:
thateverybodywouldwalk10milesaday.
Today,inAustralia,mostchildrenonaveragefall2,000stepsshortofthephysicalactivitytheyneedtoavoidbeingoverweight.Intheearly1970s,40percentofchildrenwalkedtoschool,whilein2010,itwasaslowas15percent.
Thedeclineisnotbecausewehaveallbecomelazy.Familiesarepressedfortime,manywithbothparentsworkingtopayfortheirhouse,oftenworkinghoursnotoftheirchoosing,livingincar-dependentneighborhoodswithlimitedpublictransport.
Theothersideofthecoinisequallyadeprivation:
forhealthandwell-being,aswellaslostopportunities（机会）forchildrentogettoknowtheirlocalsurroundings.Andforparentstherearelostopportunitiestowalkandtalkwiththeiryoungscholarabouttheirday.
Mostparentswillhaveeagerlyaskedtheirchildabouttheirday,onlytomeetwitha"good",quicklyfollowedby"I'mhungry".Thisisalsomyexperienceasamother.Butsomewhereoverthedailywalkmoreaboutmyson'sdaycomesout.Ihearhimmakingsenseoffriendshipanditslimits.Thisistheunexpectedandrareparentalopportunitytohearmore.
Manyprimaryschoolssupportwalkingschool-busroutes（路线）,withdaysofregular,parent-accompaniedwalks.Doingjustoneoftheseafewtimesaweekisbetterthannothing.Itcanbetoughtobeginandtakesalittleplanning-runningshoesbythefrontdoor,lunchesmadethenightbefore,umbrellasonrainydaysandhatsonhotones-butit*scertainlyworthtrying.
4.WhydoestheauthormentionWatkins'predictionsinthefirstparagraph?
A.Tomakecomparisons.B.Tointroducethetopic.
C.Tosupportherargument.D.Toprovideexamples.
5.WhathascausedthedecreaseinAustralianchildren'sphysicalactivity?
A.Plainlaziness.B.Healthproblems.
C.Lackoftime.D.Securityconcerns.
6.Whydoestheauthorfindwalkingwithhersonworthwhile?
A.Shecangetrelaxedafterwork.B.Shecankeepphysicallyfit.
C.Shecanhelpwithherson'sstudy.D.Shecanknowhersonbetter.
【答案】4.B5.C6.D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。
文章通过否定沃特金斯的预言，进而提出现在人们时间的紧缺和陪伴的重要性。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。
通过文章第二段“Today:
inAustralia:
mostchildrenonaveragefall2:
000stepsshortofthephysicalactivitytheyneedtoavoidbeingoverweight.Intheearly1970s,40percentofchildrenwalkedtoschoolwhilein2010,itwasaslowasl5percents今天：
在澳大利亚：
大多数孩子平均比避免超重所需的体力活动少了2000步。
在上世纪70年代初，40%的孩子步行上学，而在2010年，这一比例降至15%）”说明作者根据沃特金斯的预言做了相关调查，并且写下了这篇文章。
通读全文得知作者在第一段提到沃特金斯的预言，是为了介绍文章主题。
故选B项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。
通过文章第三段中uFamiliesarepressedfortime:
manywithbothparentsworkingtopayfortheirhouse,oftenworkinghoursnotoftheirchoosing,livingincar-dependentneighborhoodswithlimitedpublictransport.（家庭日寸「可紧迫：
许多家庭的父母都在为房子买单而工作，工作时间往往不是他们自己选择的，他们住在公共交通有限的依赖汽车的社区）”可知，导致澳大利亚儿童体育活动的减少的原因是时间不够。
故选C项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。
通过文章倒数第二段中"Butsomewhereoverthedailywalkmoreaboutmyson'sdaycomesout.Ihearhimmakingsenseoffriendshipanditslimits.Thisistheunexpectedandrareparentalopportunitytohearmore.（但是，在每天散步的某个地方，更多关于我儿子日常的事情出现了。
我听到他在理解友谊及其局限性。
这是一个意想不到的难得的机会，家长听到更多）”说明作者觉得和儿子一起散步能让她更了解她的儿子。
故选D项。
C
Researcherssaytheyhavetranslatedthemeaningofgesturesthatwildchimpanzees（黑猩猩）usetocommunicate.Theysaywildchimpscommunicate19specificmessagestooneanotherwitha"vocabulary"of66gestures.ThescientistsdiscoveredthisbyfollowingandfilminggroupsofchimpsinUganda,andexaminingmorethan5,000incidentsofthesemeaningfulexchanges.
DrCatherineHobaiter,wholedtheresearch,saidthatthiswastheonlyformofintentionalcommunicationtoberecordedintheanimalkingdom.Onlyhumansandchimps,shesaid,hadasystemofcommunicationwheretheydeliberatelysentamessagetoanothergroupmember.
"That'swhat'ssoamazingaboutchimpgestures,"shesaid."They*retheonlythingthatlookslikehumanlanguageinthatrespect."
Althoughpreviousresearchhasshownthatapesandmonkeyscanunderstandcomplexinformationfromanotheranimal'scall,theanimalsdonotappeartousetheirvoicesintentionallytocommunicatemessages.Thiswasasignificantdifferencebetweencallsandgestures,DrHobaitersaid.
Chimpswillchecktoseeiftheyhavetheattentionoftheanimalwithwhichtheywishtocommunicate.Inonecase,amotherpresentsherfoottohercryingbaby,signaling:
"Climbonme."Theyoungsterimmediatelyjumpsontoitsmothersbackandtheytravelofftogether."Thebigmessagefromthisstudyisthatthereisanotherspecies（物齐中）outthere,thatismeaningfulinitscommunication,sothat'snotuniquetohumans,"saidDrHobaiter.
DrSusanneShultz,anevolutionarybiologistfromtheUniversityofManchester,saidthestudywaspraiseworthyinseekingtoenrichourknowledgeoftheevolutionofhumanlanguage.But,sheadded,theresultswere"alittledisappointing".
"Thevaguenessofthegesturemeaningssuggestseitherthatthechimpshavelittletocommunicate,orwearestillmissingalotoftheinformationcontainedintheirgesturesandactions,"shesaid."Moreover,themeaningsseemtonotgobeyondwhatotheranimalconveywithnon-verbalcommunication.So,itseemsthegulfremains."
7.WhatdochimpsandhumanshaveincommonaccordingtoDrHobaiter?
A.Memorizingspecificwords.B.Understandingcomplexinformation.
C.Usingvoicestocommunicate.D.Communicatingmessagesonpurpose.
8.WhatdidDrShultzthinkofthestudy?
A.Itwaswelldesignedbutpoorlyconducted.
B.Itwasagoodtrybutthefindingswerelimited.
C.Itwasinspiringbuttheevidencewasunreliable.
D.Itwasafailurebutthemethodsdeservedpraise.
9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"gulf'inthelastparagraphmean?
A.Difference.B.Conflict.C.Balance.D.Connection.
10.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitlefor
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