GMATPREP逻辑分析Word格式文档下载.docx
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削弱题
à
原因:
fullerenes要求特别温度和湿度
结论:
thisdiscovery可以检测stateoftheearth’scrustatthetimefullereneswereformed.
正确答案作用:
此discovery对于检测thestateofEarth’scrustatthetimefullerenes没有用
思考:
1.回溯原因:
”discovery有没有用”一定与fullerenes相关,因为本题的最根本原因就是fullerenes.因此一定是fullerenes让thisdiscovery不能来检测地壳状态;
选项分析:
E:
没有提到fullerenes,干掉!
;
B:
有模糊词some,然而文章结论无绝对词,干掉!
C:
fullerenes是如何形成的,跟检测thestateofearth’scrust无关;
A:
是迷惑的选项。
confirming矿石含有fullerenes需要仔细实验,说明要在矿石中发现fullerenes挺麻烦,但是并不能说明发现fullerenes会对检测fullerenes产生影响;
D:
fullerenes晶体结构我们不知道,无法从它来了解thestateofearth’scrust.正确答案!
知识点:
确认原因结论,回溯原因,模糊词汇
词汇扩展:
fissures,crust,meteorite,crystalline
常难句阅读:
ThisdiscoveryshouldgivegeologistsatestcaseforevaluatinghypothesesaboutthestateoftheEarth'
2.(24227-!
000711)
Economist:
Onaverage,theemergencytreatmentforanelderlypersonforinjuriesresultingfromafallcosts$11,000.Anewtherapeuticprogramcansignificantlyreduceanelderlyperson'
schancesoffalling.Thoughobviouslydesirableformanyreasons,thistreatmentprogramwillcost$12,500andthuscannotbejustified.
Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostseriouslyunderminestheconclusionoftheargument
(A)Amongelderlypeoplewhohadfollowedtheprogramforonlyafewmonths,thenumberofseriousfallsreportedwashigherthanitwasforpeoplewhohadfollowedtheprogramforitsrecommendedminimumlengthofoneyear.
(B)Fallsresultinginseriousinjuriesarelesscommonamongelderlypeoplelivinginnursinghomesthantheyareamongelderlypeoplewholivealoneathome.
(C)Afrequentresultofinjuriessustainedinfallsislong-termpain,medicationforwhichisnotcountedamongtheaverageper-personcostsofemergencytreatmentforelderlypeople'
sinjuriesfromsuchfalls.
(D)Thenewtherapeuticprogramfocusesontherapiesotherthanmedication,sinceovermedicationcancausedisorientationandhenceincreasethelikelihoodthatanelderlypersonwillhaveaseriousfall.
(E)Asignificantportionofthecostofthenewtherapeuticprogramisrepresentedbyregularvisitsbyhealthcareprofessionals,thecostsofwhichtendtoincreasemorerapidlythandothoseofotherelementsoftheprogram.
thistreatmentprogramwillcost$12,500
cannotbejustified.
newprogramcanbejustified.
newprogram可不可以被justified,决定因素就是cost的高低,所以答案一定跟钱有关系,特别是cost。
一定是说newprogram的cost其实不高;
没有提到钱,并且比较对象在文中未出现:
peoplewhohadfollowedtheprogramforitsrecommendedminimumlengthofoneyear在文中未出现;
没有提到钱,并且比较对象在文中未出现:
elderlypeoplelivinginnursinghomes
没有提到钱,并且有范围扩大词“otherthan”,文中确定没有提高除medication之外的其它方式,干掉!
提到了钱,意思上是说newprogram中的有一部分cost高于另一部分。
但是比较对象在文中为出现:
hoseofotherelementsoftheprogram.
老的emergencytreatment的cost,有很大一部分没有被算进去,如果被算进去,老的emergencytreatment的cost就会上升,有可能高于newprogram,那newprogramcanbejustified.正确选项。
确认原因结论,回溯原因,无关比较,范围扩大词
词汇扩展:
therapies
Amongelderlypeoplewhohadfollowedtheprogramforonlyafewmonths,thenumberofseriousfallsreportedwashigherthanitwasforpeoplewhohadfollowedtheprogramforitsrecommendedminimumlengthofoneyear.
3.(24275-!
000768)
Theprairievole,asmallNorthAmericangrasslandrodent,breedsyear-round,andagroupofvoleslivingtogetherconsistsprimarilyofanextendedfamily,oftenincludingtwoormorelitters.Volescommonlyliveinlargegroupsfromlateautumnthroughwinter;
fromspringthroughearlyautumn,however,mostvolesliveinfarsmallergroups.Theseasonalvariationingroupsizecanprobablybeexplainedbyaseasonalvariationinmortalityamongyoungvoles.
Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,providesthestrongestsupportfortheexplanationoffered
(A)Itisinthespringandearlysummerthatprairievolecommunitiesgenerallycontainthehighestproportionofyoungvoles.
(B)Prairievolepopulationsvarydramaticallyinsizefromyeartoyear.
(C)Theprairievolesubsistsprimarilyonbroad-leavedplantsthatareabundantonlyinspring.
(D)Wintersintheprairievoles'
habitatareoftenharsh,withtemperaturesthatdropwellbelowfreezing.
(E)Snakes,amajorpredatorofyoungprairievoles,areactiveonlyfromspringthroughearlyautumn.
加强题
解释:
aseasonalvariationinmortalityamongyoungvoles.
现象:
Theseasonalvariationingroupsize
确实是因为seasonalvariationinmortality导致的seasonalvariationingroupsize
1.加强解释有两种方式:
一,“没有此原因就没有此结果”二,“用另外一个原因来解释这个“解释”;
如果是第一种,那答案就是如果mortality不变,groupszie也不变;
如果是第二种,那答案就是解释了为什么“mortalityamongyoungvoles会变化”;
2.第一种答案通常是“类比”;
第二种像“解释题”,无论如何都会出现“新词”“新概念”
A.加强文中的“现象”;
与文中现象类似的另外一种现象;
文章中说在spring,groupsize较小,而C选项却说vole吃的东西只有在spring有;
冬天天气很差,这是一个另外的原因来解释了现象(groupsize),不正确;
有新词新概念,很好。
蛇经常在春天到秋天早期活动。
这解释了为什么mortality会变化,用另外一个原因解释了文章中的“解释(mortality)”。
正确答案;
加强解释
breed,mortality,variation,prairie
Theprairievole,asmallNorthAmericangrasslandrodent,breedsyear-round,andagroupofvoleslivingtogetherconsistsprimarilyofanextendedfamily,oftenincludingtwoormorelitters.
4.(24323-!
000813)
Apopularbeachhaslonghadadolphinfeedingprograminwhichfisharegiventodolphinsseveraltimesaday;
manydolphinsgetasmuchashalfoftheirfoodeachdaythere.Althoughdolphinsthatfirstbenefitfromtheprogramasadultsarehealthyandlong-lived,theiroffspringhavealowerlifeexpectancythanoffspringofdolphinsthatfeedexclusivelyinthewild.
Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mosthelpstoexplainthelowerlifeexpectancyofoffspringofdolphinsfeedingatthebeachcomparedtootheryoungdolphins
(A)Sharksthatpreyondolphinsarelesscommonintheopenseasoffthebeachthaninmanyotherareasoftheopenseaswheredolphinscongregate.
(B)Manyoftheadultdolphinsthatfeedatthebeacharefemalesthatnursetheiroffspringthere.
(C)Thefishgiventothedolphinsatthebeacharethesametypesoffishthatdolphinstypicallycatchinthewild.
(D)Manydolphinsthatfeedatthebeachwiththeiroffspringcometothebeachonlyafewtimesamonth.
(E)Adultdolphinsthatfeedatthebeachspendmuchlesstimeteachingtheiroffspringhowtocatchfishinthewildthandootheradultdolphins.
解释题
需要解释的现象:
Theiroffspringhavealowerlifeexpectancythanoffspringofdolphinsthatfeedexclusivelyinthewild.
现象分析:
1.此现象为一个“比较”的现象,所以优先考虑“比较”的选项;
2.此现象中含有“地点beach”,所以优先考虑含有“地点beach”的选项;
A:
manyother是范围扩大词,文中没有提到过所有的dolphin,并且比较的两个对象与需要解释的现象中的两个对象有差距;
不是比较的选项;
是比较的选项,并且含有地点beach.因为此beach上的成年dolphin比起其它的成年dolphin教后代捕鱼的时间少,所以他们后代的生命更短;
解释现象分析;
dolphin,expectancy,offspring
5.(24371-!
000859)
TigersharksarecommoninthewaterssurroundingTenareIsland.Usuallytigersharksfeedonsmallersharks,butsometimestheyhaveattackedtouristsswimmingandsurfingatTenare'
sbeaches.ThishashurtTenare'
stourismindustry,whichissecondonlytoitsfishingindustryinannualrevenues.Inordertohelptheeconomy,therefore,themayoroftheislandhasproposedanongoingprogramtokillanytigersharkswithinamileofthebeaches.
Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,moststronglycallsintoquestionthelikelihoodthatimplementationofthemayor'
sproposalwillhavethedesiredconsequence
(A)Evenifnotallthetigersharksthatcomeclosetothebeachesarekilled,theexistenceoftheprogramwouldreassuretourists.
(B)Businessownerswhodependontourismarewillingtopaymostofthecostofimplementingtheprogram.
(C)TouristscometoTenareIslandforitsbeaches,eventhoughtheislandfeaturesanumberofothertouristattractions.
(D)Thesmallsharksonwhichtigersharkspreyfeedonfishthatarecommerciallyimportanttotheisland'
sfisheries.
(E)NotalltouristswhocometoTenareIslandenjoyswimmingorsurfing.
措施:
killanytigersharkswithinamileofthebeaches.
目的:
Inordertohelptheeconomy
措施做了之后,有一个新原因(一般文中没有)会让目的达不到;
也就是killtigersharks之后,也不能帮助经济;
1.目的相关选项:
由于正确答案是“帮助不了经济”,所以正确答案一定与经济相关。
2.回溯原因:
文中提到与经济相关的信息就是“tourist”和”fishingindustry”,所以正确答案一定跟这两个信息相关;
A.模糊词:
notall.文中的目的没有模糊词,所以不选;
意思上,reassuretourist是可以帮助经济的,刚好相反;
意思是说措施可行,错!
;
旅行者仍然会来,经济会好,错!
模糊词:
notall.文中的目的没有模糊词,所以不选;
tigersharks吃smallsharks吃fish.所以杀死tigersharks让smallsharks更多,从而让fish更好。
然而fish刚好是commerciallyimportant的,所以killtigersharks不能帮助经济;
正确答案。
削弱措施,模糊词
surf,mayor,implement,commercially
Thesmallsharksonwhichtigersharkspreyfeedonfishthatarecommer