宾语从句专项讲解及练习有答案Word格式.docx
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What’syourtrouble?
What’syourproblem?
What’sup?
What’syourname?
典型例题
1.Canyoutellme____?
A.whomdowehavetoseeB.whomwehavetosee
2.Theteacheraskedthestudents____.
A.whattheyweredoingB.whatweretheydoing
3.Shewantstoknow____.
A.wheredoesheliveB.Wherehelives
4.Herfatherasked_____.
A.whothetallestisB.whoisthetallest
5.Doyouknow____?
A.whatisonthedeskB.whatonthedeskis
答案:
BABBA
2.宾语从句的时态
1).若主句时态是一般现在时,宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。
即从句可用所需任何时态,如:
Idon’tthink(that)youareright.CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?
HesaysMaryisplayingwiththecat.HesaysMaryoftenplayswiththecat.
HesaysMarywillplaywiththecat.Ithinkheleftyesterdaymorning.
2).如果主句的时态是一般过去时,宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)。
例如:
Heaskedwhattimeitwas.
Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.
HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.
HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.
直接引语变间接引语时态的变化:
Hesaid,“Maryisplayingwiththecat.”→HesaidMarywasplayingwiththecat.
Hesaid,“hewillgobacktoChinasoon.”→HesaidhewouldgobacktoChinasoon
3).如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理,其时态常用一般现在时,不受主句时态的限制。
OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.
Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.
Theteachersaid,“themoonmovesaroundthesun.”
→Theteachersaidthatthemoonmovesaroundthesun.
Hesaid,“lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.”
→Hesaidlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.
【讲解】告诉学生,宾语从句的时态问题仍然只是时态的问题,跟宾语从句其实没啥关系,请不要把这
个当作新的知识点来讲,请用时态的知识点来讲。
4).当主句为Couldyou(please)tellus-----?
时,只表示语气,而不表示过去时态。
典型例题
用所给词的适当形式填空
1.Hesaysthathe_________(read)now.
2.Canyoutellmeifthey_________(finish)theworkalready?
3.DouyouknowwhereJohn________(go)yesterday?
4.Mysistertoldmeshe_________(be)freetomorrow.
5.Iwantedtoknowifyou__________(like)themovie.
6.Theteachertoldustheearth_________(go)aroundthesun.
7.Couldyoutellmeifthere__________(be)ahospitalnearhere?
isreadinghavefinishedwentwouldbelikedgoes
3.宾语从句的连接词
1)、That只起连接作用,在句子中不做句子成分,在口语中常被省略
2)、If和whether起连接作用,不做句子成分。
(注意:
与不定式连用;
做介词的宾语;
与ornot连用-----用whether)。
3)、疑问词who、what、when、where、whom、whose、why、how、
which在句子中既起连接作用,又做句子成分。
4)当主句为Couldyou(please)tellus-----?
4..主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.
Ithinkheisn’tastudent.×
Idon’tthinkheisastudent.√
Idon’tthinkheisastudent.ishe?
如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.
Wefindthatheneverlistenstotheteachercarefully,doeshe?
典型例题
1.Ithinkheisagoodteacher,_____________.(反意疑问句)
I_________thinkhe________goodteacher.(将上句变否定句)
2.Idon’tknowifhe________(come)tomorrow
ifhe_______(come),Iwillhaveapartyforhim
3.DoyouknowwhenMary____________(arrive)?
Whenshe_____(arrive),pleasetellme
4.CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?
Canyoutellme___________________therailwaystation?
isn’thedon’tiswillcomecomeswillarrivearriveshowtogetto
5.宾语从句的句型转换
1).陈述句变为that引导的宾语从句
e.g.1.Hesaid,“YouareyoungerthanI”.HesaidthatIwasyoungerthanhim.
2.Hesays,“Tomisagoodstudent”.HesaysthatTomisagoodstudent.
2).一般疑问句变为if/whether引导的宾语从句
(将普通的一般疑问句变成宾语从句if/whether连接,同时变成陈述句语序。
)
e.g.1.Shesaid,“Doyouoftencomeheretoreadnewspaper?
”
Shesaidif(whether)Ioftencameheretoreadnewspaper
2.“WilltheygotovisittheGreatWall?
”heasked.
Heaskedif(whether)theywouldgovisittheGreatWall.
3).特殊疑问句变为who,what,when等引导的宾语从句
(将普通的特殊疑问句变成宾语从句时,从句的语序要由疑问句变成陈述句的语序。
e.g.1.Heasked,“Wheredoyoulive?
”HeaskedwhereIlived.
2.“Howcanwegettothepost-office?
”heasked.Heaskedhowtheycouldgettothepost-office.
4).祈使句变为引导的宾语从句
(将祈使句变为宾语从句时,用ask/tell/ordersb(not)todosth等转述。
e.g.1.MrGreensaidtohisson,“Openthedoor.”MrGreentoldhissontoopenthedoor.
2.Thepoliceshoutedtohim,“Handsup.”Thepoliceorderedhimtoputuphishands.
(一)当主句的谓语动词为一般过去时时,直接引语变为间接引语的时态变化如下:
直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时
一般过去时
现在进行时
过去进行时
过去完成时
现在完成时
一般将来时
过去将来时
2)人称的变化
(1).直接引语中第一人称在间接引语中应与主句的主语人称一致。
Shesaid,“Iliketennis.”→Shesaidthatshelikedtennis.
(2).直接引语中第二人称在间接引语中应与主句的宾语人称一致。
Hesaidtolily,“Youhavetogetupearly.”→Hetoldlilythatshehadtogetupearly.
(3).直接引语中第三人称在间接引语中保持不变。
Hesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim.”→Hetoldtometheywantedtohelphim.”
【讲解】
(口诀:
一主,二宾,三不变)
典型例题
1.Theradiosaysit_________cloudytomorrow.(be)
2.Theheadmasterhopeseverything______well.(go)
3.Tomsaysthatthey____________(play)basketballatsixo’clockyesterdayevening.
4.Ihearthey__________(return)italready.
5.Hesaidthatthey_________membersofthePartysince1948.(be)
6.Heaskedwhatthey__________ateightlastnight.(do)
7.Theteachertoldhisclassthatlight_______fasterthansound.(travel)
8.Ithinkyou__________abouttherelayracenow.(talk)
9.Ididn’tknowwhomtheletters_________from.(be)
10.Ididn’tknowwhattimehe_______theletter.(write)
11.MissWangtoldmethattheearth______(move)roundtheearth.
12.Couldyoutellmewho_________awaythebookalready?
(take)
13.LingFengtoldmehe_________toseveraltimes.(be)
14.Ourteachertoldusinclassthesun_______intheeast.(rise)
15.Canyoutellmewhatthey______yesterday?
(do)
willbegoeswereplayinghasreturnedhadbeen
weredoingtravelsaretalkingwerewrote
moveshastakenhasbeenrisesdid
课堂检测
Choosethebestanswer.
()1.MissGreendidn’ttellus_____in2009.
A.wheredoessheliveB.whereshelives
C.wheredidsheliveD.whereshelived
()2.Wouldyoupleasetellme_____?
A.whendidhecomehomeB.wherehewouldplayfootball
C.ifhehadseenthefilmD.whyhedidn’twatchthegame
()3.Idon’tknowwhen_____.
A.willthetrainleaveB.thetrainwillleave
C.wouldthetrainleaveD.thetrainleave
()4.---Wedon’tknow______.
---ItissaidthathewasborninSweden.
A.whatheisB.ifheliveshere
C.wherehecomesfromD.whichcountryishefrom
()5.Doyouknow______duringthecomingsummerholiday?
A.whatwillTomdoB.whatdidTomdo
C.whatTomwilldoD.whatTomdid
()6.Iwanttoknow_____.
A.whatishisnameB.what’shisname
C.thathisnameisD.whathisnameis
()7.Couldyoutellme_____thebikethismorning?
A.howdoeshemendB.howhemends
C.howhemendedD.howdidhemend
()8.Youcan’timagine_____whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.
A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywere
C.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited
()9.Everymorningthepatientsareaskedif______theirtemperaturetaken.
A.theyhadhadB.havetheyhad
C.theyhavehadD.hadtheyhad
()10.It’suptoyoutodecide______you’llgothere,byairorbyroad.
A.howB.whyC.thatD.when
Keys:
1-5.DDBCC6-10.DCBCA
四.学法总结
宾语从句须注意,
几点事项应牢记。
一是关键引导词,
不同句子词相异。
陈述句子用that;
一般疑问是否(if,whether)替;
特殊问句更好办,
引导还用疑问词。
二是时态常变化,
主句不同从句异。
主句若为现在时,
从句时态应看意;
主句若为过去时,
从句时态向前移。
【经典】近年上海中考宾语从句真题
7.Themanagerthatthebusinesswouldbeworseafterthestock(股票)wentdown.(02)
C
A.talkedB.toldCsaidD.spoke,
15.I'
dliketoknow(02)
A.whenwillhegivebackthetape
B.whetherhashereceivedhighereducation
Cthathehasbeenbusy
D.whethershewilljoininourEnglishEvening
D
50.ProfessorNelsonwantedtoknow______.(05)
A)whenwouldtheconferencebegin
B)whentheconferencewouldbegin
C)whenwilltheconferencebegin
D)Whentheconferencewillbegin
B
49.Ourclassteacheraskedthemonitor______.(06)
A)whydidn’tBillcometoschoolB)whydoesn’tBillcometoschool
C)whyBilldidn’tcometoschoolD)whyBilldoesn’tcometoschool
40.I_____youalreadythatwashinghandsoftenwillhelppreventA-H1N1Flu.(09)
A)tellB)toldC)havetoldD)amtelling
48.Couldyoupleasetellus________inShanghai?
(09)
A)whenwillyouvisittheWorldExpo
B)whenyouwillvisittheWorldExpo
C)whentheWorldExpowillyouvisit
D)WhentheWorldExpoyouwillvisit
48.Iwanttoknow__________.(10)
A)whenweshouldarriveattheairport.
B)Whenshouldwearriveattheairport.
C)Whentheairportweshouldarriveat.
D)Whentheairportshouldwearriveat.
A
【经典】近四年一、二模中考真题
1.Aftertheaccident,citizensarewonderingabout____________totheseriousevents.(奉贤区一模43)B
A.willthegovernmenttakeactionB.howwillthegovernmenttakeaction
C.howthegovernmentwilltakeactionD.ifwillthegovernmenttakeaction
2.Ifyoutravelaroundtheworld,youwillbesurprisedat________.(徐汇区一模43)A
A)howdifferenttheforeigncustomsare
B)howtheforeigncustomsaredifferent
C)howdifferentaretheforeigncustoms
D)howaretheforeigncustomsdifferent
3.A:
Couldyoutellme______?
(嘉定一模43)C
B:
Sure.Walkstraightalongthisst