专业英语四级阅读22Word文件下载.docx
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theheadmasterwouldtellus."
Iwantthewholeplacecleanedup,atonce!
Therewasenoughworkthere,tolastforoveraweek.Especiallysincetheonlytoolswithwhichwewereprovidedwereourhands,ourfingers,ournails."
Nowseethatit'
sdoneproperly,andbequickaboutit,"
theheadmasterwouldsaytotheolderpupils,"
oryou'
llhavetoanswerforit!
Soatanorderfromtheolderboyswewouldalllineuplikepeasantsabouttocutandgatherincrops.Iftheworkwasnotgoingasquicklyastheheadmasterexpected,thebigboys,insteadofgivingusahelpinghand,usedtofinditsimplertowhipuswithbranchespulledfromthetrees.Inordertoavoidtheseblows,weusedtobribeourtyrantswiththejuicycakesweusedtobringforourmiddaymeal.Andifwehappenedtohaveanymoneyonusthecoinschangedhandsatonce.Ifwedidnotdothis,ifwewereafraidofgoinghomewithanemptystomachoranemptypurse,theblowswerere-doubled.Theyhitussoviolentlyandwithsuchdevilishenjoymentthatevenadeafanddumbpersonwouldhaverealizedthatwewerebeingfloggednotsomuchtomakeusworkharder,butrathertobeatusintoastateofobedienceinwhichwewouldbeonlytoogladtogiveupourfoodandmoney.
Occasionallyoneofus,wornoutbysuchcalculatedcruelty,wouldhavethecouragetocomplaintotheheadmaster.Hewouldofcoursebeangry,butthepunishmenthegavetheolderboyswasalwaysverysmall—nothingcomparedtowhattheyhaddonetous.Andthefactisthathowevermuchwecomplainedoursituationdidnotimproveintheslightest,Perhapsweshouldhaveletourparentsknowwhatwasgoingon,butsomehowweneverdreamedofdoingso;
Idon'
tknowwhetheritwasloyaltyorpridethatkeptussilent,butIcanseenowthatwewerefoolishtokeepquietaboutit,forsuchbeatingswerecompletelyforeigntoournature.（分数：
（1）.Fromthewaytheheadmasterspoke,wecanlearnthat
∙A.hewasorderingtheolderboystodotheworkatonce.
∙B.heactuallyexpectedeveryonetojointhework.
∙C.hedidnotcarewhodidtheworkprovideditwasdonequicklyandproperly.
∙D.hewantedtheolderboystotaketheresponsibilityratherthanworkthemselves.
（分数：
5.00）
A.
B.
C.
√
D.
解析：
推理判断题。
第二段有三处出现了校长的话：
“通通打扫干净”、“我想要整片地方都打扫干净了，立刻”，以及“你们要确保这些活干得好，而且要快……”；
由此可以看出，他让大男孩们负责保证校园尽快整洁干净，他所关心的只是活能又快又好地完成，而没提及谁去完成，因此选项C正确。
而A“他在命令大孩子们马上打扫”、B“他实际希望每个人都加入打扫的行列”、D“他希望大孩子们负责而不是要他们亲自打扫”均不能由校长的话推断出。
（2）.Theolderboysbeattheyoungeronessohardbecause
∙A.theyweretoolazytoworkthemselvesandenjoyedbeingcruel.
∙B.theyknewthiswouldmakethemofferbribes.
∙C.theheadmasterwouldbeangrywiththemiftheworkwasnotdone.
∙D.theyoungeroneswouldworkmuchfasterandharder.
B.
C.
事实细节题。
根据文中第三段倒数第一句“……他们打我们不是……而是……这样我们就会乖乖地交出我们的食物和钱”，可知小男孩们被鞭打的原因为B，而不是D。
而A、C不是主要的原因。
（3）.Whatwouldsomeoftheyoungeronesoccasionallydoiftheywerebeaten?
∙A.Bribetheolderoneswiththeirmiddaymeals.
∙B.Giveanymoneytheyhavetotheolderones.
∙C.Bearthecrueltywithoutdaringtosayaword.
∙D.Telltheheadmasteraboutwhathadhappened.
D.
由题干关键词occasionally，将信息定位于第四段首句“偶尔我们当中会有个把人……会鼓足勇气到校长那儿去告状”；
由该句可知，D正确。
而A、B、C都是孩子们在挨打后的通常做法，均不合题意。
（4）.What'
stheresultofboys'
complainingtotheheadmasterabouttheirsufferings?
∙A.Theolderboysweretaughtagoodlesson.
∙B.Theolderboysgotasuitablepunishment.
∙C.Itonlymademattersworse.
∙D.Itmadenodifferenceatall.
根据文章末段，在有人把被鞭打的事汇报给校长后，他会生气，会惩罚大男孩，但是他所给的惩罚太轻了，而且不足以使大孩子们有任何改变，因而小男孩子们的境况一点也没有得到改善；
故选项D符合文意。
选项A、B都是说校长的处罚是比较严厉的，这不符合事实；
而C“让情况变得更糟”原文未提及。
（5）.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat
∙A.theheadmasterwasveryunreasonablesinceheputtheolderboysinchargeofthework.
∙B.theyoungerboyswerequitewillingtooffertheirfoodandmoneyfortheywereobedient.
∙C.theolderboysdidn'
tgetanypunishmentbecametheyhadhadtheworkfinishedquicldy.
∙D.thewriterseemstofeelregretfornothavingtoldhisparentsabouthissufferingsatschool.
纵观全文，作者并未提及校长让大孩子们负责打扫的做法是否理智、是否过分，故A错误；
B说小孩子们十分愿意将食物和钱给大孩子们，显然与文意相反；
而C“大孩子们没有受到任何的惩罚，因为他们很快地差人把工作做完了”也无从推断出；
在文章最后一句话中，我们可以看出作者对于当时没有将遭遇告诉家长感到后晦（shouldhavelet...,foolish），即D。
三、{{B}}TEXTB{{/B}}（总题数：
125.00）
TheWorldCupisover,whichcanonlymeanonething:
thenewfootballseasonisnearlyhere.Formanyfanstheearlystagesoftheseasonarethebest.Theycanstilldreamofgloryfortheirteambeforeharshrealitytakeshold.
Thosewhodon'
tsharethepassionmayscoffatsuchlimitlessoptimism.Butanewstatisticalanalysissuggeststhatthefanshaveeveryreasontodream.Youdon'
thavetobethebestteamtowintheleague.Youdon'
thavetobeamongthebesttowinpromotion.Andevenifyou'
retheworstteam,thehumiliationofrelegation（降级）toalowerleagueisnotinevitable.Thelawsofthegamecontrivetoensurethatalittlebitofluckcancarryyouthrough.It'
soneoffootball'
sgreatattractionsforfans,andpartofthereasonwhy700millionpeopletunedintowatchSpainbeatHollandinthisyear'
sWorldCupfinal,
Buthowinfluentialischance?
Imaginealeagueinwhichalltheteamsareexactlyequal.Inanygivenmatch,eachteamhasanequalchanceofwinning.Tomakethetheoreticalleaguemorerealisticweneedtoassignprobabilitiestoeachtypeofresults.Inprofessionalfootballapproximatelyoneinfourmatchesendsinadraw,solet'
smaketheprobabilityofadraw0.25.Thisgiveseachteama0.375chanceofwinningthematch.It'
snowpossibleto"
play"
afullseasonusingtheseprobabilities.AsintheEnglishPremiership,we'
llsetupaleagueof20teamsthatplayeachothertwice,with3pointsforawin,1foradrawand0foradefeat.
Atypicalsimulatedseasonproducesaclearwinnerwith67pointsandaspreadbetweenthetopandbottomteamsof36points.This,remember,iswithpreciselyequalteams.IntherealPremiership,championship-winningteamsaverageabout80pointsandthetop-to-bottomspreadisabout50points.Clearly,thedifferenceinabilitiesoftherealteamscontributestothespreadofpoints.However,itisalsoclearthatyoucan'
truleoutchanceasamajorfactorinthefinalstandings.
Butcanitdecidethewinneroftheleaguechampionship?
Tofindout,let'
srunanotherexperiment.Thistimetaketheegalitarianleagueandaddateamthatisbetterthantherest:
itstillhasaprobabilityof0.25foradraw,butitismorelikelytowinitsothergamesthanlosethem.Let'
stakeitsprobabilityofwinninganygivengametobe0.45anditsprobabilityoflosing0.3.
Thebetterteamnow"
plays"
theexisting20teamsandtheresultsareaddedintotheleaguetable.Inonesimulation,thestrongerteamfinishedtheseasonwith67points.Thisisbetterthanexpected—theaveragenumberofpointsitcanexpectwiththeallocatedprobabilitiesis64.Evenso,thestrongerteamonlyfinishedsecond.Alessablebutluckierteamgot71pointsandsnatchedtheleaguertitle.
Whatistheunderlyingreasonforthisapparentunfairuess?
Itisembodiedintherulesofthegame.Unlikeotherteamsportssuchasbasketballandrugby,footballisdeliberatelydesignedasalow-scoringgame,andthisaffectstheoutcomeofmatches.Thefewerthegoals,thebetterchanceaweakerteamhasofwinning.（分数：
（1）.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE,accordingtothepassage?
∙A.Fanshavegoodreasonstobelievethattheirteamwillwinthegame.
∙B.Theworstteamhasthebiggestchancetowin.
∙C.GermanydefeatedBrazilintheWorldCupfinal.
∙D.Footballfansareusuallypessimistictowardsthegame.
A.
文章在第二段中说“新的统计分析表明，球迷们这种愿望是有充分理由的”。
根据这句话的意思，再结合上文可以看出：
作者认为，尽管比赛的真实结果往往使球迷获胜的希望破灭，然而调查仍表明球迷的这种美好愿望是有充分理由的。
因此A是正确的。
B“最差的队赢得比赛的机会最大”，与文意不符，也与常识相悖，故错误；
C搞混了输赢两方，故错误；
D“球迷们经常对比赛持悲观态度”，与文中所述刚好相反，故排除。
（2）.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat
∙A.championship-winningteamsaverageabout67pointsintherealPremiership.
∙B.chanceisaminorfactorinthefinalstandingsoffootballmatch.
∙C.alessablebutluckierteamwinsinthesimulatedseason.
∙D.thefewerthegoals,thebetterchanceateamhasofwinning.
由第四段第三句：
在真正的英超联赛中，冠军得主的平均得分约为80分，可知A错误。
由第四段最后一句：
你不能排除运气在最后排名中所起的重要作用，可知B错误。
第六段最后一句提到，一支实力稍弱但运气较佳的球队在模拟赛季中夺冠，故C正确。
最后一段最后一句提到，进球数越少，弱队获胜的机会也就越多，但并不适用于所有球队，故D错误。
（3）.Theauthorseemstodisapprovethat
∙A.inasimulatedseason,alltheteamsareequal.
∙B.chanceplaysanimportantroleinafootballleague.
∙C.theabilitiesofeachteamdecidetheresultsofaleaguechampionship.
∙D.theoreticallyspeaking,eachteamhasa0.375chancetowinthematch.
文章第四段的四、五两句说“显然，在实际比赛中各支球队的实力差距造成了这个比分差。
然而，同样明显的是，你不能排除运气在最后排名中所起的重要作用。
”根据这两句可以判断作者并不同意实力决定比赛的最终结果，故选择C。
A、B、D三项都能在文中第三段找到相应表述，故均不选。
（4）.Theevidentinequalityinthefootballgameliesin
∙A.theoutcomeofthematch.
∙B.itslow-scoringfeature.
∙C.thefactthatthebetterteamislesslikelytowin.
∙D.thefactthattheweakerteamismorelikelytowin.
文章最后谈及了足球比赛中这种不公平现象的原因：
足球是一项得分较低的运动，这种低得分是故意设计的，也因此影响了比赛的结果。
由此可以得出B正确
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