专四作文Word文档下载推荐.docx

专四作文Word文档下载推荐.docx

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mainideaandevidencearerelevant

c.language语言：

表达准确，语句流畅

vocabulary---awiderange,usedappropriately/accurately

noerrorinwordformationorspelling

sentencestructure---awiderange,usedaccuratelyandappropriately

II.Effectiveessay:

1.Unity:

---content统一性

a.Theessaymustfocusonasingleorcentralidea

b.Thecentralideaisclearandsupportedbyenoughfacts（details,examples,reasons,etc,）

c.noirrelevantmaterial

2.Coherenceandcohesion:

---organization连贯和衔接手段（thearrangementofthematerialandthecohesivedevices）

Theessaymustdevelopnaturallyandsmoothly.Onesentenceleadslogicallytoanother.Oneparagraphinthebodyleadsnaturallytoanother.

a.theparagraphsaredevelopedinaclearorder

b.theintroductoryparagraphleadtothemainpointoftheessay

c.eachparagraphhasaseparatecentralideaandrelatestotheessay’smainideaandtothepreviousparagraph

d.propertransitionsbetweenparagraphsandsentences

e.theconcludingparagraphgivethereaderaclearimpressionofwhatthepaperintendstosay

3.Sentences:

a.varietyinsentencestructure

b.eachsentenceclearlyrelatedtothesentencethatprecedesitandtothesentencethatfollows

c.nostructuralmistakes

4.Diction/vocabulary:

a.noChinglish---wordsorphrasesthataredirectlytranslatedfromChinesebutwhichmaymeansomethingdifferentinEnglish

b.awiderangeofvocabularyandareusedappropriately

c.nomistakesinwordformationandspelling

III.Sampleessay

Task:

Atpresentmanypeoplethinkthatonelanguageshouldbeusedasthecommonlanguage,butothersthinkthatbydoingsotheculturesofdifferentnationswillbelost.Whatdoyouthinkofthesetwoopinions?

Thesedays,thereareanincreasingnumberofscholarswhoholdtheopinionthat,withthedevelopmentofglobalization,weneedacommonlanguagetobespokenbyallthepeopleintheworld.Howeverotherscholarsareafraidthatthiswillweakenotherlanguagesandculturesatthesametime.Asforme,Iamnotinfavoroftheviewpointthatonelanguageshouldreplaceothersasthecommonone.

Inthefirstplace,nowadaysitisuniversallyacknowledgedthatlanguageisnotonlyatoolofcommunicationbutalsoakindofart.Eachlanguage,nomatterwhatkindoflanguageitis,hasitsuniquepronunciation,grammarandexpressions,whichcontributetothediversityoftheworld.So,ifthediverselanguagesarediminished,ourworldwillbecomelesscolorful.

Inthesecondplace,wecansaythatlanguageisapartofculture,andplaysaconsiderablyimportantroleinit.Indeed,somesocialscientistsconsideritthekeystoneofculture.Withoutlanguage,sotheargumentgoes,culturewouldnotbepossible.Ontheotherhand,languageisinfluencedandshapedbyculture;

itreflectsculture.Inthebroadestsense,languageisthesymbolicrepresentationofapeople,anditcomprisestheirhistoricalandculturalbackgroundsaswellastheirwaysoflivingandthinking.Culturesdifferfromoneanother,andeachcultureisunique.Thereisnodenyingthefactitwillbeadisasterforustoseetheworld’sdiverseculturesdisappearonebyone.

Whenallthefactorsareexamined,wemaysafelycometotheconclusionthatalthoughweareconvincedthat,nomatterwhatourcareerchoiceis,acommandofforeignlanguagesisanimportantskilltoacquire,yetweshouldprotectourownlanguage,thecarrierofourculture.

Words/Phrases:

Transitionalwordsandphrases:

1.Sampleparagraph:

Whyistheresuchaphenomenon?

Itmighthavethefollowingreasons:

First,thepressureinpeople’slivesnowistoomuch.Wewanttosucceed,howeverwehavetofaceallkindsofchallenges.Therefore,it’snecessaryforustodevotetoourcareer,andourfamilyrelationship,tosomeextent,maybeignored.Forexample,astheresultofwomenliberalization,morewomennowgotowork.Sometimes,theyarerequiredtoworkovertime,thustheyhavenotimetopreparetheirdinnersorgotokindergartenstomeettheirchildren.Evenmore,theyhaveto,onsomeoccasions,gotootherplacesonbusinessforperiodoftime.Long-timeseparationwilldirectlyinfluencetherelationshipofmotherandbabies,orwivesandhusbands.Second,wepaytoomuchattentiontotheindividuals,whichmayinfluencetherelationshipbetweenfamilymembers.Forexample,thevariousentertainingactivitiesmaysatisfyeveryone.Whentheygettheirpersonaldemands,theyhavenotimetosittogether.Wecanseefollowingphenomenoninmanyfamilies:

themotherispreoccupiedbyTV,thesonisengagedinplayinggames,whilethefatherisabsorbedbyInternet.Allthepeoplearetoobusytosayanywordinthewholenight.

1.transitionalwordsandphrases

a.对比

although,though,nevertheless,nonetheless,but,onthecontrary,otherwise,however,yet,whereas,insteadof,rather,evenso/though,ontheotherhand,in/bycontrast,despite,inspiteof,comparedwith,alternatively,despitethis,inspiteofthis,conversely

b.结果

so,thus,asaresult,therefore,thereby,accordingly,consequently,accordingly,consequently,hence,asaresult/consequence,fortheabovereasons,itfollowsthat,inthatcase,admittedly

c.理由

for,since,because,onthegroundthat,dueto,owingto,byvirtueof,becauseof,thanksto,onaccountof,inviewof,thereasonwhy,leadsto,cause

d.肯定/强调

withoutadoubt,undoubtedly,itgoeswithoutsayingthat,asamatteroffact,anyway,nodoubt,truly,obviously,certainly,clearly,

indeed,especially,mainly,particularly,naturally,actually,surely

e.附加

furthermore,moreover,besides,also,too,inaddition,what’smore,moretothepoint,likewise,similarly,aswellas,notonly…butalso…,besidesthis/that

f.举例

forexample,forinstance,toillustrate,asanillustration,acaseinpoint,suchas,like,inparticular,namely

g.顺序

firstly,initially,primarily,aboveall,firstandmostimportant,firstandforemost,firstofall,inthefirstplace,tostartwith,tobeginwith,

secondly,then,next,followingthis/that,furthermore,apartfromthat,also,what’smore,moretothepoint,…

ontheonehand,ontheotherhand

foronething,fortheother/another

firstofall,anotherreasonisthat,thethirdreasongoesthisway

h.条件

if,unless,providedthat,dependingon

i.时间

before,since,as,until,meanwhile,atthemoment,when,whenever,assoonas

j.总结

inconclusion,insummary,lastly,finally,tosumup,toconclude,inshort,inabriefsummary,tosummarize,generallyspeaking,inbrief,overallspeaking,allinall,givenallthepoints,inaword,consideringallthefactors

Sentences:

I.mainsentenceelements:

subject,verb/linkingverb,object,attribute/adjectival,adverbial,complement,predicative

II.sentencestructures:

a.simplesentence

e.g.First,thepressureinpeople’slivesnowistoomuch.

e.g.Withtherecentrapideconomicdevelopment,thepaceoflifeisbecomingfasterandfaster.

e.g.Weneedacommonlanguagetobespokenbyallthepeople.

b.compoundsentence

e.g.Theurbanrenewalprogramhasmanyoutspokenopponents;

nevertheless,somelandhasalreadybeencleared.

e.g.Therefore,it’snecessaryforustodevotetoourcareer,andourfamilyrelationship,tosomeextent,maybeignored.

e.g.Comparedwiththoseold-fashionedones,Western-styleclothesaremorecomfortable,andthematerialtheyuseismoreenvironmentallyfriendly.

Joinedby1/coordinatingconjunctions:

and,but,or,nor,for,yet

2/semicolons

3/,+also,however,nevertheless,therefore,…

c.complexsentence:

e.g.Second,wepaytoomuchattentiontotheindividuals,whichmayinfluencetherelationshipbetweenfamilymembers.

e.g.Ontheotherhand,therearestillpeoplewhoconsidertraditionalclothesandinalienablepartofourculturaltradition.

d.compound-complexsentence:

e.g.Aslongastheykeepuswarmandcomfortable,wehavetherighttochoosewhateverclotheswelike.

e.g.Ontheotherhand,therearestillpeoplewhoconsidertraditionalclothesandinalienablepartofourculturaltradition,andsuggestthatappropriatemeasuresbetakentopromotethewearingofourtraditionalgarments.

III.generalrule:

1.topicsentence---simplesentence

2.mostofthesupportingsentencesshouldbelongsentences

3.thereshouldbeoneshortsentencebetweenseverallongsentences

4.don’tusealllongsentencesthroughouttheessay

IV.Popularlyusedpatterns:

1.

Televisionnotonlygivesusthenewsinwhichweareinterestedbutalsoshowsitinpicturesmorepowerfulthanwords.

Advertisingbringsusnotonlybenefitsbutalsoproblems.

2.

Insports,onemustlearntofightwithnomatterwhatisleftinhisbody.

Onemustlearntosticktoone’sownconfidenceandhope,nomatterhowlittlethehopemaybe.

3.

Itiswellknownthatthereisaclearlinkbetweensmokingandsomekindsofseriousdiseases.

4.

Itissaidthatmothersknowwhatismostsuitablefortheirchildren.

5.

Itisobviousthatwearingtheuniformswouldmakeschoollifedullandmonotonous.

6.

Itcanbeimaginedthattheremustbesomeinconveniencebroughtaboutbyraisingpets.

7.

Itgoeswithoutsayingthatwearingtheuniformswouldmakeschoollifedullandmonotonous.

8.

ThevacationissoshortthatIcannotevencompleteonethi