高考英语二轮复习阅读理解中主旨大意段落大意题考查解读文档格式.docx
《高考英语二轮复习阅读理解中主旨大意段落大意题考查解读文档格式.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《高考英语二轮复习阅读理解中主旨大意段落大意题考查解读文档格式.docx(10页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
(3)段中间:
先用一句或几句话引出要表达的主题,再陈述主题,再论述细节,即引出主题→段落中心→再论述
(4)没有明显段落中心时,需概括段落内容,总结段落中心
例如:
【真题感悟】中第60题,根据文章最后一段第一句“Meanwhile,thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscouragespending—‘bad’tables,crowding,highprices—don’tnecessarily.”可知,你认为可能会影响人们消费的因素如:
不好的桌子、拥挤以及高价等不一定会影响人们的消费,然后依次举例进行了证明,所以本段主要讲的是人们对于饭店的几个误解,故选D。
【课堂练习】
A
Mostofushavelostourwalletatsomestageinourlives.Butfewwouldimaginehavingitreturnedafteranearlyseven-decadegap.EdwardParkerdroppedhiswalletin1950intoaninaccessiblespotbehindabookshelf,whileworkingasanelectrician,repairingWorldWarTwobombdamageinthepalace.Thewalletstayedthereuntilthisyearwhenabuilder,doingsome1restorationwork,finallyfoundit.
Thewalletisatimecapsule.Itsleatherandwebbinghaslongagostartedtodisintegrate.Butitcontainsnumerouspicturesoffamily,invoices(发票),receipts,oldunioncards,resultsofachestX-ray(senttohimin1948,thesameyearastheNHSwasfounded),anationalservicecarddated9December1944andamedicalinsurancecard.Hisbusinesscards—EParker,ElectricalContractor—seemalmostoriginal.Reflectingthetypicalmethodsofcontactofthetime,theyhaveanaddressbutnotelephonenumber.
AmonthagoIwasspeakingtoa8pressofficeratLambethPalaceandhementionedthatthewallethadjustbeenhandedin.Wethoughtitmightbenicetotryandworkoutwhoseitwasandgiveitbacktothefamily.EdwardParkerisaprettycommonname,buthismedicalcardcontainedtwoplacesofresidence—PoetsRoadandSpringdaleRoadinnorthLondon.Fromthis,IslingtonCouncilwereabletofinddetailsofamarriagebetweenEdwardParkerandConstanceButlerin1947.
ThatinformationwasenoughtoworkoutthathewasstillaliveandinacarehomeinEssex,soIwenttovisithim.Now89,Edwardhasdementia(痴呆),buthewasclearlyhappytogetthewalletandinparticular,thephotographsback.Hepointedoutpicturesofhismotherandfather,hisbrother,hiscousinsandhiswifeConstance,whowaswithhimwhenIvisited.“Hehadn’tseenapictureofhisfathersincehelostthewallet,”Constance,90,says.
语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道,介绍了一个物归原主的故事。
爱德华·
帕克曾是一名电工,他于1950年维修因二战受损的宫廷时,不慎将钱包丢失。
直到今年,钱包被一名宫廷修复工人发现。
钱包里的物品充满了那个年代的回忆,89岁的爱德华·
帕克重新拿到钱包,非常开心。
1.WecanpossiblyinferthatEdwardParker.
A.onceworkedasanelectricaltechnicianB.alwayslosthiswallet
C.onceparticipatedinWorldWarⅡD.onceworkedasarestorationbuilder
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。
根据第一段第二句可知,EdwardParker曾是一名electrician(电工),因此A项正确。
2.What’sthemainideaofthesecondparagraph?
A.Thematerialofthewallet.
B.Theproducerofthewallet.
C.The9contentsofthewallet.
D.Theshapeofthewallet.
答案 C
解析 段落大意题。
本题适合用排除法。
A项钱包的材质;
B项钱包的制造商;
C项钱包里的东西;
D项钱包的外形。
根据文章第二段,其中提到了钱包的外皮及边线已破损,钱包里有picturesoffamily(家人照片),invoices(发票),receipts(收据),oldunioncards(工会卡),resultsofachestX-ray(胸片报告),anationalservicecard(服务卡),amedicalinsurancecard(医保卡),businesscards(名片)等物品,可知A项表述片面,B、D项未提及,仅C项符合题意。
故选C。
3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disintegrate”inthesecondparagraphmean?
A.2Maintain.B.Damage.
C.Disappear.D.Destroy.
答案 B
解析 词义猜测题。
根据第二段第二句“Butitcontains...(但是,钱包里有……)”可知,钱包外皮还在,排除C、D项,A项“维护”,不符合文意;
B项“损坏”,根据第二段前两句可知,“虽然钱包的外皮及边线已破损,但里面有……”,符合题意。
故选B。
4.Whatplaysakeyroleinreturningthewallettoitsowner?
A.Businesscard.B.Nationalservicecard.
C.Oldunioncard.D.Medicalcard.
答案 D
根据第三段第三句中的“buthismedicalcardcontainedtwoplacesofresidence”可知,他的医保卡上有两个住址,此处明确了医保卡是找到主人的关键物品。
故选D。
B
Inthird-worldcountriessuchasSwazilandandHaiti,a15-dollarinventionismakingaworldofdifference.Nokero,acompanystartedbyBrianRants,sellslampsthatdonotrequirekerosene(煤油).Thesesolarlampshavebecomeastaple(主流产品)incountriesinAfrica,toprovidelightforreadingandsafetyatnight.
Nokerohassoldover500,000lampsinover120countriessinceitwasfirstfoundedin2010andRantsthinksthedemandforhisproductwillonlycontinuetoincrease.Mostlampsfoundinthird-worldcountries3currentlyrequirekerosenetorun,butkerosenecausesindoorpollutionandhasbeenlinkedtofiresthathavecausedoveramilliondeaths.
Insteadofexperiencingtheeffectsofsmoking40cigarettesadayfromkerosenelamps,Rantsthinkshissolarlampscouldbetheanswerforthird-worldcountries.TheEconomistagrees,callingsolarlights“thenextbig4innovationfortheworld’spoor”.Nokero’ssolarlampsarehigherinqualityandlessexpensivethanalotofsolartechnology,makingthemapractical6optionformanypeopleinthird-worldcountries.
Ratherthangivingsolarlampstoindividualsinneed,Nokero’s7missionistomakethem5affordable.ThroughresearchRantshasrealizedthatindividualswhobuyasolarproductwouldtakebettercareofitandvalueitmorethaniftheyreceiveditforfree.FamilieswhobuyNokero’ssolarlampsmakeupthecostinjustafewmonthsofnothavingtobuykeroseneorpayforoff-the-gridelectricity.
SomeactivistshaveattackedcompaniessuchasNokeroforsellingproductstothepoorratherthansimplygivingthemoutforfree.Theyarguethatthesecompaniesunfairlyprofitfromthepoor.However,Rantsdisagrees.Familiesreceiveaproductthatismuchhigherinqualitythanwhattheymightreceiveforfreeandfeelasenseofownershiphavingpurchaseditforthemselves.
语篇解读 本文主要介绍了由Nokero公司发明的不需要煤油的太阳能灯具,这些太阳能灯已经成为非洲国家的主流产品,为夜间的阅读和安全提供照明。
5.Whatdoweknowaboutthesolarlampsinthepassage?
A.Theysaveenergyandcausenopollution.
B.Theyequaltheeffectof40cigarettesaday.
C.Theyaregiventotheindividualsfreeofcharge.
D.Theyhelptosavekeroseneinthird-worldcountries.
解析 细节理解题。
根据第二段末句可知,这种太阳能灯既节约能源,又没有污染。
故选A。
6.AccordingtoRants,ifthepooraregiventhelampsforfree,they.
A.willhavetopayforkeroseneorelectricity
B.won’ttakegoodcareoforvaluethelamps
C.willfeelasenseofownershipofthelamps
D.won’thelptoincreasethesalesofthelamps
根据第四段第二句可知,如果免费送给穷人这种灯,他们就不会好好珍惜它们了。
7.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?
A.Aninnovationoftheworld.
B.Advantagesofthesolarlights.
C.Solutiontoworld’spovertyproblems.
D.Heavypollutioncausedbykerosenelamps.
根据第三段所说Nokero的太阳能灯质量更好,价格也比很多太阳能技术的灯便宜,适合发展中国家的人们使用,所以可知该段主要介绍了这种太阳能灯的优点。
【提炼拓展】
Ⅰ.障碍词汇突破
(一)阅读下列句子,并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思
1.We’dbetterdosomerestorationworktosomethingsuchasanoldbuildingorapieceoffurniture,sothatitlooksthesameasitoriginallywas.恢复,复原
2.CareersOfficersstillmaintaincontactwithyoungpeoplewhentheyhaveleftschool.
维持;
保持
3.Thematterwhichhasbeenconfusingusiscurrentlybeingdiscussedamongmanyexpertsinthemeetingroom.目前,现在
4.Wemustpromoteoriginality,inspirecreativityandencourageinnovation.改革,革新
5.Wethushavefullbeliefinpersonalgenomicsandpersonalisedmedicinethattheywillcertainlybeaffordabletomostpeopleindevelopingcountries.支付得起
(二)同义词语替换
6.Criminalsaregiventheoptionofgoingtojailorfacingpublichumiliation.choice
7.Hewassentonover200missionsbeforebeingkilledinaction.assignments
(三)一词多义
8.pressvt.压,按;
逼迫;
vi.重压;
n.压,按;
报刊;
印刷媒体;
报道;
评论;
记者;
新闻工作者;
出版社;
印刷机
(1)Don’tpressyouropinionsuponher.逼迫
(2)Pressthisbuttontostarttheengine.压,按
(3)Tojudgefromthepress,theconcertwasagreatsuccess.报道;
评论
(4)Christielookedrelaxedandcalmasshefacedthepressafterwards.记者
(5)Apressoraprintingpressisamachineusedforprintingthingssuchasbooksandnewspapers.
9.contentn.内容;
目录;
容量,含量;
满足;
满意;
adj.满意的;
vt.使满足
(1)I’mperfectlycontentwiththewaythecampaignhasgone.满意的
(2)Sunflowermargarinehasthesamefatcontentasbutter.含量,容量
(3)Sheisreluctanttodiscussthecontentsoftheplay.内容
(4)Youhavetocontentyourselfwithwhatyouhave.使满足
Ⅱ.长难句理解
1.EdwardParkerdroppedhiswalletin1950intoaninaccessiblespotbehindabookshelf,whileworkingasanelectrician,repairingWorldWarTwobombdamageinthepalace.
[句式分析] 本句是一个复合句,句子的主干部分是EdwardParkerdroppedhiswallet;
in1950作时间状语;
intoaninaccessiblespotbehindabookshelf作地点状语;
whileworkingasanelectrician,repairingWorldWarTwobombdamageinthepalace为while引导的时间状语从句。
[精美译文] 爱德华·
帕克在1950年作为电工维修王宫中二战中炸弹炸毁处时,把钱包掉在了书橱后面很难发现的地方。
2.ThroughresearchRantshasrealizedthatindividualswhobuyasolarproductwouldtakebettercareofitandvalueitmorethaniftheyreceiveditforfree.
[句式分析] 本句是一个复合句,thatindividualswhobuyasolarproductwouldtakebettercareofitandvalueitmorethaniftheyreceiveditforfree为宾语从句,其中又含有一个who引导的定语从句。
[精美译文] 通过调查研究,兰特意识到那些个体购买太阳能产品比免费得到这些产品,能更好地照顾和珍惜这些东西。
强化训练
阅读理解
A
WhenDeeDeeBridgewaterlearnedthatshewouldbecomea2017NEAJazzMaster,aseriesofthoughtsandfeelingsfloodedhermind.“Itwassofaroutofmyorbitandjustmywholesphereofthinking,”shesaidinaconversationatNPRthisspring,hoursbeforesheformallyreceivedheraward.
She’s66—farfromretirementageinjazz,andontheextremeforwardedgeoftheNEAJazzMasterspeople.Soshewasawareofherrelativeyouthinthefield.Shealsorecognizedthattherehaven’tbeenmanywomenintheranksofNEAJazzMasters:
fewerthan20,outof145.Thatidealedhertoreflectonherpredecessors(前任):
legendarysingerslikeBettyCarter,whowasinductedbackin1992,andAbbeyLincoln,whoreceivedthenodin2003.
BridgewatersoughtinspirationandadvicefrombothCarterandLincoln,assherecallsinthisperiod