5级读写第二次形成性练习文档格式.docx

5级读写第二次形成性练习文档格式.docx

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T（forTrue）ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;

F（forFalse）ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;

N（forNotGiven）ifthestatementisnotgiveninthepassage.

IntherepairshopofonesellernearChicago,theytakecareofyourcar.Whenyoubringinyourcarforits15,000-mileservicing,theservicedepartmentrecommendsthemaintenanceoutlinedintheowner’smanual—changingtheoilandtheoilfilter,rotatingtires,andinspectingthebrakes,exhaustsystem,andsteering.Inaddition,theysuggestanotherfourservices,aswellasathoroughinspectionoftheengine.Thiscomprehensivecare,saystheservicemanager,keepsthecarintopshape,especiallygivenChicago’stoughclimate.

Thetotalpriceis$298—threetimeswhatthefactory-specifiedservicesalonewouldcost.And,accordingtothemanufacturer,noneoftheextrasareneededat15,000milesbythevastmajorityoftheircarsintheUnitedStates.

Smartconsumersarefamiliarwiththerepairtricksofdishonestmechanics.Now,however,carownersmustalsowatchoutforafarmorecleverpracticethatcoststhemthousandsofdollars:

thefalsemaintenanceschedule.

Onehundredtwenty-twocarsellerswereaskedtodescribetheservicestheyperformat15,000,30,000and60,000milesonsixpopularmodels.Theirresponsesrevealthatnearly80percentofthemperformmoreservicesthanthemanufacturerrequiresorthanmostcarsneed.Sixty-threepercentreplacepartsthefactorysaysneedn’tbereplaced.

ThecarsellerssurveyedwerelocatedinsevencitiesacrosstheUnitedStares.Theowner’smanualwrittenbythecarmanufacturersetsoutoneschedulefor“normal”drivingconditionsandanotherformoreseverecircumstances.Tobemostfairinevaluatingthecarsellers,theirmaintenancescheduleswerecomparedwiththemaintenanceschedulesforsevereconditionsgivenintheowner’smanuals.Thecarsinthesurveywerechosenforpopularityandvarietyofsizeandstyle.TheyincludedproductsofthethreebiggestAmericanautocompanies,aswellasJapanesemodels.

Twomajortypesofdoubtfulmaintenancepracticeswerefound:

reasonableservicesperformedprematurely,suchasreplacingsparkplugsandrotatingtires,andservicesofdoubtfulvalueunderanycircumstances,suchassupplementingcleanengineoilwithotherchemicals.

AtoneautoretailerinthesouthwesternUnitedStates,theservicedepartmentroutinelycompressesthemaintenancecyclesofcars.Thecarowner’smanualrequiresthefirstmajorinspectionat30,000miles.Instead,thisdealershipsuggestsputtinginanewairfilterat12,000miles,repackingrearwheelbearingsat15,000miles,addingnewsparkplugsandtransmissionfluidat18,000miles,andputtinginyetanotherairfilterat24,000miles.Theyalsorecommendreplacingthefuelfilter––anitemthemanufacturersayscanlast50,000milesormore––at18,000miles.

Themostsuspectextrasrevealedbythesurveyare“ghostservices”—workdoneonpartsthatdon’tneedattention,can’tbeservicedormaynotevenexist.Forexample,29percentofbusinessessellingMazdacarssaidtheyadjustthevalvesat15,000milesand38percentat30,000miles.ButoneveryMazdacarproducedinthepastfiveyears,thevalvesareself-adjustingandneverneedtobeserviced.

Localconditionsinvariablygettheblameforlengthyservicelists.“Themanufacturershavetowriteonebookthatcoverstheentirecountry.”SaysoneservicemanagerinFlorida.“Therearegiganticchangesinenvironmentalconditionsfromfreezingcoldtoboilinghot,andfromdrytoveryhumid.Carsellerscanonlyusethemaintenancescheduleasaguidelineandthenmusttakeintoaccountwhattheirlocalareasneed.”

Hesays,forexample,thatthesaltyairinhispartofFlorida（nexttotheocean）rustsmetalparts,sonearlyeverycomponentshouldbefrequentlyinspected.Hotsummersdictatenewcoolingfluidat30,000milesratherthanatthefactory-recommended36,000miles.Poorqualitygasolinesoldlocally,headds,canfoulacar’sexhaust-controlsystem,soonekeycomponent,whichthemanufacturersayscanlast50,000milesmore,shouldbereplacedevery30,000miles.

Thesearereasonablearguments––soreasonable,infact,thatcarsellerseverywhereusethem.Anotherfavoriteis“stop-and-godriving”,usedtojustifyextraserviceineverycityinthesurveybutSeattle.

Thecarmanufacturers,however,taketheseconditionsintoaccountwhenwritingtheirserviceschedules.“Wedon’tbuildcarsthataregoingtohaveproblemsbecauseofstop-and–godrivingorairtemperatureorsaltontheroads,”saysthemanagerofqualitycontrolforMazdaMotorofAmerica.“Whenweandothermakerssay‘extremelywetclimates’inourowner’smanuals,wemeanjungleareasandislandcountries,notFlorida.”

Amanageratanothercarmakeraddsthatsincethefactory’sschedulealreadyallowsforextremeweather,traffic,dustandotherpunishingconditions,lettingadealertalkyouintomoreisusuallyawasteofmoney.

Toavoidarguments,firstreadyourowner’smanualandnotetheservicesyouneed.Thencallafewdealerstofindtheonewhosticksclosesttothefactoryschedule.Finally,discussinadvancewiththeservicemanagerexactlywhatyouwantdoneandreviewthecost.

Bydoingthis,youcouldsaveasubstantialamountofmoneyandkeepyourcaringoodrunningconditions.

Statements:

1.Therepairshopstakegoodcareofyourcar.

2.Thetotalpriceis$298—twotimeswhatthefactory-specifiedservicesalonewouldcost.

3.Now,carownersneednotwatchoutforafarmorecleverpracticethatcoststhemthousandsofdollars:

4.ThecarsinthesurveywereproductsofthethreebiggestAmericanautocompanies.

5.Thereweretwomajortypesofdoubtfulmaintenancepractices.

6.Thecarowner’srequiresthefirstmajorinspectionat35,000miles.

7.Thetwomajorexcusesare“adverselocalconditions”and“stop-and-godriving”.

8.By“adverselocalconditions”,carsellersrefertotheirspecificlocalproblems,suchasthesaltyair,hotsummersandthepoorqualitygasolineinFlorida.

9.Twosuggestionsaregiven:

1）toreadtheowner’smanualandbecomeawareoftheneededservices;

and2）toconsultvariousdealersandcomparetheirservices.

10.Theauthorwrotethisarticleinordertowarndriversagainsttrickyservicesofferedbysophisticateddealerships,andalsotohelpthemlearntoprotecttheirowninterests.

构词法应用1

Directions:

Fillintheblankswiththeappropriatewordformsofthewordsgiveninthebrackets.

1.Inthisway,thelensgathersenoughlightto______thefilminonlyafractionofasecond.

（exposure）

2.GoldenAgeisatermusedbytheGreekpoetHomertodescribearemoteperiodofthepastthatheconsideredmorecivilizedand______thanhisown.（enlighten）

3.Withthehelpofan______hecouldmakehimselfheardbythewholeaudience.（amplify）

4.Inmanybusinesses,thevolumeofsalesdependslargelyontheamountof______done.（advertise）

5.Lipreadingcanonlybea______strategytoothermethodsofteachingspeechandlanguage.

（supplement）

6.______patternsvaryfrompersontoperson,aswellasfromfamilytofamily.（expend）

7.The______systemwaswidelyusedinthe1800s.Itwasthepracticeofawardingjobsandgovernmentcontractsbasedonpeople’sservicetothepartyinpower.（patron）

8.Thebeaver’s（海狸）habitsofbuildingdamsandofstoringfoodseemtobe______.（instinct）

9.Thiscomplex,pessimisticreflectionontheemptinessofmodernlifeseemedwonderfultosomebut______toothers.（bewilder）

10.Atsuchtimes,thedeliveries______transportationandstoragefacilities,andpricesofgoodsfellsharplyduetothegreatsupply.（overwhelm）

11.Inthisway,thelensgathersenoughlighttoexposethefilminonlya______ofasecond.

（fractionalize）

1.expose2.enlightened3.amplifier4.advertising5.supplementary6.Expenditure

7.patronage8.instinctive9.bewildering10.overwhelmed11.fraction

词汇应用1

Choosethebestanswertocompleteeachofthefollowingsentences.

1.Withnothing______handthissummer,MaryisplanningatriptoChina.

A）onB）atC）byD）within

2.Thenovelhasthreedifferent______,witheachslightlydifferentfromtherest.

A）patternsB）translationC）versionsD）forms

3.Whatabargain!

HK$270for12issuesofoneoftheworld’smostreadmagazines,______ofamulti-purposebackpack.

A）includingB）excludingC）inclusiveD）exclusive

4.Inthetropicalrainforests,brightcolorsareoften______withdanger.

A）mixedB）combinedC）boundD）associated

5.Shenevergoestothe______offlowersandvegetables,sincesheplantstheminherowngarden.

A）expenditureB）extremeC）expenseD）cost

6.Themalebird’slongcolorfulfeathers______itfromthefemale.

A）distinctB）differC）identifyD）differentiate

7.Thelastingrecordhightemperatureinthesoutheastregion______offagreatdemandforelectricpower.

A）triggeredB）cutC）sentD）trailed

8.ThevictoryofthebattleinStalingrad,SovietUnion,is______tobetheturningpointoftheSecondWorldWar.

A）deemedB）determinedC）doomedD）destined

9.TheminuteIenteredthepalace,Iwasbewilderedbythenumerous______lightsontheceiling.

A）glitteringB）dazzlingC）gleamingD）glimmering

10.Sometimes,wehavetochallenge______expertstoputforwardourowndiscoveriesandideas.

A）authorityB）au