英文小说从要素分析Word文档格式.docx

英文小说从要素分析Word文档格式.docx

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Tone,Exposition

1.Plot-thesequenceofeventsorincidentsofwhichthestoryiscomposed/thearrangementofeventsthatmakeupastory/thecompletepatternordesignofthework.

A.Conflictisaclashofactions,ideas,desiresorwills.

a.Personagainstperson.

b.Personagainstenvironment-externalforce,physicalnature,society,or"

fate."

c.Personagainstherself/himself-conflictwithsomeelementinher/hisownnature;

maybephysical,mental,emotional,ormoral.

d.PersonagainstGod-Greekmythology.

B.ArtisticUnity-essentialtoagoodplot;

nothingirrelevantthatdoesnotcontributetothetotalmeaning;

nothingthatisthereonlyforitsownsakeoritsownexcitement.

C.PlotManipulationandFabulation-agoodplotshouldnothaveanyunjustifiedorunexpectedturnsortwists,nofalseleads,andnodeliberateandmisleadinginformation;

fabulationistheintroductionofthefabulousorunrealisticorgothicelementsinanotherwiserealisticsetting.

D.StoryEnding:

InaHappyEndingthestereotypicalexpectationisthattheprotagonistmustsolvealltheproblems,defeatthevillain,winthegirl,andlivehappilyeverafter.Unfortunately,manyreallifesituationshaveunhappyendings;

forthewritersofseriousfiction,theunhappyendingsaremorelikelytoraisesignificantissuesconcerninglifeandliving.

E.TypesofPlot:

a.Tragedy（noble）

b.Comedy（lessgreat/noble）

c.Romance（lessgreat/noble）

d.Satire（usedtoteachlessonorpresentapointofview

F.UseofPlot:

a.Thestructureofitsactions

b.Order:

1st,2nd,3rd…

c.Tocreate（Theauthorusesactionsasapainterusespaintstocreate）

d.Toachieveparticularwordstocreatecertaineffect

2.Character

A.DirectPresentation-authortellsusstraightout,byexpositionoranalysis,orthroughanothercharacter.

B.IndirectPresentation-authorshowsusthecharacterinaction;

thereaderinferswhatacharacterislikefromwhatshe/hethinks,orsays,ordoes.Thesearealsocalleddramatizedcharactersandtheyaregenerallyconsistent（inbehavior）,motivated（convincing）,andplausible（lifelike）.

C.CharacterTypes-aFlatcharacterisknownbyoneortwotraits;

aRoundcharacteriscomplexandmany-sided;

aStockcharacterisastereotypedcharacter（amadscientist,theabsent-mindedprofessor,thecruelmother-in-law）;

aStaticcharacterremainsthesamefromthebeginningoftheplottotheend;

andaDynamic（developing）characterundergoespermanentchange.Thischangemustbea.withinthepossibilitiesofthecharacter;

b.sufficientlymotivated;

andc.allowedsufficienttimeforchange.

D.ProtagonistandAntagonist-theprotagonististhecentralcharacter,sympatheticorunsympathetic.Theforcesworkingagainsther/him,whetherpersons,things,conventionsofsociety,ortraitsoftheirowncharacter,aretheantagonists.

3.Theme-thecontrollingideaorcentralinsight.Itcanbe1.arevelationofhumancharacter;

2.maybestatedbrieflyoratgreatlength;

and3.athemeisnotthe"

moral"

ofthestory.

A.Athememustbeexpressibleintheformofastatement-not"

motherhood"

but"

Motherhoodsometimeshasmorefrustrationthanreward."

B.Athememustbestatedasageneralizationaboutlife;

namesofcharactersorspecificsituationsintheplotarenottobeusedwhenstatingatheme.

C.Athememustnotbeageneralizationlargerthanisjustifiedbythetermsofthestory.

D.Athemeisthecentralandunifyingconceptofthestory.Itmustadheretothefollowingrequirements:

1.Itmustaccountforallthemajordetailsofthestory.

2.Itmustnotbecontradictedbyanydetailofthestory.

3.Itmustnotrelyonsupposedfacts-factsnotactuallystatedorclearlyimpliedbythestory.

E.Thereisnoonewayofstatingthethemeofastory.

F.Anystatementthatreducesathemetosomefamiliarsaying,aphorism,orcliché

shouldbeavoided.Donotuse"

Astitchintimesavesnine,"

"

Youcan'

tjudgeabookbyitscover,"

Fishandguestssmellinthreedays,"

andsoon.

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