NO43Word下载.docx

NO43Word下载.docx

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Atedious

Bmelodious

Ccapricious

Dcompelling

Ecautious

5Inthemachinelikeworldofclassicalphysics,

thehumanintellectappears----,sincethe

mechanicalnatureofclassicalphysicsdoesnot

----creativereasoning,theveryabilitythathad

madetheformulationofclassicalprinciples

possible.

Aanomalous..allowfor

Babstract..speakto

Canachronistic..deny

Denduring..value

Econtradictory..exclude

6Duringthe1960'

sassessmentsofthefamily

shiftedremarkably,fromgeneralendorsement

ofitasaworthwhile,stableinstitutionto

widespread----itasanoppressiveandbankrupt

onewhose----wasbothimminentandwelcome.

Aflightfrom..restitution

Bfascinationwith..corruption

Crejectionof..vogue

Dcensureof..dissolution

Erelinquishmentof..ascent

7Documentingscience'

s----philosophywould

be----,sinceitisalmostaxiomaticthatmany

philosophersusescientificconceptsasthe

foundationsfortheirspeculations.

Adistrustof..elementary

Binfluenceon..superfluous

Crelianceon..inappropriate

Ddependenceon..difficult

Edifferencesfrom..impossible

8SCALPEL:

SURGEON:

:

Alaser:

agronomist

Bmagnet:

ecologist

Csyringe:

geologist

Dtelescope:

astronomer

Emicroscope:

geometrician

9APPLE:

FRUIT:

Aegg:

chicken

Brung:

chair

Cwool:

fabric

Dfuse:

dynamite

Ewick:

candle

10ENVELOPE:

LETTER:

Ascarf:

hat

Bbox:

bag

Ccrate:

produce

Dneck:

head

Eblood:

heart

11PANEGYRIC:

EULOGIZE:

Aballad:

stigmatize

Bode:

criticize

Clampoon:

satirize

Dtirade:

entertain

Etreatise:

dispute

12OVERDOSE:

PRESCRIPTION:

Adeprivation:

materialism

Bindiscretion:

convention

Caffliction:

sympathy

Dadventure:

expedition

Edrug:

medicine

13FRESCO:

WALL:

Afountain:

courtyard

Bparquetry:

floor

Cthatch:

roof

Dstatuary:

passage

Egargoyle:

gutter

14HAMMER:

ANVIL:

Aknocker:

door

Bstick:

gong

Chand:

drum

Dpestle:

mortar

Egavel:

lectern

15RELEVANT:

CRUCIAL:

Amarginal:

unique

Bperceptible:

obvious

Capparent:

real

Dperipheral:

central

Epossible:

desirable

16PERFUNCTORILY:

INSPIRATION:

Ainsolently:

veneration

Bardently:

passion

Cphlegmatically:

composure

Dsurreptitiously:

obsession

Ehaltingly:

reluctance

　　　Greatcomicartisneverother-

　　wordly,itdoesnotseektomystify

　　us,anditdoesnotdenyambiguityby

　　brandingasevilwhateverdiffersfrom

（5）good.Greatcomicartistsassumethat

　　truthmaybearalllights,andthusthey

　　seektoaccentuatecontradictionsin

　　socialaction,notglossoverortran-

　　scendthembyappealstoextrasocial

（10）symbolsofdivineends,cosmicpurpose,

　　orlawsofnature.Themomentof

　　transcendenceingreatcomicartisa

　　socialmoment,bornoutofthe

　　convictionthatwearehuman,even

（15）thoughwetrytobegods.Thecomic

　　communitytowhichartistsaddress

　　themselvesisacommunityofreasoning,

　　loving,joyful,compassionatebeings,

　　whoarewillingtoassumethehuman

（20）risksofactingrationally.Without

　　invokinggodsordemons,greatcomic

　　artarousescourageinreason,courage

　　whichgrowsoutoftrustinwhathuman

　　beingscandoashumans.

17Thepassagesuggeststhatgreat

comicartcanbecharacterizedas

optimisticabouttheabilityof

humansto

Aridthemselvesofpride

Btranscendthehumancondition

Cdifferentiateclearlybetween

goodandevil

Davoidsocialconflicts

Eactrationally

18Itcanbeinferredfromthepassage

thattheauthoradmiresgreatcomic

artistsprimarilyfortheir

Aabilitytounderstandthefrequently

subtledifferencesbetweengood

andevil

Babilitytoreconcilethecontradictions

inhumanbehavior

Cabilitytodistinguishbetweenrational

andirrationalbehavior

Dinsistenceonconfrontingthetruth

aboutthehumancondition

Einsistenceoncondemninghuman

faultsandweaknesses

19Whichofthefollowingisthemostaccurate

descriptionoftheorganizationofthe

passage?

AAsequenceofobservationsleading

toaprediction

BAlistofinferencesdrawnfromfacts

statedatthebeginningofthepassage

CAseriesofassertionsrelatedtoone

generalsubject

DAstatementofthemajoridea,followed

byspecificexamples

EAsuccessionofideasmovingfrom

specifictogeneral

Ithaslongbeenknownthatthe

　　rateofoxidativemetabolism（the

　　processthatusesoxygentoconvertfood

　　intoenergy）inanyanimalhasa

（5）profoundeffectonitslivingpatterns.

　　Thehighmetabolicrateofsmall

　　animals,forexample,givesthem

　　sustainedpowerandactivityperunitof

　　weight,butatthecostofrequiring

（10）constantconsumptionoffoodandwater.

　　Verylargeanimals,withtheir

　　relativelylowmetabolicrates,can

　　survivewellonasporadicfoodsupply,

　　butcangeneratelittlemetabolicenergy

（15）pergramofbodyweight.Ifonly

　　oxidativemetabolicrateisconsidered,

　　therefore,onemightassumethat

　　smaller,moreactive,animalscould

　　preyonlargerones,atleastifthey

（20）attackedingroups.Perhapstheycould

　　ifitwerenotforanaerobicglycolysis,

　　thegreatequalizer.

　　　Anaerobicglcolysisisaprocessin

　　whichenergyisproduced,without

（25）oxygen,throughthebreakdownofmuscle

　　glycogenintolacticacidandadenosine

　　tri-phosphate（ATP）,theenergy

　　provider.Theamountofenergythatcan

　　beproducedanaerobicallyisafunction

（30）oftheamountofglycogenpresent-inall

　　vertebratesabout0.5percentoftheir

　　muscles'

wetweight.Thustheanaerobic

　　energyreservesofavertebrateare

　　proportionaltothesizeoftheanimal.

（35）If,forexample,somepredatorshad

　　attackeda100-tondinosaur,normally

　　torpid,thedinosaurwouldhavebeen

　　abletogeneratealmostinstantaneously,

　　viaanaerobicglycolysis,theenergyof

（40）3,000humansatmaximumoxidative

　　metabolicenergyproduction.This

　　explainshowmanylargespecieshave

　　managedtocompetewiththeirmore

　　activeneighbor:

thecompensationfor

（45）alowoxidativemetabolicrateis

　　glycolysis.

　　　Therearelimitations,however,tothis

　　compensation.Theglycogenreserves

　　ofanyanimalaregood,atmost,for

（50）onlyabouttwominutesatmaximum

　　effort,afterwhichonlythenormal

　　oxidativemetabolicsourceofenergy

　　remains.Withtheconclusionofaburst

　　ofactivity,thelacticacidlevelis

（55）highinthebodyfluids,leavingthe

　　largeanimalvulnerabletoattackuntil

　　theacidisreconverted,viaoxidative

　　metabolism,bytheliverintoglucose,

　　whichisthensent（inpart）backtothe

（60）musclesforglycogenresynthesis.During

　　thisprocesstheenormousenergydebt

　　thattheanimalhasrunupthrough

　　anaerobicglycolysismustberepaid,a

　　debtthatisproportionallymuchgreater

（65）forthelargervertebratesthanforthe

　　smallerones.Whereasthetinyshrewcan

　　replaceinminutestheglycogenused

　　formaximumeffort,forexample,the

　　giganticdinosaurwouldhaverequired

（70）morethanthreeweeks.Itmightseem

　　thatthisinterminablylongrecovery

　　timeinalargevertebratewouldprove

　　agravedisadvantageforsurvival.

　　Fortunately,muscleglycogenisused

（75）onlywhenneededandeventhenonlyin

　　whateverquantityisnecessary.Onlyin

　　timesofpanicorduringmortalcombat

　　wouldtheentirereservesbeconsumed.

20Theprimarypurposeofthepassage

isto

Arefuteamisconceptionaboutanaerobic

glycolysis

Bintroduceanewhypothesisabout

anaerobicglycolysis

Cdescribethelimitationsofanaerobic

Danalyzethechemistryofanaerobic

glycolysisanditssimilaritytooxidative

metabolism

Eexplainanaerobicglycolysisandits

effectsonanimalsurvival

21Accordingtotheauthor,glycogen

iscrucialtotheprocessofanaerobic

glycolysisbecauseglycogen

Aincreasestheorganism'

sneedforATP

BreducestheamountofATPinthe

tissues

Cisaninhibitoroftheoxidative

metabolicproductionofATP

DensuresthatthesynthesisofATP

willoccurspeedily

EisthematerialfromwhichATPis

derived

22Accordingtotheauthor,amajor

limitationofanaerobicglycolysisis

thatitcan

Aproduceinlargeanimalsmorelactic

acidthanthelivercansafelyreconvert

Bnecessitateadangerouslylongrecovery

periodinlargeanimals

Cproduceenergymoreslowlythanit

canbeusedbylargeanimals

Dconsumealloftheavailableglycogen

regardlessofneed

Ereducesignificantlytherateatwhich

energyisproducedbyoxidative

23Thepassagesuggeststhatthetotal

anaerobicenergyreservesofavertebrate

areproportionaltothevertebrate'

ssize

because

Alargervertebratesconservemoreenergy

thansmallervertebrates

Blargervertebratesuselessoxygenper

unitweightthansmallervertebrates

Ctheabilityofavertebratet