Business English下TextbookWord格式文档下载.docx
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Couldwetiethisagreementto…?
Accepting
I/Weagree.
Thatseemsacceptable.
That’ssoundsgood.
That’sprobablyallright.
Soundslikeadeal.
It’sadeal.
Confirming
Canwerunthroughwhatwe’ve
agreedon?
I’dliketocheck/confirmwhat
we’vesaid.
Ithinkthisisagoodtime/pointto
repeatwhatwe’veagreedtosofar.
Summarizing
I’dliketorunthroughthemainpointsthatwe’vetalkedabout.
So,I’llsummarizetheimportantpointsofouroffer.
Canwesummarizetheproposalsinafewwords?
LookingAhead
So,thenextstepis…
Weneedtomeetagainsoon.
Inournextmeetingweneedto…
So,canweaskyouto…?
Beforethenextmeeting,we’ll…
Weneedtodrawupaformalcontract.
DealingWithConflict
Ithinkweshouldlookatthepointsweagreeon…
Weshouldfocusonthepositiveaspects…
Weshouldlookatthebenefitsforbothsides…
Itisinourjointintereststoresolvetheissue…
Whatdoyouthinkisafairwaytoresolvethisproblem?
Wehopeyoucanseeourpointofview…
Letusexplainourposition…
Couldyoutelluswhyyoufelllikethat?
Ithinkweshouldlookatthewholepackage—notsomuchatindividualareasofdifficulty.
Perhapswecouldadjournforalittlewhile.
Ithinkweneedtoconsidersomefreshideas.…
Rejecting
I’mafraidwecan’t…
Beforeagreeingtothat,wewouldneed…
Unfortunately,…
Idon’tthinkitwouldbesensibleforusto…
Ithinkifyouconsiderourposition,you’llseethat…
EndingNegotiations
So,canwesummarizetheprogresswe’vemade?
Canwegothroughthepointswe’veagreedon?
PerhapsifIcancheckthemainpoints,…
Sothenextstepis…
Whatweneedtodonowis…
It’sbeenaveryusefulandproductivemeeting.
Welookforwardtoasuccessfulpartnership.
BreakingOffNegotiations
Ithinkwe’vegoneasfaraswecan.
I’msorry,butIdon’tthinkwe’regoingtoagreetoadeal.
It’sapitywecouldn’treachagreementthistime.
Unfortunately,weappearunabletosettleourdifferences.
Itwouldbebetterifwelookedforsomeindependentarbitrator.
VocabularyIIA—Businesses&
theEconomy
BusinessandTypesofBusinesses
Business
Company
Firm
Concern
Businessistheproduction,buying,andsellingofgoodsandservices
Abusiness,company,orfirmisanorganizationthatsellsgoodsorservices.Abusinessmayalsobereferredtoformallyasaconcern.
Enterprise
FreeEnterprise
PrivateEnterprise
Commerce
Commercial
Abusinessmaybereferredtoapprovinglyasanenterprisetoemphasizeitsadventurous,risk-takingqualities,andbusinessingeneralmaybereferredtointhesameway,forexamplefreeenterpriseandprivateenterprise.
Businessisalsoreferredtoascommerce.Thiswordanditsadjectivecommercialareoftenusedtodistinguishthebusinessspherefromotherareassuchasgovernmentorthearts,ortodistinguishitfromnon-money-makingactivities.
TypesofBusinesses
Corporate
Corporation
Soleproprietorship
Partnership
Multinational
Bigbusiness
Smallbusiness
Smallfirm
Smallandmedium-sizedcompanies/
Enterprises（SMEs）
Mom-&
-pop-typebusiness
Largecompaniesarereferredtoascorporations,especiallyintheUnitedStates.Companieswhicharenotincorporated,andwhicharethereforenottechnicallycorporations,arecalledsole-proprietorships（oneowner）orpartnerships（multipleowners）.Mostaresmallormediumsized.
Corporateisusedtodescribethingsrelatingtoacorporation,ortocorporationsingeneral.
Largecompaniesoperatinginmanycountriesaremultinationals.
Bigbusinesscanrefertolargebusinessorganizationsortoanybusinessactivitythatmakesalotofmoney.
Smallcompaniesarereferredtoassmallbusinessesor
smallfirms.
Unlikesomelanguages,Englishdoesnothaveaneverydaytermforsmallandmedium-sizedcompanies,apartfromthisratherclumsyexpressionanditsabbreviation.Youdohoweverhear“momz-and-pop-typebusiness,”implyingthatitissmallandunsophisticated.
IndustriesandSectors
Industry
Sector
Publicsector
Privatesector
Manufacturingsector
ServiceSector
PrimarySector
SecondarySector
TertiarySector
Businessesmaybeclassifiedaccordingtowhichindustrytheyarein:
forexampleconstruction,oil,banking,food.
Sectorissometimesusedtomeanindustryinthesameway,particularlybyspecialistssuchasfinancialjournalists,butitismoreoftenusedtotalkaboutdifferentpartsoftheeconomyincombinationssuchaspublic/privatesectorortypesofbusinessesforexampletheservicesectororthemanufacturingsector.
Sometimesitisconvenienttodividethewholeeconomyintotheprimarysector–mainlyfarming,fishing,andmining;
secondarysector–mainlymanufacturing;
andthetertiarysector–mainlywholesale,retail,andservice.
PublicandPrivateSector
Nationalized
Nationalization
Privatized
Privatization
State-owned
Selloff/Sell-off
Utilities
Whenaprivatecompanyisboughtbythestateandbroughtintothepublicsector,itisnationalizedinaprocessofnationalization.Anationalizedcompanyisstate-owned.
Whenthestatereturnsacompanytotheprivatesectorinasell-off,itisprivatized.Thisisprivatization.
Thefirsttobesoldoffinaprivatizationprogramareoftenthecompaniesresponsibleforthepublicsupplyofelectricity,water,andgas:
theutilities.
Shares/Stock/Equity
Holding/Shareholding
Shareholder
Stake
Holdastake
Majoritystake
Controllingstake
Minoritystake
Stakes
IfcompanyAownsshares/stockorequityinCompanyB,Ahasorholdsastake,holding,orshareholdinginB.
IfAownslessthanhalfthesharesinB,ithasaminoritystakeinB.
IfAownsmorethanhalfthesharesinB,ithasamajoritystakeorcontrollingstakeinB.
Ifyouhavesharesinacompany,youareashareholder.
Holdingcompany
Subsidiary
Wholly-owned
Parentcompany
Sistercompany
Brother-sistercompany
Group
Conglomerate
Giant
ParentsandSisters
Aholdingorholdingcompanyisonethatholdsstakesinoneoremoresubsidiaries.Ifitownsallthesharesinasubsidiary,thesubsidiaryisawholly-ownedone.
Aholdingcompany’srelationshiptoitssubsidiariesisthatofparentcompany,andthesubsidiaries’relationshiptoeachotheristhatofsistercompanies.Aholdinganditssubsidiariesformagroup.Somepeoplerejectthetermsistercompanyassexist,andusebrother-sistercompanies.
Aconglomerateisagroupcontainingalotofdifferentcompaniesindifferentbusinesses,alsocalledgiantsbyjournalists.
LaunchingaBid（Acquisitions）
Takeover
Takeover
Takeoverbid
Takeovertarget
Launchabid
Hostilebid
Acquire
Makeanacquisition
CompanyXmightattempttogaincontrolofCompanyYinatakeoverbid,perhapsbyincreasingitsholdingorstakeincompanyYifitalreadyownssharesinY.
CompanyXmakesorlaunchesabidagainstcompanyY,thetakeovertarget.IfCompanyYdoesnotwanttobetakenover,thebidishostile.
Otherwaysofsayingthatonecompanyistakingoveranotheraretosaythatonecompanyisacquiringanotherormakinganacquisition.
JointVenture
Alliance
JointVenturesandAlliances
Twoormorecompaniesmaydecidetoworktogetherbysettingupajointventureorallianceinwhicheachholdsastake.
Mergers
Merge
Merger
Verticalintegration
Backwardintegration
Forwardintegration
Horizontalintegration
Whentwocompaniescombine,usuallyvoluntarily,theymergeinamerger.
Joiningwithfirmsinotherstagesoftheproductionorsaleofaproductiscalledverticalintegration.Ifyoumergeoracquireyoursupplier,thisiscalledbackwardintegration.Mergingwithoracquiringone’smarketingoutletsiscalledforwardintegration.
Horizontalintegrationiswhenonecompanymergeswithortakesoveranothercompanyproducingthesametypesofgoodsorservices.
VocabularyIIB—PeopleinBusiness
EntrepreneursandTycoons
Entrepreneur
Start-up
Magnate
Mogul
Tycoon
Anentrepreneurisusuallysomeonewhobuildsupacompanyfromnothing:
astart-upcompany.
Entrepreneursmayonedaybecometycoons,magnates,ormoguls:
richandsuccessfulpeoplewithpowerandinfluencewhoheadbigorganizations,usuallyonestheyhavebuiltupthemselvesandinwhichtheyhavealargepersonalstake.
ExecutivesandExecutivePay
Executive
Compensation
Compensation
Package
Remuneration
Remuneration
Bonuses
Benefits
Perks
Stockoptions
Anexecutiveisamanageratahighlevel,includingaCEO.Whentalkingaboutexecutivepay,compenationcanrefer,confusingly,totwodifferentthings:
♦whattopexecutivesgetforrunningacompany.
♦whattheygetonleavingacompany.
Apartfromsalary,anexecutive’scompensationpackagecaninclude:
bonuses:
extrapayments,sometimes,butnotalways,related
tothefirm’sperformance.
benefitsandperks（perquisites）rangingfromstockoptions,the
righttobuythecompany’ssharesatanadvantageousprice,to
achauffeur-drivencar.
Remunerationisalsousedtotalkaboutexecutives’salaryandbenefits
ExecutivePayoffs
GoldenHandshake
GoldenParachute
payment
payoff
payout
SeverancepackageSeverancepayment
Oust
Acompensatio
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