AgreementonTechnicalBarrierstoTrade世界贸易组织贸易技术壁垒协议Word下载.docx

AgreementonTechnicalBarrierstoTrade世界贸易组织贸易技术壁垒协议Word下载.docx

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Recognizingtheimportantcontributionthatinternationalstandardsandconformityassessmentsystemscanmakeinthisregardbyimprovingefficiencyofproductionandfacilitatingtheconductofinternationaltrade;

Desiringthereforetoencouragethedevelopmentofsuchinternationalstandardsandconformityassessmentsystems;

Desiringhowevertoensurethattechnicalregulationsandstandards,includingpackaging,markingandlabellingrequirements,andproceduresforassessmentofconformitywithtechnicalregulationsandstandardsdonotcreateunnecessaryobstaclestointernationaltrade;

Recognizingthatnocountryshouldbepreventedfromtakingmeasuresnecessarytoensurethequalityofitsexports,orfortheprotectionofhuman,animalorplantlifeorhealth,oftheenvironment,orforthepreventionofdeceptivepractices,atthelevelsitconsidersappropriate,subjecttotherequirementthattheyarenotappliedinamannerwhichwouldconstituteameansofarbitraryorunjustifiablediscriminationbetweencountrieswherethesameconditionsprevailoradisguisedrestrictiononinternationaltrade,andareotherwiseinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthisAgreement;

Recognizingthatnocountryshouldbepreventedfromtakingmeasuresnecessaryfortheprotectionofitsessentialsecurityinterest;

Recognizingthecontributionwhichinternationalstandardizationcanmaketothetransferoftechnologyfromdevelopedtodevelopingcountries;

Recognizingthatdevelopingcountriesmayencounterspecialdifficultiesintheformulationandapplicationoftechnicalregulationsandstandardsandproceduresforassessmentofconformitywithtechnicalregulationsandstandards,anddesiringtoassistthemintheirendeavoursinthisregard;

Herebyagreeasfollows:

Article1

GeneralProvisions

1.1Generaltermsforstandardizationandproceduresforassessmentofconformityshallnormally

havethemeaninggiventothembydefinitionsadoptedwithintheUnitedNationssystemandbyinternationalstandardizingbodiestakingintoaccounttheircontextandinthelightoftheobjectandpurposeofthisAgreement.

1.2However,forthepurposesofthisAgreementthemeaningofthetermsgiveninAnnex1applies.

1.3Allproducts,includingindustrialandagriculturalproducts,shallbesubjecttotheprovisions

ofthisAgreement.

1.4PurchasingspecificationspreparedbygovernmentalbodiesforproductionorconsumptionrequirementsofgovernmentalbodiesarenotsubjecttotheprovisionsofthisAgreementbutareaddressedintheAgreementonGovernmentProcurement,accordingtoitscoverage.

1.5TheprovisionsofthisAgreementdonotapplytosanitaryandphytosanitarymeasuresasdefinedinAnnexAoftheAgreementontheApplicationofSanitaryandPhytosanitaryMeasures.

1.6AllreferencesinthisAgreementtotechnicalregulations,standardsandconformityassessmentproceduresshallbeconstruedtoincludeanyamendmentstheretoandanyadditionstotherulesortheproductcoveragethereof,exceptamendmentsandadditionsofaninsignificantnature.

TECHNICALREGULATIONSANDSTANDARDS

Article2

Preparation,AdoptionandApplicationofTechnicalRegulations

byCentralGovernmentBodies

Withrespecttotheircentralgovernmentbodies:

2.1Membersshallensurethatinrespectoftechnicalregulations,productsimportedfromtheterritoryofanyMembershallbeaccordedtreatmentnolessfavourablethanthataccordedtolikeproductsofnationaloriginandtolikeproductsoriginatinginanyothercountry.

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2.2Membersshallensurethattechnicalregulationsarenotprepared,adoptedorappliedwitha

viewtoorwiththeeffectofcreatingunnecessaryobstaclestointernationaltrade.Forthispurpose,technicalregulationsshallnotbemoretrade-restrictivethannecessarytofulfilalegitimateobjective,takingaccountoftherisksnon-fulfilmentwouldcreate.Suchlegitimateobjectivesare,interalia:

nationalsecurityrequirements;

thepreventionofdeceptivepractices;

protectionofhumanhealthorsafety,animalorplantlifeorhealth,ortheenvironment.Inassessingsuchrisks,relevantelementsofconsiderationare,interalia:

availablescientificandtechnicalinformation,relatedprocessingtechnologyorintendedend-usesofproducts.

2.3Technicalregulationsshallnotbemaintainedifthecircumstancesorobjectivesgivingriseto

theiradoptionnolongerexistorifthechangedcircumstancesorobjectivescanbeaddressedinalesstrade-restrictivemanner.

2.4Wheretechnicalregulationsarerequiredandrelevantinternationalstandardsexistortheircompletionisimminent,Membersshallusethem,ortherelevantpartsofthem,asabasisfortheirtechnicalregulationsexceptwhensuchinternationalstandardsorrelevantpartswouldbeanineffectiveorinappropriatemeansforthefulfilmentofthelegitimateobjectivespursued,forinstancebecauseoffundamentalclimaticorgeographicalfactorsorfundamentaltechnologicalproblems.

2.5AMemberpreparing,adoptingorapplyingatechnicalregulationwhichmayhaveasignificanteffectontradeofotherMembersshall,upontherequestofanotherMember,explainthejustificationforthattechnicalregulationintermsoftheprovisionsofparagraphs2to4.Wheneveratechnicalregulationisprepared,adoptedorappliedforoneofthelegitimateobjectivesexplicitlymentionedinparagraph2,andisinaccordancewithrelevantinternationalstandards,itshallberebuttablypresumednottocreateanunnecessaryobstacletointernationaltrade.

2.6Withaviewtoharmonizingtechnicalregulationsonaswideabasisaspossible,Members

shallplayafullpart,withinthelimitsoftheirresources,inthepreparationbyappropriateinternationalstandardizingbodiesofinternationalstandardsforproductsforwhichtheyeitherhaveadopted,orexpecttoadopt,technicalregulations.

2.7Membersshallgivepositiveconsiderationtoacceptingasequivalenttechnicalregulationsof

otherMembers,eveniftheseregulationsdifferfromtheirown,providedtheyaresatisfiedthattheseregulationsadequatelyfulfiltheobjectivesoftheirownregulations.

2.8Whereverappropriate,Membersshallspecifytechnicalregulationsbasedonproductrequirementsintermsofperformanceratherthandesignordescriptivecharacteristics.

2.9Wheneverarelevantinternationalstandarddoesnotexistorthetechnicalcontentofaproposedtechnicalregulationisnotinaccordancewiththetechnicalcontentofrelevantinternationalstandards,andifthetechnicalregulationmayhaveasignificanteffectontradeofotherMembers,Membersshall:

2.9.1publishanoticeinapublicationatanearlyappropriatestage,insuchamannerastoenableinterestedpartiesinotherMemberstobecomeacquaintedwithit,thattheyproposetointroduceaparticulartechnicalregulation;

2.9.2notifyotherMembersthroughtheSecretariatoftheproductstobecoveredbytheproposedtechnicalregulation,togetherwithabriefindicationofitsobjectiveandrationale.Suchnotificationsshalltakeplaceatanearlyappropriatestage,whenamendmentscanstillbeintroducedandcommentstakenintoaccount;

2.9.3uponrequest,providetootherMembersparticularsorcopiesoftheproposed

technicalregulationand,wheneverpossible,identifythepartswhichinsubstancedeviatefromrelevantinternationalstandards;

2.9.4withoutdiscrimination,allowreasonabletimeforotherMemberstomakecommentsinwriting,discussthesecommentsuponrequest,andtakethesewrittencommentsandtheresultsofthesediscussionsintoaccount.

2.10Subjecttotheprovisionsinthelead-intoparagraph9,whereurgentproblemsofsafety,health,environmentalprotectionornationalsecurityariseorthreatentoariseforaMember,thatMembermayomitsuchofthestepsenumeratedinparagraph9asitfindsnecessary,providedthattheMember,uponadoptionofatechnicalregulation,shall:

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2.10.1notifyimmediatelyotherMembersthroughtheSecretariatoftheparticulartechnicalregulationandtheproductscovered,withabriefindicationoftheobjectiveandtherationaleofthetechnicalregulation,includingthenatureoftheurgentproblems;

2.10.2uponrequest,provideotherMemberswithcopiesofthetechnicalregulation;

2.10.3withoutdiscrimination,allowotherMemberstopresenttheircommentsinwriting,discussthesecommentsuponrequest,andtakethesewrittencommentsandtheresultsofthesediscussionsintoaccount.

2.11MembersshallensurethatalltechnicalregulationswhichhavebeenadoptedarepublishedpromptlyorotherwisemadeavailableinsuchamannerastoenableinterestedpartiesinotherMemberstobecomeacquaintedwiththem.

2.12Exceptinthoseurgentcircumstancesreferredtoinparagraph10,MembersshallallowareasonableintervalbetweenthepublicationoftechnicalregulationsandtheirentryintoforceinordertoallowtimeforproducersinexportingMembers,andparticularlyindevelopingcountryMembers,toadapttheirproductsormethodsofproductiontotherequirementsoftheimportingMember.

Article3Preparation,AdoptionandApplicationofTechnicalRegulationsbyLocalGovernmentBodiesandNon-GovernmentalBodiesWithrespecttotheirlocalgovernmentandnon-governmentalbodieswithintheirterritories:

3.1MembersshalltakesuchreasonablemeasuresasmaybeavailabletothemtoensurecompliancebysuchbodieswiththeprovisionsofArticle2,withtheexceptionoftheobligationtonotifyasreferredtoinparagraphs9.2and10.1ofArtic