考研英语一真题Word文档格式.docx

考研英语一真题Word文档格式.docx

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　　Doubtlessapieceofboiledbeefcanalwaysbe16uponSundayalongsidesomesteamedvegetables,withouttheYorkshirepuddingandnowine.Butwouldlifebeworthliving?

17,theFSAsaysitisnottellingpeopletocutoutroastfoods18,butreducetheirlifetimeintake.Howeverits19riskscomingacrossasbeingpushyandoverprotective.Constanthealthscaresjust20withonelistening.

　　1.[A]In[B]Towards[C]On[D]Till

　　2.[A]match[B]express[C]satisfy[D]influence

　　3.[A]patience[B]enjoyment[C]surprise[D]concern

　　4.[A]intensified[B]privileged[C]compelled[D]guaranteed

　　5.[A]issued[B]received[C]compelled[D]guaranteed

　　6.[A]under[B]at[C]for[D]by

　　7.[A]forget[B]regret[C]finish[D]avoid

　　8.[A]partially[B]regularly[C]easily[D]initially

　　9.[A]Unless[B]Since[C]If[D]While

　　10.[A]secondary[B]external[C]conclusive[D]negative

　　11.[A]insufficient[B]bound[C]likely[D]slow

　　12.[A]Onthebasisof[B]Atthecostof[C]Inadditionto[D]Incontrastto

　　13.[A]interesting[B]advisable[C]urgent[D]fortunate

　　14.[A]Asusual[B]Inparticular[C]Bydefinition[D]Afterall

　　15.[A]resemblance[B]combination[C]connection[D]pattern

　　16.[A]made[B]served[C]saved[D]used

　　17.[A]Tobefair[B]Forinstance[C]Tobebrief[D]Ingeneral

　　18.[A]reluctantly[B]entirely[C]gradually[D]carefully

　　19.[A]promise[B]experience[C]campaign[D]competition

　　20.[A]followup[B]pickup[C]openup[D]endup.

　　SectionIIReadingComprehension

　　PartADirections:

　　Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C],or[D].MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）

　　Text1

　　AgroupoflabourMPs,amongthemYvetteCooper,arebringinginthenewyearwithacalltoinstituteaUK“townofculture”award.Theproposalisthatitshouldsitalongsidetheexistingcityofculturetitle,whichwasheldbyHullin2017andhasbeenawardedtoCoventryforzoz1.CooperandhercolleaguesarguethatthesuccessofthecrownforHull,whereitbroughtin£

220mofinvestmentandanavalancheofarts,outnottobeconfinedtocities.Britain’town,itistruearenotpreventedfromapplying,buttheygenerallylacktheresourcestoputtogetherabittobeattheirbiggercompetitions.Atownofcultureawardcould,itisargued,becomeanannualevent,attractingfundingandcreatingjobs.

　　SomemightseetheproposalasaboobyprizeforthefactthatBritainisnolongerbeabletoapplyforthemuchmoreprestigioustitleofEuropeancapitalofculture,asough-afterawardbaggedbyGlasgowin1990andLiverpoolin2008.AcynicmightspeculatethattheUKisonthe

　　vergeofdisappearingintoanendlessfeverofself-celebrationinitsdesperationtoreinventitselfforthepost-Brexitworld:

aftertownofculture,whoknowsthatwillfollow—villageofculture?

Suburbofculture?

Hamletofculture?

　　Itisalsowiselorecallthatsuchtitlesarenotacure-all.Abadlyrun“yearofculture”washesinandoutofaplacelikethetide,bringingprominenceforaspellbutleavingnolastingbenefitstothecommunity.Thereallysuccessfulholdersofsuchtitlesarethosethatdoagreatdealmorethanfillhotelbedroomsandbringinhigh-profileartseventsandgoodpressforayear.Theytransformtheaspirationsofthepeoplewholivethere;

theynudgetheself-imageofthecityintoabolderandmoreoptimisticlight.Itishardtogetright,andrequiresaremarkabledegreeofvision,aswellascooperationbetweencityauthorities,theprivatesector,community.groupsandculturalorganisations.Butitcanbedone:

Glasgow’syearasEuropeancapitalofculturecancertainlybeseenasoneofcomplexseriesoffactorsthathaveturnedthecityintothepowerofart,musicandtheatrethatitremainstoday.

　　A“townofculture”couldbenotjustabouttheartsbutabouthonouringatown’speculiarities

　　—helpingsustainitshighstreet,supportinglocalfacilitiesandaboveallcelebratingitspeopleandturnitintoaction.

　　21.Cooperandhercolleaguesarguethata“townofculture”awardcould

　　[A]consolidatethetown-citytiesinBritain.

　　[B]promotecooperationamongBritain’stowns.

　　[C]increasetheeconomicstrengthofBritain’stowns.

　　[D]focusBritain’slimitedresourcesonculturalevents.

　　22.AccordingtoParagraph2,theproposalmightberegardedbysomeas

　　[A]asensiblecompromise.

　　[B]aself-deceivingattempt.

　　[C]aneye-catchingbonus.

　　[D]aninaccessibletarget.

　　23.Theauthorsuggeststhatatitleholderissuccessfulonlyifit

　　[A]endeavourstomaintainitsimage.

　　[B]meetstheaspirationsofitspeople.

　　[C]bringsitslocalartstoprominence.

　　[D]commitstoitslong-termgrowth.

　　24.GlasgowismentionedinParagraph3topresent

　　[A]acontrastingcase.（B]asupportingexample.

　　[C]abackgroundstory.

　　[D]arelatedtopic.

　　25.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheproposal?

　　[A]Skeptical.

　　[B]Objective.

　　[C]Favourable.

[D]Critical.

Text2

　　Scientificpublishinghaslongbeenalicencetoprintmoney.Scientistsneedjournalsinwhichtopublishtheirresearch,sotheywillsupplythearticleswithoutmonetaryreward.Otherscientistsperformthespecialisedworkofpeerreviewalsoforfree,becauseitisacentralelementintheacquisitionofstatusandtheproductionofscientificknowledge.

　　Withthecontentofpaperssecuredforfree,thepublisherneedsonlyfindamarketforitsjournal.Untilthiscentury,universitylibrarieswerenotverypricesensitive.Scientificpublishersroutinelyreportprofitmarginsapproaching40%ontheiroperations,atatimewhentherestofthepublishingindustryisinanexistentialcrisis.

　　TheDutchgiantElsevier,whichclaimstopublish25%ofthescientificpapersproducedintheworld,madeprofitsofmorethan£

900mlastyear,whileUKuniversitiesalonespentmorethan£

210min2016toenableresearcherstoaccesstheirownpubliclyfundedresearch;

bothfiguresseemtoriseunstoppablydespiteincreasinglydesperateeffortstochangethem.

　　Themostdrastic,andthoroughlyillegal,reactionhasbeentheemergenceofSci-Hub,akindofglobalphotocopierforscientificpapers,setupin2012,whichnowclaimstoofferaccesstoeverypaywalledarticlepublishedsince2015.ThesuccessofSci-Hub,whichreliesonresearcherspassingoncopiestheyhavethemselveslegallyaccessed,showsthelegalecosystemhaslostlegitimacyamongisusersandmustbetransformedsothatitworksforallparticipants.

　　InBritainthemovetowardsopenaccesspublishinghasbeendrivenbyfundingbodies.Insomewaysithasbeenverysuccessful.MorethanhalfofallBritishscientificresearchisnow

　　publishedunderopenaccessterms:

eitherfreelyavailablefromthemomentofpublication,orpaywalledforayearormoresothatthepublisherscanmakeaprofitbeforebeingplacedongeneralrelease.

　　Yetthenewsystemhasnotworkedoutanycheaperfortheuniversities.Publishershaverespondedtothedemandthattheymaketheirproductfreetoreadersbychargingtheirwritersfeestocoverthecostsofpreparinganarticle.Theserangefromaround£

500to$5,000.Areportlastyearpointedoutthatthecostsbothofsubscriptionsandofthese“articlepreparationcosts"

hadbeensteadilyrisingatarateaboveinflation.Insomewaysthescientificpublishingmodelresemblestheeconomyofthesocialinternet:

labourisprovidedfreeinexchangeforthehopeofstatus,whilehugeprofitsaremadebyafewbigfirmswhorunthemarketplaces.Inbothcases,weneedarebalancingofpower.

　　26.Scientificpublishingisseenas“alicencetoprintmoney”partlybecause

　　[A]itsfundinghasenjoyedasteadyincrease.

　　[B]itsmarketingstrategyhasbeensuccessful.

　　[C]itspaymentforpeerreviewisreduced.

　　[D]itscontentacquisitioncostsnothing.

　　27.AccordingtoParagraphs2and3,scientificpublishersElsevierhave

　　[A]thrivedmainlyonuniversitylibraries.

　　[B]gonethroughanexistentialcrisis.

　　[C]revivedthepublishingindustry.

　　[D]financedresearchersgenerously.

　　28.HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesuccessofSci-Hub?

　　[A]Relieved.

　　[B]Puzzled.

　　[C]Concerned.

　　[D]Encouraged.

　　29.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphs5and6thatopenaccessterms.

　　[A]allowpublisherssomeroomtom