考研1988年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题精编Word文档格式.docx

考研1988年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题精编Word文档格式.docx

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ANSWER:

[A]

1.Ididn’tbuytheapples;

shegavethemtomenothing.[A]with

[B]as

[C]for

[D]by

2.It’smypowertomakefinaldecisiononthematter.[A]off

[B]outside[C]above[D]beyond

3.IshouldsayHenryisnot

muchawriterasareporter.

[A]that[B]so[C]this[D]as

4.Iwon’tpay20forthecoat;

it’snotworth.[A]allthatmuch

[B]thatmuchall

[C]thatallmuch[D]muchallthat

5.Hedidn’tgointodetailonthesubject;

hespoke.[A]incommon

[B]ingeneral[C]inparticular[D]inshort

6.It’struethattheoldroadislessdirectandabitlonger.Wewon’ttakethenewone,,becausewedon’tfeelassafeonit.

[A]somehow[B]though[C]therefore[D]otherwise

7.Whenyouareaboutthroughthestory,trytomakeaguesshowtheplotwilldevelop.[A]half

[B]midway[C]halfway[D]one-half

8.Thoughalreadyateenager,Peterstillfindsithardtohisfavoritetoys.[A]partoff

[B]partwith[C]partaway[D]partfrom

9.Strenuouseffortshavebeenmadetogovernmentexpensestoadesirablelevel.[A]cutdown

[B]cutshort[C]cutout[D]cutoff

10.Whenataparty,besurenottofromthepersonwhotriestoengageyouinconversation.

[A]turndown[B]turnaway[C]turnoff[D]turnback

11.Thesurvivalofsomewildanimalsisnotveryhighastheyareruthlesslyhuntedfortheirskins.[A]rate

[B]degree[C]ratio[D]scale

12.Hewasadmittancetothetheatrefornotbeingproperlydressed.[A]denied

[B]rejected[C]repelled[D]deprived

13.WhenIaskyouaquestion,Iexpecta

answer.

[A]punctual[B]fast

[C]rapid[D]prompt

14.Ifamanislegallyseparatedfromhiswife,ishestillforherdebts?

[A]answerable

[B]chargeable[C]recoverable[D]payable

15.Atthemeeting,Rolandarguedinfavoroftheproposal.[A]severely

[B]heavily[C]forcefully[D]warmly

Eachofthethreepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswers.Readthepassagescarefullyandchosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.（20points）

Text1

Itdoesn’tcomeasasurprisetoyoutorealizethatitmakesnodifferencewhatyoureadorstudyifyoucan’trememberit.Youjustwasteyourvaluabletime.Maybeyouhavealreadydiscoveredsomecleverwaystokeepyourselffromforgetting.

Onedependableaidthatdoeshelpyourememberwhatyoustudyistohaveaspecificpurposeorreasonforreading.Yourememberbetterwhatyoureadwhenyouknowwhyyou’rereading.

Whydoesaclerkinastoregoawayandleaveyouwhenyourreplytoheroffertohelpis,“No,thankyou.I’mjustlooking”?

Bothyouandsheknowthatifyouaren’tsurewhatyouwant,youarenotlikelytofindit.Butsupposeyousayinstead,“Yes,thankyou.Iwantapairofsunglasses.”Shesays,“Rightthisway,please.”Andyouandsheareoff--botheagertolookforexactlywhatyouwant.

It’squitethesamewithyourstudying.Ifyouchoseabookatrandom,“justlooking”fornothinginparticular,youarelikelytogetjustthat--nothing.Butifyoudoknowwhatyouwant,andifyouhavetherightbook,youarealmostsuretogetit.Yourreasonswillvary;

theywillincludereadingorstudying“tofindoutmoreabout”,“tounderstandthereasonsfor”,“tofindouthow”.Agoodstudenthasaclearpurposeorreasonforwhatheisdoing.

Thisisthewayitworks.Beforeyoustarttostudy,yousaytoyourselfsomethinglikethis,“IwanttoknowwhyStephenVincentBenethappenedtowriteaboutAmerica.I’mreadingthisarticletofindout.”Or,“I’mgoingtoskimthisstorytoseewhatlifewaslikeinmedievalEngland.”Becauseyouknowwhyyouarereadingorstudying,yourelatetheinformationtoyourpurposeandrememberitbetter.

Readingisnotonesingleactivity.Atleasttwoimportantprocessesgoonatthesametime.Asyouread,youtakeinideasrapidlyandaccurately.Butatthesametimeyouexpressyourownideastoyourselfasyoureacttowhatyouread.Youhaveakindofmentalconversationwiththeauthor.Ifyouexpressedyourideasorally,theymightsoundlikethis:

“Yes,Iagree.That’smyopiniontoo.”or“Ummmm,Ithoughtthatrecordwasbrokenmuchearlier.I’dbettercheckthosedates,”or“Buttherearesomeotherfactstobeconsidered!

”Youdon’tjustsittheretakinginideas--youdosomethingelse,andthatsomethingelseisveryimportant.

Thisadditionalprocessofthinkingaboutwhatyoureadincludesevaluatingit,relatingittowhatyoualreadyknow,

youhavediscovered,isdistinguishingbetweenfactsandopinions.Factscanbecheckedbyevidence.Opinionsareone’sownpersonalreactions.

Anotherpartofcriticalreadingisjudgingsources.Stillanotherpartisdrawingaccurateinferences.

16.Ifyoucannotrememberwhatyoureadorstudy,.[A]itisnosurprise

[B]itmeansyouhavenotreallylearnedanything[C]itmeansyouhavenotchosentherightbook[D]yourealizeitisofnoimportance

17.Beforeyoustartreading,itisimportant.[A]tomakesurewhyyouarereading

[B]torelatetheinformationtoyourpurpose[C]torememberwhatyouread

[D]tochooseaninterestingbook

18.Readingactivityinvolves.[A]onlytwosimultaneousprocesses

[B]primarilylearningaboutideasandevaluatingthemcritically[C]merelydistinguishingbetweenfactsandopinions

[D]mainlydrawingaccurateinferences

19.Agoodreaderisonewho.

[A]relateswhathereadstohisownknowledgeaboutthesubjectmatter[B]doeslotsofthinkinginhisreading

[C]takesacriticalattitudeinhisreading

[D]isabletocheckthefactspresentedagainstwhathehasalreadyknownText2

Ifyouliveinalargecity,youarequitefamiliarwithsomeoftheproblemsofnoise,butbecauseofsomeofitsharmfuleffects,youmaynotbeawareoftheextentofitsinfluenceonhumanbehavior.Althougheveryonemoreorlessknowswhatnoiseis,i.e.,itissoundsthatonewouldrathernothear,itisperhapsbesttodefineitmorepreciselyforscientificpurposes.Onesuchdefinitionisthatnoiseissoundsthatareunrelatedtothetaskathand.

whatoneisdoingatthemoment.Inrecentyearstherehasbeenagreatdealofinterestintheeffectsofnoiseonhumanbehavior,andconceptssuchas“noisepollution”havearisen,togetherwithmovementstoreducenoise.

Exposuretoloudnoisescandefinitelyproduceapartialorcompletelossofhearing,dependingontheintensity,duration,andfrequencycompositionofthenoise.Manyjobspresentnoisehazards,suchasworkinginfactoriesandaroundjetaircraft,drivingfarmtractors,andworking（orsitting）inmusichallswhererockbandsareplaying.Ingeneral,continuousexposuretosoundsofover80decibels（ameasureoftheloudnessofsound）canbeconsidereddangerous.Decibelvaluescorrespondtovarioussounds.Soundsaboveabout85decibelsmay,ifexposureisforasufficientperiodoftime,producesignificanthearingloss.Actuallosswilldependupontheparticularfrequenciestowhichoneisexposed,andwhetherthesoundiscontinuousorintermittent.

Noisecanhaveunexpectedharmfuleffectsonperformanceofcertainkindsoftasks,forinstance,ifoneisperformingawatchkeepingtaskthatrequiresvigilance,inwhichheisresponsiblefordetectingweaksignalsofsomekind（e.g.,watchingaradarscreenfortheappearanceofaircraft）.

Communicatingwithotherpeopleisunfavorablyaffectedbynoise.Ifyouhaveriddenintherearofajettransport,youmayhavenoticedthatitwasdifficulttocarryonaconversationatfirst,andthat,eventually,youadjustedtheloudnessofyourspeechtocompensatefortheeffect.Theproblemisnoise.

20.Noisediffersfromsoundinthat.

[A]itissoundsthatinterferewiththetaskbeingdone[B]itisaspecialtypeofloudsound

[C]itisusuallyunavoidableinbigcities

[D]itcanbedefinedmorepreciselythanthelatter

21.Oneoftheharmfuleffectsofnoiseonhumanperformanceisthat.[A]itreducesone’ssensitivity

[B]itrendersthevictimhelpless

[C]itdeprivesoneoftheenjoymentofmusic[D]itdrownsoutconversationsatworksites

22.Thepurposeofthispassageis.

[A]todefinetheeffectsofnoiseonhumanbehavior[B]towarnpeopleofthedangerofnoisepollution

[D]totellthedifferencebetweennoiseandsoundText3

Thetraditionalbeliefthatawoman’splaceisinthehomeandthatawomanoughtnottogoouttoworkcanhardlybereasonablymaintainedinpresentconditions.Itissaidthatitisawoman’stasktocareforthechildren,butfamiliestodaytendtobesmallandwithayearortwobetweenchildren.Thusawoman’swholeperiodofchildbearingmayoccurwithinfiveyears.Furthermore,withcompulsoryeducationfromtheageoffiveorsixherroleaschiefeducatorofherchildrensoonceases.Thus,evenifweagreethatawomanshouldstayathometolookafterherchildrenbeforetheyareofschoolage,formanywomen,thisperiodwouldextendonlyforabouttenyears.

Itmightbearguedthatthehouse-proudwomanwouldstillfindplentytodoaboutthehome.Thatmaybeso,butitiscertainlynolongernecessaryforawomantospendherwholelifecooking,cleaning,mendingandsewing.Washingmachinestakethedrudgeryoutoflaundry,thelatestmodelsbeingentirelyautomaticandabletowashanddryalargequantityofclothesinafewminutes.Refrigeratorshavemadeitpossibletostorefoodforlon