英语语言学概论一文档格式.docx
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language
called
morpheme___.
5.
According
to
Saussure,
a
linguistic
sign
composed
signifier_
signified__.
6.
General
based
on
view
that
as
system
three
aspects:
sound,
structure_
meaning.
7.
Monophthongs
diphthongs__
two
major
types
vowels.
8.
Sequences
possible
but
do
not
occur
yet
accidental__
gap,
e.g.
/blik/,
/bilk/,
/klib/,
/kilb/.
9.
Meanings_
sounds
_
make
up
subsystems
language.
10.
used
talk
about
metalanguage__.
11.
M.A.K.
Halliday,
plays
metafunctions
simultaneously:
ideational
function,
interpersonal__
function
textual___
function.
12.
Chinese
typical
tone___
language.
M
（mother）,
m
（hemp）
（horse）
（scold）,
for
example,
four
distinguished
words.
13.
total
number
words
stored
brain
lexicon__,
which
understood
mental
dictionary.
14.
Words
like
went,
related
form
indicate
grammatical
contrast
with
root,
suppletives_____.
15.
Semantics__
defined
study
16.
Synonym__
have
forms
similar
meanings.
II.Indicatethefollowingstatementstrueorfalse.PutTfortrueandFforfalseinthebrackets:
（T
）1.TheSwisslinguistdeSaussureregardedthelinguisticsignascomposedofsoundimageandreferent.
（F）2.Chineseisanagglutinatinglanguage.
（F）3.Notallvowelsarevoiced.
（F）4.Ifsegmentsappearinthesamepositionbutthemutualsubstitutiondoesnotresultinchangeofmeaning,theyaresaidtobeinfreevariation.
（F）5.Agreenbottleisatypeofbottle.
（
T）6.Productivityisthefirstandforemoststrikingfeatureofhumanlanguage.
（F）7.Languagecontainstwosubsystems,oneofspeakingandtheotherofwriting.
（T）8.Languagecanbeusedtorefertothingsrealorimagined,past,presentorfuture.
（T）9.Modernlinguisticsisprescriptiveratherthandescriptive.
（F）10.ThestudyofspeechsoundsiscalledPhonology.
（
F）11.Thevoicelessbilabialstopinpinandtheoneinspinareincomplementarydistribution.
（F）12.Toneisthevariationofpitchtodistinguishutterancemeaning.
（T）13.Compounding,thecombinationoffreemorphemes,isacommonwaytoformwords.
（F）14.Inthephrasesaherdofcattle,aflockofsheep,bothcattleandsheepcontainonlyonemorpheme.
（F）15.Themeaningofcompoundsisalwaysthesumofmeaningofthecompounds.
III.MultipleChoice
1.___isthefirstandforemoststrikingfeatureofhumanlanguage.（C）
A.DualityB.ArbitrarinessC.CreativityD.Displacement
2.WhichofthefollowingdoesnotbelongtothelanguagemetafunctionsillustratedbyM.A.K.Halliday?
.（D）
A.IdeationalfunctionB.Interpersonalfunction
C.Textualfunction.D.Logicalfunction
3.Thestudyofspeechsoundsiscalled________..（A）
A.PhoneticsB.Articulatoryphonetics
C.PhonologyD.AcousticPhonetics
4.Everysyllablehasa（n）_______,whichisusuallyavowel..（B）
A.onsetB.nucleusC.codaD.rhyme
5.Whichofthefollowingdoesnotbelongtosuprasegmentalfeatures?
A.StressB.IntonationC.ToneD.Syllable
6.________isdefinedasthestudyoftheinternalstructureandtheformationofwords..（A）
A.MorphologyB.SyntaxC.LexiconD.Morpheme
7._____isaprocessthatputsanexistingwordofoneclassintoanotherclass..（D）
A.ClippingB.BlendingC.EponymD.Conversion
8.Inthephrasesaherdofcattle,aflockofsheep,bothcattleandsheepcontain_____morphemes..（B）
A.oneB.twoC.threeD.four
9.Sipandzip,tipanddip,mapandnap,etc,areall______..（B）
A.minimalpairsB.minimalsetsC.allophonesD.phones
IV.Foreachgroupofsoundslistedbelow,statethephoneticfeature（s）thenshare:
Example:
[s][f][p][h]voiceless
1）[g][z][d]voiced
2）[v][h][s]fricative
3）[m][p][b][f][v]labial
4）[t][d][n][l][s][z]alveolar
5）[i:
][i][u][u:
]high
V.Transcribethesoundrepresentedbytheunderlinedletter（s）inthewordsandthendescribeit.
heat[i:
]vowelfronthigh
a）photo/f/coiceless
labiodental
fricative
b）write/r/alveolar
retroflex
liquid
c）car/a:
/low
back
vowel
d）actor/k/voicelsss
velar
stop
e）city/i/lax
high
front
f）city/s/voiceless
alveolar
frocative
g）worry/w/labiovelar
glide
h）yes/j/palatal
glide
VI.Writethephoneticsymbolthatcorrespondstothearticulatorydescription.
vowelfronthigh[i:
]
1bilabialnasal
2voicedlabiovelarglide
3literalliquid
4voicedbilabialstop
5fronthighlax
VII.Pronouncethewordskeyandcore,skiandscore,payingattentiontothephoneme/k/.Whatdifferencedoyounoticebetweenthefirstpairandthesecondpairintermsofthephoneticfeaturesofthevoicelessvelarstop?
In
pronouncing
key,the
voiceless
valar
palatalized.In
key
core
aspirated.
ski,the
also
palatalized.
ski
score,
unaspirated.
VIII.Considerthefollowingwordsandanswerthequestionsbelow:
a）finger1
b）disgraceful3
c）stepsister2
underline
sister
d）psycholinguistics
4
e）antidisestablishmentarianism7
establish
i.Tellthenumberofmorphemesineachword.
ii.Underlinethefreemorphemesineachwordwherepossibletodoso.
IX.Identifythedifferencebetweenagreenhouseandagreenhouse,andthedifferencebetweenasleepingcarandasleepingbaby.
A
greenhouse,
stree
green,
green
house
the
stress
house.
X.Definethefollowingterm,givingexamplesforillustration:
Allophone
Greenhouse
compound
word;
noun
phrase.
greenhouse
refers
building
sides
roof
glass,
growing
plants
need
protection
from
weather,while
whose
colour
green.
XI.Drawtreediagramsforthefollowingtwosentences:
1.Aclevermagicianfooledtheaudience.A
sleeping
car
2.Thetoweronthehillcollapsedinthewind.
sleeping
3.Theycanfish.a
baby,
baby
4.PatfoundabookonWallStreet.A
car
means
one
sleep
5.Isawthemanwithatelescope.A
baby
who
sleeping.
XII.Explaintheambiguityofthefollowingsentences.
a.Thisisabeautifulgirl’sdress.
This
dress
beautiful
girls.
b.Thosewhowenttherequicklymadeafortune.
Those
quickly
went
there
made
fortune.
fortune
quickly.
c.Awomanmurderer
murderer
woman.
has
killed
woman.
XIII.Telltheprocessofwordformationillustratedbytheexampleandfindasmanywordsasyoucanthatareformedinthesameway.
（1）fluclipping
（2）OPECacronyming
（3）Nobeleponyming
（4）televiseback
formation
（5）better（v.）
conversion
XIV.Howwouldyoureadthephrasesinthetwocolumns?
Whatdoeseachofthemmean?
ColumnIColumnII
a.TheWhiteHouseawhitehouse
b.aredcoataredcoat
a.abluebirdabluebird
b.alighthousekeeperalighthousekeeper
XV.Explaintherelationbetweenbank1（thesideofariver）andbank2（thefinancialinstitute）.
XVI.Identifythetypeoftransitivityprocessineachofthefollowingsentences.
（1）Johnwashedthecar.
（2）Johnlikesthecar.
XVII.Answerthefollowingquestion:
WhatarethethreemetafunctionsaccordingtoHalliday?
《英语语言学概论》二
I.Indicatethefollowingstatementstrueorfalse.PutTfortrueandFforfalseinthebrackets:
（False）1.Pragmaticsisconcernedwithspeakermeaning.
（True）2.Thereferenceofadeixistoaprecedingexpressionistechnicallytermedcataphoricreference.
II.MultipleChoice
1.Bothprettyandhandsomemeangood-lookingbuttheydifferin_ABD_______meaning.
A.collocativeB.socialC.affectiveD.reflected
2.__B____referstohavingtherighttospeakbyturns.
A.AdjacencypairsB.Turn-talking
C.PreferredsecondpartsD.Insertionsequences
3.BritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishare___C___varietiesoftheEnglishlanguage.
A.functionalB.socialC.regionalD.standard
4.___B___istheapproximatelanguagesystemthatthelearnerconstructsforuseincommunicationthroughthetargetlanguage.
A.MetalanguageB.InterlanguageC.SignD.Esperanto
5.In__C___stage,childrenusesinglewordstorepresentvariousmeanings.
A.telegraphicB.two-wordC.holophrasticD.babbling
6.___A___isatermwidelyusedinsociolinguisticstoreferto“varietiesaccordingtouse.”
A.RegisterB.FieldC.ModeD.Tenor
III.Tellthesemanticrelationwithinthegivensentenceandthatbetweenthetwosentences.
1.Myuncleismale.tautology
2.Thespinsterismarried.contradiction
3.Jimisanorphan.Jimliveswithhisparents.inconsistency
4.SamisthehusbandofSally.SallyisthewifeofSam.synonymy
5.HehasgonetoLondon.HehasgonetoEngland.entailment
IV.DataAnalysis:
1.WhatistheillocutionofA’sutteranceinthefollowingbriefencounter?
A:
Youareinanon-smokingzone,sir.
B:
Thanks（extinguishingthecigarette）.
AwantstostopBfromsmokingthere
2.Whatkindofpre-sequenceisA’sfirstutterance?
（Hint:
AandBaretwosecretariesworkinginthesameoffice.）
Areyoug
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