大学英语四级考试模拟题文档格式.docx

大学英语四级考试模拟题文档格式.docx

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Y（forYES）ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;

N（forNO）ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;

NG（forNOTGIVEN）iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.

Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

ScientistsWeighOptionsforRebuildingNewOrleans

　　Asexpertsponderhowbesttorebuildthedevastated（毁坏）city,onequestioniswhethertowalloff—orworkwith—thewater.

　　EvenbeforethedeathtollfromHurricaneKatrinaistallied,scientistsarecautiouslybeginningtodiscussthefutureofNewOrleans.FewseemtodoubtthatthisvitalheartofU.S.commerceandculturewillberestored,butexactlyhowtorebuildthecityanditsdefensestoavoidarepeatcatastropheisanopenquestion.PlansforimprovingitsleveesandrestoringthebarrierofwetlandsaroundNewOrleanshavebeenonthetablesince1998,butfederaldollarsneededtoimplementthemneverarrived.Afterthetragedy,that'

sboundtochange,saysJohnDay,anecologistatLouisianaStateUniversity（LSU）inBatonRouge.Andifthereisanupsidetothedisaster,hesays,it'

sthat'

nowwe'

vegotacleanslatetostartfrom."

　　ManyarelookingforguidancetotheNetherlands,acountrythat,justlikebowl-shapedNewOrleans,sitsmostlybelowsealevel,keepingthewateratbaywithaconstructionofamazingscaleandcomplexity.Others,pointingtoVenice'

slong-standingadaptations,sayit'

sbesttoletwaterflowthroughthecity,depositingsedimenttooffsetgeologicsubsidence—amodelthatwouldrequirearadicalrethinkingofarchitecture.Anotherideaistoletnaturehelpbyrestoringthewetlandbuffersbetweenseaandcity.

　　Butbeforetheoptionscanbeweighed,severalunknownswillhavetobeaddressed.Oneispreciselyhowthecurrentdefensesfailed.Toanswerthat,LSUcoastalscientistsPaulKempandHassanMashriquiarepickingtheirwaythroughthedestroyedcityandsurroundingregion,reconstructingthesizeofwatersurgesbymeasuringtelltalemarksleftonthesidesofbuildingsandhighwaystructures.TheyarefeedingthesedataintoasimulationofthewindandwateraroundNewOrleansduringitsordeal.

　　"

Wecan'

tsayforsureuntilthisjobisdone,"

saysDay,"

buttheemergingpictureisexactlywhatwe'

vepredictedforyears."

Namely,severalcanals—includingtheMRGO,whichwasbuilttospeedshippinginthe1960s—havethecombinedeffectoffunnelingsurgesfromtheGulfofMexicorighttothecity'

seasternleveesandthelakesystemtothenorth.Thosesurgesaretoblamefortheflooding."

Oneofthefirstthingswe'

llseedoneisthecompletebackfillingoftheMRGOcanal,"

predictsDay,"

whichcouldtakeacoupleofyears."

　　Thelevees,whichhavebeenprovisionallyrepaired,willbeshoredupfurtherinthemonthstocome,althoughtheirlong-termfateisunclear.Betterleveeswouldprobablyhavepreventedmostofthefloodinginthecitycenter.Toprovidefurtherprotection,amobiledamsystem,muchlikeastormsurgebarrierintheNetherlands,couldbeusedtocloseoffthemouthofLakePontchartrain.Butmostexpertsagreethattheseareshort-termfixes.

　　ThebasicproblemforNewOrleansandtheLouisianacoastlineisthattheentireMississippiRiverdeltaissubsidinganderoding,plungingthecitydeeperbelowsealevelandremovingathickcushionofwetlandsthatoncebufferedthecoastlinefromwindandwaves.Partofthesubsidenceisgeologicandunavoidable,butthereststemsfromtheleveesthathavehemmedintheMississippiallthewaytoitsmouthfornearlyacenturytopreventfloodsandfacilitateshipping.Asaresult,riversedimentisnolongerspreadacrossthedeltabutdumpedintotheGulfofMexico.Withoutaconstantstreamoffreshsediment,thebarrierislandsandmarshesaredisappearingrapidly,withaquarter,roughlythesizeofRhodeIsland,alreadygone.　　Afteryearsofpoliticalwrangling,abroadgrouppulledtogetherbytheLouisianagovernmentin1998proposedamassive$14billionplantosavetheLouisianacoasts,calledCoast2050（nowmodifiedintoaplancalledtheLouisianaCoastalAreaproject）.Wetlandrestorationwasakeycomponent."

It'

soneofthebestandcheapesthurricanedefenses,"

saysDay,whochaireditsscientificadvisorycommittee.

　　Althoughtheplanwasnevergivenmorethantokenfunding,ateamledbyDayhasbeenconductingapilotstudysince2000,divertingpartoftheMississippiintothewetlandsdownstreamofthecity."

Theresultsareasgoodaswecouldhavehoped,"

hesays,withlandlevelsrisingatabout1centimeterperyear—enoughtooffsetrisingsealevels,saysDay.

　　Evenifthewetlandswererestoredandnewleveeswerebuilt,thecombinationofgeologicsubsidenceandrisingsealevelswilllikelysinkNewOrleansanothermeterby2100.Theproblemmightbesolvedbyanotherambitiousplan,saysRoelBoumans,acoastalscientistattheUniversityofVermontinBurlingtonwhodidhisPH.D.atLSU:

shoringupthelowestlandwithaslurryofsedimentpipedinfromtheriver.Themajorityofthebuildingsinthefloodedareaswillhavetoberazedanyway,hesays,"

sowhynottakethisopportunitytofixtherootoftheproblem?

"

TherivercoulddepositenoughsedimenttoraisethebottomoftheNewOrleansbowltosealevel"

in50to60years,"

heestimates.Inthemeantime,peoplecouldliveintheseareasVenice-style,withbuildingsbuiltonstilts.Boumanseventakesitastepfurther:

"

Youwouldhavetoraiseeverythingabout30centimetersonceevery30years,sowhynotmakethejobeasierbymakinghousesthatcanfloat."

　　Whetherthatistechnicallyorpoliticallyfeasible—Day,forone,callsit"

notlikely"

—remainstobeseen,especiallybecauseuntilnow,thepoorestresidentslivedinthelowestpartsofthecity.Anydecisiononhowbesttoprotectthecityinthefuturewillbetiedtohowmanypeoplewilllivethere,andwhere."

theremaybealargecontingentofresidentsandbusinesseswhochoosenottoreturn,"

saysBillGood,anenvironmentalscientistatLSUandmanageroftheLouisianaGeologicalSurvey'

sCoastalProcessessection.Itisalsonotyetclearhowdecisionsaboutthereconstructionwillbemade,saysGood,"

Sincethereisnoprecedentofcomparablemagnitude."

Everylevelofgovernmentissuretobeinvolved,and"

theprocessislikelytobeadhoc."

　　Evenwiththeinevitableminglingofscienceandpolitics,westillhave"

auniquechancetobackoutofsomebaddecisions,"

saysGood,whogrewupinNewOrleans."

Ihopethatwedon'

tletthisonce-in-historyopportunityslipthroughourfingersintherushtorebuildthecity:

1.ThepassagegivesageneraldescriptionofthesuggestionstoreconstructNewOrleansafterHurricaneKatrina.

2.TwoexamplestodealwithwaterareNetherlandsandVenice.

3.Thecanalshavenothingtodowiththeflooding.

4.Theleveeswillbeshoredupfurtherwithclearlong-termfate.

5.ThebasicproblemforNewOrleansisthesubsidenceofMississippiRiverdelta.

6.ThekeycomponentofCoast2050iswetlandrestoration.

7.TheplanofCoast2050willgetbillionsoffederalfunding.

8.NewOrleanswilllikelysink________________by2100.

9.Anotherambitiousplanistoshoringupthelowestlandwithaslurryofsediment________________.

10.Howdecisionsaboutthereconstructionwillbemadeisalso________________.

PartIIIListeningComprehension（35minutes）

SectionA

Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

11.AGotothefootballmatchwiththewoman.

B.Askthewomantohelphimwritethetermpaperonhistory.

C.Finishthelasttownchaptersofhistoryassignment.

D.Takepartinthefootballmatch.

12.A.shewantstoborrowtheman’sstudentcard

B.theticketsarelessexpensivethansheexpected

C.shewon’tbeabletogetanydiscountfortheticket

D.theperformanceturnsouttobedisappointing

13.A.it’sfarfrombeingready

B.itcontainssomevaluableideas

C.sheneedsanotherweektogetitready

D.ithasnothingtodowiththeinternet

14.A.Heissufferingfromthedifferenceoftimezones.

B.Hehasbeenstudyinghardatnight.

C.Hefindsbiologydifficulttolearn.

D.Hehasnotadjustedtoanewculture.

15.A.Alessonrequiresstudent’sactiveinvolvement

B.studentsusuallytakeanactivepartinalecture

C.moreknowledgeiscoveredinalecture

D.thereisalargergroupofpeopleinterestedinlesson

16.A.Thepicturesofnightviewarereallybetterthanheexpected

B.Hedidn’tknowhowhefinishedhisroleintheplay

C.Thefilmhasn’tbeenprocessedyet

D.Hedidn’thaveenoughfilm

17.A.Heoftencomplains.

B.heisashortperson.

C.Heisworriedaboutsomething.

D.Heisahappysortofperson.

18.A.Hecan’tmissthebank.

B.Sheforgottote