听力教程3 主编施心远unit9 兼容版文档格式.docx

听力教程3 主编施心远unit9 兼容版文档格式.docx

《听力教程3 主编施心远unit9 兼容版文档格式.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《听力教程3 主编施心远unit9 兼容版文档格式.docx（11页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

vereachedmidlifeyouhavearichnetwork-lifelongfriends,（18）acquaintances,colleagues,anextendedfamily.

Whileolderpeoplearefreetospendtheirtimethewaytheywant,theyalsoknowtheyhave（19）lessofit.Thatmakesthemmoreawareofhowprecioustimeisandmore（20）discriminatingabouthowtheyuseit.

Exercise

Directions:

Listentothepassageandfillintheblankswithwhatyouhear.（RefertoTapescript）

Unlikeairtravel,whichisregulatedinternationally,railtravelisinmanycasescontrollednationally.Thedegreeofsafetyofrailtravelisthereforehighlyvariablefromcountrytocountry,dependingonthedegreeofregulationandthequalityofregulationinthecountryconcerned.InBritainandtheUnitedStatesrailpassengerdeathsworkoutatanaverageoflessthan10railpassengerdeathsperyear.Unfortunately,therailpassengerdeathsperyearstatisticsin

thelessdevelopedpartsoftheworldareconsiderablyhigherthantherailpassengerdeathsperyearstatisticsareinthewesternworld.

IntheUKoverthelast25years,therehasbeenanaverageofonetrainaccidentforeverymillionmilesrun.Becauseindividualtrainscarrysuchalargenumberofpassengerscomparedwiththenumberofpassengerscarriedincars,busesandplanes,thisactuallymeansthatthedegreeofriskis,comparatively,onewhichisalmostnon-existent.

Byfarthegreatestcauseofrailwayaccidentsishumanerror,eitherincontrollingorrespondingtosignals.Recentimprovementsinthenumbersofaccidentsareinlargemeasureduetotheintroductionofautomaticandcomputerizedsignallingequipment.Radiocommunicationsystemsbetweendriversandcontrolcentreshavealsoprovedinfluentialinreducingaccidents.Withthecontinuingdevelopmentofradiocommunicationsystemsandautomaticsignallingsystemswecanlookforwardtofurtherreductionsinwhatarealreadyimpressivelylow7accidentrates.Exercise

Listentothepassageandwritedownthegistandthekeywordsthathelpyoudecide.

1）Thispassageisaboutrailtravelsafety.

2）Thekeywordsarehighlyvariable,degreeandqualityofregulation:

BritainandtheUnitedStates,lessthan10railpassengerdeathsperyear:

lessdevelopedparts,higher:

UK.last25years,onetrainaccidentforevery

millionmilesrun:

cause,humanerror:

automatic,computerizedsignaling,radiocommunicationsystems,reduceaccidents.

SectionTwoListeningComprehension~Part1Dialogue

Adolescence

Interviewer:

So,yousayEric'

swhatyou'

dconsiderprettystrictbutprettyfair?

So,forexample,whenhetellsyoutodoInterviewer:

something

Jora:

Well,he'

sstrictandIgetangrywhenhedoesn'

twantmetodostuff.ButafterwardsIcanalmostalwaysseewhyhesaidit,v'

know?

Interviewer:

Yeah.

Andthere'

sonlyacoupleofincidentswhere,well,thatweretotally,v'

know,thatIdidn'

tunderstandatall.Interviewer:

Hmm.Notabadrecord.Eric:

No.Vh,'

cosI'

msureI'

vemadesomemistakes.

Is...howwouldyoucompareyourmom?

Isshelessstrictthanyourdad?

Mm-hmm.Well,she'

slessstrict,butit'

s,it'

slikeIcan'

twin,y'

Thestuffthatmydad'

snotstrictabout,mymom'

sstrictabout,and-thestuffthatmymom'

snotstrictabout,mydadis.And,well,likemydaddoesn'

tletme

seePG-13*orRmovies,butmymomdoes.She,well,sherentsR-rated*movies,andletsmewatchthemandall,butmydadwon'

tevenletmeseePG-13.

Eric:

Well,uh,that'

snotreallytrue.Itdependsonwhatitis.MyrulewithPG-13iseitherI'

vehadtohaveseenitfirstor,youknow,talkedtosomeonewhoItrust...who'

sseenit.

So,yourmom'

slooseraboutmovies.Uh,what'

sshestricterabout?

Chores,junkfood,buyingmespecificthings-Interviewer:

Whenyousaybuyingyouthings,doyoumean-Jora:

Likewhenwegotothestore.Interviewer:

Shedoesn'

twanttopayforthem?

twanttopayforthings.Shewantsmetobuymyownfriends'

presents,youknow,stufflikethat

So,doyougetanallowance?

Yeah,Ido.

So,Jora,whatdoyouthinkaboutyourdad?

Doyouthinkhe'

saprettygooddad?

Imean,howdoeshecomparewithyourfriends'

fathers?

Urn,mydadisverystrict,buthe'

s...he'

s..,he'

sprettygood.He...he'

sveryniceandheletsmedojustenoughsoIdon'

tgettooangry.Exercise

Listentothedialogueanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue（T）orfalse（F）.

l.T2.T3.F4.T5.T6.F7.T8.T

Part2Passage

ABriefHistoryofBanking

1）Situatedusuallyatatableorinasmallshopinthecommercialdistrict,thebankersaidedtravelerswhocametothetownbyexchangingforeigncoinsforlocalmoney.

2）Itwasn'

tlongbeforetheideaofattractingdepositsandsecuringtemporaryloansfromwealthycustomersbecameanimportantsourceofbankfunding.

3）ThebankingindustrygraduallyspreadoutwardfromtheclassicalcivilizationsofGreeceandRomeintonorthernandwesternEurope.

4）TheearlybanksinEuropewereplacesforsafekeepingofvaluableitemsaspeoplecametofearlossoftheirassetsduetowar,theft,orexpropriationbygovernment.

Asthe19thcenturybegan,thedevelopmentoflarge,professionallymanagedbankingfirmswascenteredinafewleadingcommercialcenters,especially

NewYork.

Whendidthefirstbanksappear?

Thefirstbankerslivedmorethan2,000yearsago.Theyweremoneychangers,situatedusuallyatatableorinasmallshopinthecommercialdistrict,aidingtravelerswhocametothetownbyexchangingforeigncoinsforlocalmoneyordiscountingcommercialnotesforafeeinordertosupplymerchantswithworkingcapital.

Thefirstbankersprobablyusedtheirowncapitaltofundtheiractivities,butitwasn'

tlongbeforetheideaofattractingdepositsandsecuringtemporaryloansfromwealthycustomersbecameanimportantsourceofbankfunding.Loanswerethenmadetomerchants,shippers,andlandowners,atratesofinterestaslowas6percentperannumtoashighas48percentamonthfortheriskiestventures*!

MostoftheearlybanksofanysizewereGreekinorigin.

ThebankingindustrygraduallyspreadoutwardfromtheclassicalcivilizationsofGreeceandRomeintonorthernandwesternEurope.BankingencounteredreligiousoppositionduringtheMiddleAges,primarilybecauseloansmadetothepooroftencarriedhighinterestrates.However,astheRenaissancebeganinEurope,thebulkofbankloansanddepositsinvolvedrelativelywealthycustomers,whichhelpedtoreducereligiousoppositiontobankingpractices.

Thedevelopmentofnewoverlandtraderoutesandimprovementsinnavigationinthe15th,16th,and17thcenturiesgraduallyshiftedthecenterofworldcommercefromtheMediterraneanregiontowardEuropeandtheBritish

Isles,wherebankingbecamealeadingindustry.TheIndustrialRevolutiondemandedawell-developedfinancialsystem.Inparticular,theadoptionofmassproductionmethodsrequiredacorrespondingexpansioninglobaltradetoabsorbindustrialoutput,requiringnewmethodsformakingpaymentsandcreditavailable.Banksthatcoulddeliverontheseneedsgrewrapidly.

TheearlybanksinEuropewereplacesforsafekeepingofvaluableitems（suchasgoldandsilverbullion）aspeoplecametofearlossoftheirassetsduetowar,theft,orexpropriationbygovernment.InEnglandduringthereignsof.HenryVIIIandCharlesI,governmenteffortstoseizeprivateholdingsofgoldandsilverresultedinpeopledepositingtheirvaluablesingoldsmiths'

shops,who,inturn,wouldissuetokens*orcertificates,indicatingthatthecustomerhadmadeadepositatthesebusinesses.Soon,goldsmithtokensorcertificatesbegantocirculateasmoneybecausetheyweremoreconvenientandlessriskytocarryaround.Thegoldsmithsalsoofferedcertificationofvalueservices-whatwetodaymightcallpropertyappraisals*.Customerswouldbringinvaluablestohaveanexpertcertifythattheseitemswereindeedrealandnotfakes-aservicemanybanksstillprovidetheircustomers.

WhencolonieswereestablishedinNorthandSouthAmerica,OldWorldbankingpracticesweretransferredtotheNewWorld.Asthe19thcenturybegan,stategovernmentsintheUnitedStatesbeganchartering*bankingcompanies.Thedevelopmentoflarge,professionallymanagedbankingfirmswascenteredinafewleadingcommercialcenters,especiallyNewYork.Thefederal

governmentbecameamajorforceinUSbankingduringCivilWar.ExerciseAPre-IisteningQuestion

Abankis,actually,abusinessorganization,usuallyal