英语句子成分讲解Word文件下载.docx
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句子的各种时态、人称和数的变化都在谓语动词上变。
谓语(predicate):
说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.
宾语:
指谓语动词所涉及的对象,由名、代、数,宾语从句等相当于名词的词句充当,但人称代词要用宾格。
还说上例。
谓语动词是“看”,看什么看“书”,“书”是动词“看”所涉及的对象,是“看”的宾语。
需要说明的是:
只有及物动词和介词或相当于及物动词和介词的短语才可带宾语。
1)动作的承受者-----动宾
IlikeChina.(名词)Hehatesyou.(代词)
HowmanydoyouneedWeneedtwo.(数词)
Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.(动名词)
Ihopetoseeyouagain.(不定式)Didyouwritedownwhathesaid(宾语从句)
2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾
AreyouafraidofthesnakeUnderthesnow,therearemanyrocks.
3)双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)
Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.
表语:
是和系动词紧密相连的。
在陈述句中系动词后面的就是表语,这就是“主系表”结构。
作表语的也是名词性的词,也可以是从句。
表语(predicative):
系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
Heisateacher.(名词)Seventy-four!
Youdon’tlookit.(代词)Fiveandfiveisten.(数词)Heisasleep.(形容词)
Hisfatherisin.(副词)Thepictureisonthewall.(介词短语)
Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.(形容词化的分词)
Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.(不定式)
Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.(表语从句)
(常见的系动词有:
be,sound(听起来),look(看起来),feel(摸起来,smell(闻起来),taste(尝、吃起来),
remain(保持,仍是),feel(感觉)...
Itsoundsagoodidea.Itsoundsoundsstrange.
Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.
Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.
Thedoorremainsopen.NowIfeeltired.
定语:
修饰限定名词、代词的词,说明所修饰词的性质、特征等,如atallboy中,tall修饰boy,tall是boy的定语。
可作定语的有形容词、名词、副词、定语从句、分词等。
不定代词的定语一律后置。
修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
AiYanlingisachemistryteacher.(名词)Heisourfriend.(代词)
Webelongtothethirdworld.(数词)Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(形容词)
Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词)Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介词)
TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.(现在分词)
Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.(过去分词)
Ihaveanideatodoitwell.(不定式)
YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.(定语从句)
状语:
修饰动词、副词、形容词甚至整句,说明谓语动作发生的时间、地点、方式、伴随状况、目的等等。
他在灯下看书。
“在灯下”是状语。
补语:
补充说明主语或宾语的成份,补充说明主语的叫主语补足语,补充宾语叫宾语补足语。
他把我逗笑了。
Hemademelaugh.主语:
he;
made;
me;
宾补:
laugh.补语和它补充说明的成份之间有逻辑上的主谓关系,这可以把它和其它成份区分开。
上句宾语me和宾补laugh之间,laugh的动作是me来做的。
这就是一种逻辑上的主谓关系。
把这两部分单拿出来可以成一句完整的话,即Ilaughed,
对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。
Weelectedhimmonitor.(名词)Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.(名)
Wewillmakethemhappy.(形容词)Wefoundnobodyin.(副词)
Pleasemakeyourselfathome.介词短语)Don’tlethimdothat.(省to不定式)
Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(带to不定式)
Don’tkeepthelightsburning.(现在分词)I’llhavemybikerepaired.(过去分词)
主补:
对主语的补充。
Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.
Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.语法是句子的框架,学语法应该说是学习语言的一个捷径。
相对而言,句子的灵魂是词汇,学习是个长期积累过程,词汇积累更是如此。
学习也要讲究方法,活学活用,在运用中记忆,不能死记硬背。
另外,语言都有些相通的地方,结合母语对照学习也很有效。
Iwillgotheretomorrow.Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.
Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.
Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.
Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.
Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.
简单句的五个基本句型
主语+不及物动词Shecame./Myheadaches.
主语+及物动词+宾语ShelikesEnglish.
主语+系动词+主语补语Sheishappy.
主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语ShegaveJohnabook.
Sheboughtabookforme.
主语+宾补动词+宾语+宾语补语Shemakeshermotherangry.
Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.
(There+beThereliesabookonthedesk.)
Exercises
分析下列句子成分
1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou
3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.
5.Hebrokeapieceofglass.6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity.
7.---Iloveyoumorethanher,child.8.Teesturngreenwhenspringcomes.
9.Theypushedthedooropen.10.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.
11.Hewrotecarefullysomeletterstohisfriends.thestudentsthinkhighlyofhisteaching.
13.Weneedaplacetwicelargerthanthisone.14.HeaskedustosinganEnglishsong.
15.Don'
tgetnervous,helpyourselftowhatyoulike.willmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.
17.Hedidn'
tcome.Thatiswhyhedidn'
tknow.18.Sheshowedushermanyofherpictures.
19.Theoldmanlivesalonelylife.
翻译练习:
主谓结构(主语+不及物动词)
1你应当努力学习。
2她昨天回家很晚。
3那天早上我们谈了很多。
4会议将持续两个小时。
5在过去的十年里,我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。
主谓宾结构(主语+及物动词+宾语)
1昨晚我写了一封信。
2今天下午我想同你谈谈。
3这本书他读过多次了。
4他们成功地完成了计划。
5你们必须在两周内看完这些书。
主系表结构(主语+系动词+表语)
1我的兄弟都是大学生。
2冬季白天短,夜晚长。
3布朗夫人看起来很健康。
4十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。
5孩子们,请保持安静。
双宾语结构(主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)
1Johnson先生去年教我们德语。
2.奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。
3.Mary把钱包交给校长了。
4.请把那本字典递给我好吗
5.他把车票给列车员看。
复合宾语结构(主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语)
1我们叫她Alice.2他的父母给他取名为John.
3我们大家都认为他是诚实的。
4他们把门推开了。
5他们把小偷释放了。
Therebe句型
1今晚没有会。
2这个村子过去只有一口井。
3这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。
4客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。
5天气预报说下午有大风。
句子成分练习题答案
分析下列句子成分
1.主语+系动词+表语2.主语+系动词+表语
3.主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语4.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
5.主语+及物动词+宾语6.主语+动词+形式宾语it+宾语补足语+宾语
7.主语+及物动词+宾语8.主语+系动词+表语
9.主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语10.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
11.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语12主语+及物动词+宾语
13.主语+及物动词+宾语14.主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语
15.主语+系动词+表语16.主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语
17.主语+系动词+表语18.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
19.主语+不及物动词20.主语+不及物动词
21.主语+系动词+表语22.主语+系动词+表语
23.主语+及物动词+宾语24.主语+不及物动词
25.主语+及物动词+宾语26.主语+不及物动词
27.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语28.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
29.主语+及物动词+宾语30.主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语
1Youshouldstudyhard.
2Shewenthomeverylateyesterdayevening.
3Thatmorningwetalkedagreatdeal.
4Themeetingwilllasttwohours.
5Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.
6Thingsofthatsortarehappeningallovertheworldeveryday.
7TheMayFourthMovementbrokeoutinBeijingin1919.
8Classesbeginateighteveryday.
9Thisboxweighsfivekilos.
10IlivedinBeijingfiveyearsago.
主谓宾结构(主语+及物动词+宾语)
wrotealetterlastnight.
wanttotalkwithyouthisafternoon.
hasreadthisbookmanytimes.
havecarriedouttheplansuccessfully.
mustfinishreadingthesebooksintwoweeks.
gentlemencanspeakthreelanguagesfluently.
receivedaletterfrommypenfriendinAustralia.
cannotdresshimself.
ofusbelievethatJackisanhonestboy.
didnotknowwhattosay.
主系表结构(主语+系动词+主语补语)
1Mybrothersareallcollegestudents.2Inwinter,thedaysareshortandthenightsarelong.
3MrsBrownlooksveryhealthy.4Attheageoffifteenhebecameafamouspianist.
5Children,keepquietplease.6ThisbookisaboutthehistoryoftheUnitedStates.
7Herjobistolookafterthechildreninthenursery.8Heisoutofwork.
9Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.10Thereportsoundsinteresting.
双宾语结构(主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)
1MrJohnsontaughtusGermanlastyear.
2Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.
3Maryhandedthewallettotheschoolmaster.
4Wouldyoupleasepassmethedictionary
5Heshowedthetickettotheconductor.
6ThistermIhavewrittenthreeletterstomyparents.
7Myfatherhasboughtmeanewbike.
8RobinsonCrusoemadehimselfaboat.
9Willyoupleasegetmeanewcopy
10ShallIcallyouataxi
复合宾语结构(主语+宾补动词+宾语+宾语补语)
1WecallherAlice.2HisparentsnamedhimJohn.
3Allofusconsideredhimhonest.4Theypushedthedooropen.
5Theyhavesetthethieffree.6Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.
7Heaskedustojoininthegame.8Iwantyoutotellmethetruth.
9Theguardsorderedustoleaveatonce.10TomorrowI’llhavesomeonerepairthemachine.
11EverymorningwehearhimreadEnglishaloud.12Thepainmadehimcryout.
13Wewon’tlethergooutatnight.14Hehashishaircutonceamonth.
15I’llgetmyrecordermended.16Theterriblesoundmadethechildrenfrightened.17Sheislisteningtosomeonetellingstories.18heboyswerewatchingthesoldiersdrilling.
19Ihaveneverseenthewordusedthatwaybefore.20Hefeltitverydifficulttotalkwithyou.
21Ithinkitmorecomfortabletogotherebyship.
22Iconsideritpossibletoworkouttheprobleminanotherway.
23Theschoolmadeitarulethatthestudentsshouldstandupwhenclassbegins.
24Ithoughtitnousetalkingwiththatman
1Thereisn’tgoingtobeameetingtonight.
2Therewasonlyawellinthevillage.
3Thereis(are)ateacherofmusicandateacherofartintheschool.
4AmongthegueststhereweretwoAmericansandtwoFrenchmen.
5Theweathermansaysthere’llbeastrongwindintheafternoon.6
6Thelightison.Theremustbesomeoneiontheoffice.
7Thereusedtobeacinemaherebeforethewar.
8Therehappenedtobenobodyintheroom.
9Once,therelivedanoldfishermaninavillagebythesea.
10Therecomesthebus.
11Thereremainedjusttwenty-eightdollars.
12Infrontofthecave,therestands(grows)atallpinetree.
13Theregoesthebell.
14Therearetwenty-eightdaysinFebruary