施心远主编听力教程4第2Unit1215问题详解文档格式.docx

施心远主编听力教程4第2Unit1215问题详解文档格式.docx

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1.LifeexpectancyatbirthintheUnitedStatesin1901was49yearswhileattheendofthecenturyitincreasedto77years.

2.Psychologistsfoundthatpeoplewhoentertainedpositivethoughtsregardingthemselvesandtheirfuturehealthlivedsevenyearslongerthanthosewithnegativeattitudes.

3.Wetendtoregardmedicaldisordersasthecauseofpoorhealthorshortenedlifespan,but,really,theirsignificanceissmallwhencomparedtotheimpactofthepsychologicalfactorsonhealth.

4.Exercise,weightlossornon-smokingcanincreasethelifespan.Anotheravenuetorejuvenationisthroughcreativity.

5.TheUSCensusBureaupredictedthattheUSAwouldeventuallyhave5.3millionpeopleagedover100in2100.

FTTTTTFT

Ex.2

1Itincreasedfrom49intheyear1901to77attheendofthecentury,anincreaseof57%.

2Inhumanhistory,preventingearlydeathsisthemaincauseoftheincreaseinlifeexpectancy.

3Wegetolderbecauseofthreethings:

agingofarteries,dysfunctionoftheimmunesystem,andaccidentsandenvironmentalhazards.

4He/shecouldpotentiallyfeelasyoungasa44-year-old.

5ThemainstreamviewisthatlifeexpectancyintheUSwillbeinthemid-80sbytheyear2050（upfrom77today）andwilltopouteventuallyinthelow90s.

SectionIII

Item1:

A.aserioussnowstormthathitNewYorkCity,US.

96kilometersanhour/localizeddrifting/68.3centimeters/blizzard/1869

1）Theroadnetworkinmanyplacesisimpassable.2）Mostoftheairportsintheregionhavebeenclosed,withhundredsofflightscancelled.3）PassengersontransatlanticflightsheadingintoNewYorkhave,insomecases,foundthemselvesdivertedtoalternativedestinations.

workednon-stop/keepstreetsandavenuesopen/peoplemakingtheirwaydownBroadwayonskis

Item2:

A.theevacuationofpeoplelivinginvillagesclosetoVolcanoMerapiwhichisabouttoerupt.

B.TFFTT

Item3:

A.theheavystormsandtheireffectsinEastAsia.

B.landslides/severalhundredhousestocollapse/theworstflooding/trapped/missing/landslidesandflooding/drownedinsidehiscar/deadinagutter

SectionIV

PartI:

A.Saturday/100/float/tide/senses/effect/aroma/crackling/keep/refueling

B.1）WaterFireattracts1millionvisitorseachyear,andbringsbusinesstodowntownrestaurants,hotelsandentertainmentvenues.Itbringsmorethan33milliondollarsinbusinesstothecityannually.

2）Itsetsagoodexampletootherriverfrontcities.

PartII

Dictation:

1.AnewstudypublishedinthecurrentissueofAmericanJournalofPublicHealthsuggeststhatmen’sbehaviormaybetoblame.

2.IthasbeenreportedthatateveryageAmericanmaleshavepoorerhealthandahigherriskofmortalitythanfemales.

3.Asifthatweren’tenough,mentendtoworkinmoredangeroussettingsthanwomen,andthusaccountfor90%ofon-the-jobfatalities,mostlyinagriculture.

4.Inlow-lyingfloodzones,menaremorelikelytodrivearoundbarricadesanddrowninhighwater.

5.Thesereasonsalonewouldcertainlycontributetoashorterlifespanformen,buttheproblemmaybeevenmoreprofound.

CABDDBAD

Unit13

6.Avianinfluenza,or“birdflu”,isacontagiousdiseaseofanimalscausedbyvirusesthatnormallyinfectonlybirdsand,lesscommonly,pigs.

7.Whileallbirdspeciesarethoughttobesusceptibletoinfection,domesticpoultryflocksareespeciallyvulnerabletoinfectionsthatcanrapidlyreachepidemicproportions.

8.Thecurrentoutbreakofbirdfluisdifferentfromearlieronesinthatofficialshavebeenunabletocontainitsspread.

9.RapideliminationoftheH5N1virusamonginfectedbirdsandotheranimalsisessentialtopreventingamajoroutbreak.

10.TheWorldHealthOrganizationrecommendsthatinfectedorexposedflocksofchickensandotherbirdsbekilledinordertohelppreventfurtherspreadofthevirusandreduceopportunitiesforhumaninfection.

1.禽流感是一种由病毒引起的动物接触性传染病，通常只感染禽类，在少数情况下也会感染猪。

2.尽管所有的鸟类都会受感染，但是家禽群体特别容易受感染，而且会迅速造成大规模爆发流行。

3.目前爆发的禽流感与早些时期的禽流感不同，因为官方还无法控制它的传播。

4.迅速杀灭受感染的禽类和其他动物体内的H5N1病毒对预防禽流感的大规模爆发极其重要。

5.世界卫生组织建议捕杀所有受感染和有接触史的鸡群和其他禽类，以防止病毒的进一步传播和减少人类受感染的机会。

TFTFFTTTFF

6.Asthesunclimbstoitsnoondayapex,thebeardedmantakesoffhisstrawhat,wipesthesweatfromhisbrow,andsitsbehindateamofmules,plowingthecornfield.

7.Soonhe’llheadhometothefarmhouse,wherehiswifehasjusthungouttheweek’swash.

8.Theywillsitdowntoasimplemeal:

breadthathisdaughtershavebaked,vegetablesfromthegarden,perhapssomefreshlymadestrawberrypreserves.

9.Gardensarefullofripeningfruitsandvegetables,readytobepickedandpreservedforthewinter.

10.Themagicalworkshopisachild’swonderland:

aminiaturewoodentableandchairset,doll-sizedcradlesandslightlybiggeronesfrotheirowners,andmini-farmhouses,completewithwoodenanimals.

FTTTFTTT

1.YouwillseeacheerfulAmishgirlbehindthecounterscoophugehelpingsoftherichest,creamiesticecreamintowafercones.

2.Thereligiousbeliefsforwhichtheylefttheirhomelandstilldefinetheirlives,fromtheirnametotheirlanguage–aGermandialect,andtheirold-fashionedways.

3.Theyconsiderthemodern21st-centuryconveniencestobevulgartemptations,andtheyeschewanypermanentphysicalconnectionto“theoutsideworld”–gaslines,electricwires,telephones,computersandtelevisions.

4.Afterthat,theboyshelptheirfathersonthefarmandthegirlswiththeirmothersathome.

5.Becausethereareanarrayofarm-freshproduceandtypicalAmishfood.

B.theseriousproblemofinsufficienthealthcareindevelopingcountries,especiallyinAfricancountries.

C.Statistics:

10%/24%/37%/3%/over50%/lessthan1%

Analysis:

1）AIDS/tuberculosis/malaria/childhoodvaccination/pregnantwomen

2）moredoctorsandnurses/higherthaninAfrica/abraindrainofhealthprofessionals

3）ethicalrecruitmentpolicies/internationalinvestment/morestaff/4million/1.3billion

B.theWHOrecommendationsonthebesttimetostarttreatmentforHIV.

C.1Fourmillionpeoplearoundtheworldhavetakenanti-retroviraldrugs.

2Fivemillionpeoplewhoneedthedrugshavenotgotthemyet.

3HIVpatientsstarttakingdrugsbeforetheirimmunesystemsdisplaysymptoms.

4Thetreatmentatthenewlyrecommendedlevelcouldincreasesurvivalbynearly70%.

5Theywillsignificantlyreducethecosttohealthsystemsoftreatingopportunisticinfections,greatlyimprovelifeexpectancyofHIVpatients,bringhopetothefamiliesandsolvetheproblemsofreducedworkforce.

A.Paristrafficchaoscausedbyone-waytrafficsystem.

B.commuters/wasblocked/noentry/werebemused/converged/onesideroad

Adecision/solvetheproblemofheavytrafficthroughhisborough/morevehicles/district/aone-waysystem/twodays/returnimmediately/trafficdisorder

A.TheArtofChoosing/theimpact/choices/over15years/thinksabout/practice

lovemarriage/balance/adeeprespect/limitation/thepossibilities

BAmericanstudents:

independence,possibility,opportunityanddream/givemoreweighttowhattheywantforthemselvespersonally

Japanesestudents:

responsibility,burdenandanxiety/placegreateremphasisonhowtheirchoiceswillaffectothers

C1Iyengartakestheglobalfinancialcrisisasanexampletosupportherview.

2Thecorporationschoosetosellhomemortgagestopeopletheyknewcouldnotaffordthem,andtheircustomerschoosetobuyhomesinspiteoftheirinabilitytopayforthem.

3Theabovepracticeundoubtedlyleadstoputtingshort-termselfinterestaheadoflong-termconsequences.

6.NowtimesarechangingandtheInuit,knownasEskimosdownsouth,areadaptingtothenewlivingenvironment.

7.TheirbarrenhomelandbecameaCanadianterritory,Nunavut,in1999,andthisgavethemmoresayintheiraffairs.

8.TotheInuit,polarbearshavespecialsignificance.ThisarchetypalsymbolofthemajestyandthreatoftheArcticgracesthegovernmentlogoandlicenseplatesofNunavut.

9.Theynowarea“speciesofspecialconcern”duetopastover-harvesting,whichrosewiththeintroductionofsnowmobiles,andenvironmentalthreats.

10.TheNunavutWildlifeManagementBoardsetsayearlyhuntingquota.Itwas408forlastseason,thoughjust385bearswerekilled.

Exercise1:

DBACDACB

Exercise2 

:

1.Heradviceincludes 

brushthesnowoffyourcaribouskinparkaquickly 

;

don’tpushyourselftoofastorhard 

avoidanykindofmoisture,whichcanbedeadlyintheArcticcold 

thepackicemustbestrongenoughoutnearthewatertosupportdogsledsorsnowmobiles 

dunkingmeansdeathforpolarbearhunters.

2.Theygenerallygooutforfoodatnightordaybreakandsleepintheafternoon.

3.Theyhavetoscanwideexpansesoficeforbearsortheirtracks,andthenworkinteamstotrapthemontheicebetweentheopenwaterandtheshore.

4.Theyarenowa“speciesofspecialconcern”becauseofpastover-harvesting,whichrosewiththeintroductionofsnowmobiles,andenvironmentalthreatssuchasglobalwarming.

5.TheforeignsporthuntershavetopayUS$20,000ormoreforeachpolarbeartheykill.

Unit14

11.和其他西方国家，如加拿大、德国的政府不同，美国政府不向其公民提供由公共财政支出的医疗保障。

12.公民必须购买健康保险，每年人均花费需要几千美元。

13.如果一个公民没有这种保险的话，那他必须要么支付医疗费用，要么到别的价格低廉、有时是三等医疗机构或县医院就诊。

14.各种州政府援助计划可以涵盖一些急诊或长期治疗的费用。

15.在美国，医疗费用是造成个人破产的最常见的原因。

Se