届高考英语7选5补缺题新题型精品教学案Word文件下载.docx
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选项中有
两项为多余选项。
Takinggoodnotesisatime-savingskillthatwillhelpyoutobecome
abatterstudentinseveralways71Second,yournotesareexcellentmaterialstorefertowhenyouarestudyingforatest.Third,note-takingoffersvarietytoyourstudytimeandhelpsyoutoholdyourinterest.
Youwillwanttotakenotesduringclassroomdiscussionsandwhile
readingatextbookordoingresearchforaWheneverorhoweveryoutakenotes,keepinmindthatnote-takingisaselective
Thefollowingmethodsmayworkbestforyou.
●Readthetextquicklytofindthemainfactsandideasinit.
●Carefullyreadthetextandwatchforwordsthatcanshowmainpointsand
supportingfacts.
●?
Writeyournotesinyourownwords.
74
Noteanyquestionsorideasyoumayhaveaboutwhatwassaidorwritten.
Asyoutakenotes,youmaywanttouseyourownshorthand(速记).Whenyoudo,besurethatyouunderstandyoursymbolsandthatyouusethem
allthe
A.Usewords,notcompletesentences.
B.Therearethreepracticalnote-takingmethods.
C.Youmustwriteyournotesonseparatepaper.
D.Otherwise,youmaynotbeabletoreadyournoteslater.
E.youwillalsowanttodevelopyourownmethodfortakingnotes.
F.Thatmeansyoumustfirstdecidewhatisimportantenoughtoincludeinyour
notes.
G.First,thesimpleactofwritingsomethingdownmakesiteasier
foryoutounderstandandrememberit.
71.G72.E73.F74.A75.D
这篇文章整体分为四个段落层次,每个段落均由几个语段构成相对独立地语义单位,各段都围绕“Takinggoodnotes”这样一个中心话题,形成了文章的线性结构;
第一段讲述的是做笔记是好学生在多方面的一项省时技巧,第二段讲述的是不管何时、用何种方法做笔记,都要有选择性的做记录,第三段讲述的是做笔记的最佳方法,第四段讲述的是要记住自己的速记符号,这就形成了文章的层次结构,这对下一步的做题有了明确的整体方向。
阅读填空题的解题策略:
1.理清句际间意义的关系
文章的内容是根据各层各段的大意有机地组合而成,各个层次,各个段落之间不管怎样错落有致,但它所表达的内容都是要围绕中心的,各句之间都有一定的语脉,从逻辑意义上来看,语段的句际关系可分为平列、顺序、层递、转折、总分、解释、因果等关系(章振邦,1985)。
构成语段的各个句子之间有时可以包含一种以上的句际关系。
因此,理解阅读材料时一定要把握语脉,理清句际间的关系,进而理解语段或全文的内容。
如2008年高考英语(宁夏卷)阅读理解新题型中,第一段的第一句“Takinggoodnotesisatime-savingskillthatwillhelpyoutobecomeabatterstudentinseveralways”与下面几句是解释关系,解释关系是指后面的句子对前面的句子作解释、引申、例证,使意思更加明了、具体。
后三句之间是平列关系,平列关系指句与句之间处于平等并列的地位,互不相属,而只是组合在一起共同说明一个问题。
平列关系组合的语段,在次序上并不固定,如果局部改变句子的相互位置并不改变整个语段的意思。
第二段的第一句与第二句是层递关系,层递关系是一种固定的顺序关系,但又不同与顺序关系,顺序关系指构成语段的各句子只能按事物发展的过程由先而后地顺序排列,不可随意改变次序,通常在记叙文或描述固定的操作程序的说明文中用得普遍,而层递关系组合的语段是按语意的轻重、认识的深浅作由轻到重、由浅入深的排列。
第三句与第四句是解释关系,第一、二句组合为一个语段,第三、四句组合为另外一个语段,语段与语段之间是总分关系,总分关系是指前面的句子陈述两个过两个以上的对象,后面的句子紧接着分别对它们加以说明。
用这种方式组合的语段能够前呼后应,彼此配合,使语脉清楚,条分缕析,如“Wheneverorhoweveryoutakenotes”一句与前两句前呼后应,彼此配合,为前句选“E.youwillalsowanttodevelopyourownmethodfortakingnotes.”埋伏了一笔,逻辑性很强。
第三段的第一句与下面几句是解释关系,而后列举的方法是平列关系。
第四段的最后两句是转折关系,转折关系指句与句之间存在意义的转折,通常表达对比或对照的意思。
2.找出句子之间的连接性的词语
文章的语句间的组合,除了从语句间的意义关系分析外,还可借助句子之间的连接性词语来把握,因为连接性词语能表明这个语段句与句之间、层与层之间的基本关系是承接关系(如so,therefore,thus,hence,accordingly,consequently,asaresult等)、平列关系(如first,second,third…;
firstly,secondly,thirdly…;
first,next,then…;
inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace…;
foronething,foranotherthing…;
tobeginwith,toconclude等)、比如文章中的选项71,由Second、Third得知应选表示平列关系的句子G.项,转折关系(如however,nevertheless,nonetheless,still,though,yet,inspiteof,atanyrate,inanycase,whoever,whateveronthecontrary,incontrast,bycontrast,incomparison,bycomparison,conversely,otherwise等)、如选项75与前句构成了转折关系,故应选D.项答案,层递关系(如also,further,furthermore,likewise,similarly,moreover,inaddition,what’smore,too,either,neither,not…but…,notonly…butalso等),如72选项与前句组合为层递关系,故应选包含also的E.项句子,或者是解释关系,如73选项应选F.选项,与74选项平等的,是一组祈示句,而非陈述句,故应选A.项而非B项。
总之,对一个语段或语篇的分析,可以按以下步骤进行:
(1)通读整篇文章,把握整段语脉,理出文章的中心。
(2)根据标点符号确定有几个句子。
(3)除中心词、关键词外,将所有句子按意义分出层次,如果是承接、平列、层进关系,则可分为两个或两个以上的层次,如果是解释、转折一般就可以
一分为二。
(4)再分析各层次之间的关系。
(5)最后检查核对层次划分有无错误。
如一篇文章或语段有几个句子单位,几个层次,特别是长难句构成的语段层次是否明确。
第二节(共5小题;
每小题2分,满分10分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
_71_Oneofthebestthingsyoucanpossiblydoistostartyouownclub.It’sgreatfunespeciallyifyouarethesortofpersonwhofeelsthere’sneveranythingtododuringtheschoolholidays.
Thefirstthingyouneedtocomeupwithisanideaforyourclub._72_Pets,clothes,popmusicordancinggroups,sports,makingthings?
Thelistisendless.
Nextyouneedsomefriendstobeinyourclubwithyou._73_Allyouneedisthreeorfourotherpeoplewhoareinterestedinthesamethingasyou.
_74Youshouldallsitdownsomewheretogetherwithlotsofpiecesofpaperandwritedowneverynameyoucanthinkup.That’llkeepyoubusyforages.
Atyourfirstmeetingyoushouldmakeuparulebook.Andthefirstruleshouldbenogrown-upsorlittle/bigbrothersorsisters!
Thebestclubsarealwayssecret!
Nowyouhavejustabouteverythingyouneed,exceptmembershipcards.Theseareveryimportantandagainyoucanspeedalotoftimemakingthem.75Whynotleavesomespaceforaphotoofyourself?
Thatwillmakethemembershipcardreallylooklikeit.
Sothereyouare,getclubbing!
Onceyougetstartedyou’llthinkofloadsofmoreinterestingthingstodo!
’seasy.
yourownclub!
adesignertojoinyou.
areyouinterestin?
vacationisjustaroundthecorner.
youneedtopickanameforyourclub.
abrightthickpentomakeaspecialdesign.
72.D73.A74.F75.G
(16)Peopleusemoneytobuyfood,furniture,books,bicyclesandhundredsofotherthingstheyneedorwant.Whentheywork,theyusuallygetpaidinmoney.
Mostofthemoneytodayismadeofmetalorpaper.(17)Oneofthefirstkindsofmoneywasshells.
Shellswerenottheonlythingsusedasmoney.InChina,clothandkniveswereused.InthePhilippineIslands,ricewasusedasmoneyforalongtime.Elephanttusks,monkeytailsandsaltwereusedasmoneyinpartsofAfrica.
ThefirstmetalcoinsweremadeinChina.Theywereroundandhadasquareholeinthecentre.(18)
Differentcountrieshaveuseddifferentmetalsanddesignsfortheirmoney.(19)SwedenandRussiausedcopper(铜)tomaketheirmoney.Latersomecountriesbegantomakecoinsofgoldandsilver.
Butevengoldandsilverwereinconvenientifyouhadtobuysomethingexpensive.AgaintheChinesethoughtofawaytoimprovemoney.(20)Thefirstpapermoneylookedmorelikeanotefromonepersontoanotherthanthepapermoneyusedtoday.
Moneyhashadaninterestinghistoryfromthedaysofshellmoneyuntiltoday.
A.ThefirstcoinsinEnglandweremadeoftin(锡).
B.Butpeopleusedtouseallkindsofthingsasmoney.
C.Nooneknowsforcertainwhenpeoplebegantousemoney.
D.Peoplestrung(串连)themtogetherandcarriedthemfromplacetoplace.
E.Money,asweknow,isallmadeofpaper.
F.Theybegantousepapermoney.
G.Todayanyonewillacceptmoneyinexchangeforgoodsandservices.
E篇GBDAF
(16)Whenapersondoesacertainthingagain,heisimpelled(迫使)bysomeunseenforcetodothesamethingrepeatedly;
thusahabitisformed.Onceahabitisformed,itisdifficult,andsometimesimpossible,togetridof.(17)Childrenoftenformbadhabits,someofwhichremainwiththemaslongastheylive.Olderpersonsalsoformbadhabitsaslongastheylive.Olderpersonsalsoformbadhabits,andsometimesbecomeruinedbythem.
(18)Manysuccessfulmensaythatmuchoftheirsuccesshassomethingtodowithcertainhabitsinearlylife,suchasearlyrising,honestyandthoroughness.
Amongthehabitswhichchildrenshouldnotformarelaziness,lying,stealingandsoon.(19)Unfortunatelyolderpersonsoftenformhabitswhichoughttohavebeenavoided.
(20)
A.Thereareotherhabitswhich,whenformedinearlylife,areofgreathelp.
B.Whethergoodornothabitare,theyareeasytogetridof.
C.Weoughttokeepfromallthesebadhabits,andtrytoformsuchhabitsaswillprovegoodforourselvesandothers.
D.Habits,whethergoodorbad,aregraduallyformed.
E.Itisveryimportantforustoknowwhyweshouldgetusedtogoodhabbits.
F.Thesearealleasilyformedhabits.
G.Itisthereforeveryimportantthatweshouldpaygreatattentiontotheformationofhabits.
E篇DGAFC
选项中的两项为多途选项。
Areyoutrulyhappy?
Doyoueverknowwhatitmeanstobehappyandwhatittakestoachievehappiness?
__71___.ThefollowingareafewtipsthatIfollowtocreatehappinessinmylife.
※Makeaplanforattaininggoalsthatyoubelievewillmakeyouhappy.Yourmoodswillverylikelyincreaseifyouaregoingaftersomethingyouvalue.
※Surroundyourselfwithhappypeople.Itiseasytobegintothinknegativelywhenyouaresurroundedbypeoplewhothinkthatway.___72___.
※Whensomethinggoeswrong,trytofigureoutasolutioninsteadofbeingabsorbedinselfpity.Trulyhappypeopledon’tallowsetbackstoaffecttheirmoodbecausetheyknowthatwithalittlethoughttheycanturnthecircumstancesbacktotheirfavor.
※__73_.Thesefewminuteswillgiveyoutheopportunitytofocusonthepositivethingsinyourlifeandwillleadyoutocontinuoushappiness.
※74.Whetheryoutreatyourselftolunch,takealong,relaxingbathorsimplyspendafewextraminutesonyourappearance,youwillbesubconsciously(下意识地)puttingyourselfinabettermood.
※Findingthehumorinsituationscanalsoleadtohappiness.Findawaytomakelightofasituationthatwould