Volume 27 Issue 5 Pages 299420 OctoberWord文档下载推荐.docx
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OriginalResearchArticle
Pages299-306
BeckyP.Y.Loo,AmyH.T.Cheng
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Abstract
Althoughmetrosystemshavebeenrecognizedasasustainabletransportmode,theyarefinanciallyriskyinvestmentprojectsinlightofthehighcapitalandoperatingcosts.Thispaperattemptstoexaminethesocio-economicyardstickscommonlyusedforevaluatingthereadinessofcitiesinbuildingmetros,andtoanalyzehowthesesocio-economicindicatorschangedbeforeandaftertheirconstruction.Specifically,thesocio-economicindicatorsarepopulationsizeandincomelevel.Dataof60metrolinesin21citiesondifferentcontinentswerepooledfortheanalysis.Theresultssuggestthatthecommonly-adoptedpopulationyardstickisstillgenerallyapplicablebuttheincomeyardstickneedstobechanged.Afteranalyzingthepopulationandincomechangesforthe10-yearperiodsbeforeandaftertheopeningofthemetrolines,itwasfoundthatthebuildingofmetroswasusuallyprecededbyaperiodofsustainedhighpopulationandincomegrowth.However,theratesofpopulationandincomegrowthwouldtendtodecreaseafterthecompletionofthemetros.
3.MeasuringtheurbancompetitivenessofChinesecitiesin2000
Pages307-314
YihongJiang,JianfaShen
PDF(237K)
Previousstudieshaveunderstoodurbancompetitivenessmainlyfromaneconomicperspective.Drawingoninsightsfromrecentdebatesonurbangovernancethatargueforsustainabledevelopment,thisstudyemploysamorebalancedviewthattakesintoaccounttheeconomic,social,andenvironmentaldimensionsofurbancompetitiveness.Afour-levelhierarchicalindicatorsystemisusedtoexaminethecompetitivenessof253Chinesecitiesattheprefectureleveloraboveintheyear2000.Theresultsshowthatmostofthetop20citiesareintheeasternpartofChinaandhavepopulationsover0.5million.Thebottom20citiesarelocatedprimarilyinthewesternpartofChinaandhavesmallerpopulationsthatrangefrom0.2to0.5million.In2000thecitywiththetopeconomiccompetitivenesswasShanghai,thetopsocialcompetitivenesswasBeijing,andthetopenvironmentalcompetitivenesswasZhuhai.Agivencitydoesnotnecessarilyrankthesameineconomic,social,andenvironmentalcompetitiveness,butmayperformwellindifferentways.Thepaperarguesthat,inordertosustainurbancompetitiveness,acityshouldachievenotonlygoodeconomicperformance,butalsosatisfactorysocialandenvironmentaldevelopment.
4.Tracesonthepalimpsest:
HeritageandtheurbanformsofAthensandAlexandria
Pages315-325
LunaKhirfan
PDF(2324K)
ThispapercomparesfourlayersoftheurbanformofAthensinGreeceandAlexandriainEgyptandusesthepalimpsestanalogyandamethodologythatcombinestownplananalysisandGIStoinvestigatetheinteractionsbetweenthesymbolicsignificanceofheritage,urbanform,andthedistinctivespiritofplace.Theanalysesrevealthatthespiritofplaceremainsconstantastheurbanformisreshaped.Theyalsorevealthatreinterpretationsofthesymbolicsignificanceoftangibleandintangibleheritage,combinedwithinnovativedesignsandurbanrituals,transformtheemergingurbanformintoacontemporarycosmicone.
5.HowsuitableisLRforrenewalofinnercityareas?
AnanalysisforTurkey
Pages326-336
SevkiyeSenceTurk,WillemK.KorthalsAltes
PDF(229K)
Thelandreadjustment(LR)methodhasbeencomparedtotraditionalurbanrenewalmodels’substantialpotentialinfulfillingspecificfunctions,e.g.,landassembly,self-finance,theprotectionofsocialcapital,andresultsinacertaintime.However,thereislimitedinformationontheuseofLRinurbanrenewalareas.Forexample,itisnotknownhowsuitableLRisforrenewalofinnercityareasorwhetherLRcanbearemedytotheproblemsinurbanrenewal.ThispaperanswersthesequestionsbyfocusingonTurkey.Thepaperisbasedondiscussionandcomparisonoftheexistingapproachesinfulfillingspecificfunctionsinurbanrenewal,andthecompatibilityandcontributionofLRtotheframework.Theresultrevealsthataprivateinitiative(landownerassociationsorcooperatives)LRmodelcanbeasuitableinstrumentforurbanrenewalinTurkey.
6.The“Xochimilcomodel”formanagingirregularsettlementsinconservationlandinMexicoCity
Pages337-347
JillWigle
PDF(747K)
MexicoCityhaslongbeenknownasoneoftheworld’slargestmega-cities.Although,thecity’sgrowthrateshaveslowedsincethe1980s,thisprocessisnotmanifestedevenlyinspatialterms.Peripheralmunicipalitiescontinuetogrowathigherrates,includingthosemunicipalitiesinthesouthernpartoftheFederalDistrictthatcontainitsremainingconservationland.Thisgrowthislargely,butnotexclusively,drivenbytheongoingsearchforhousingamonglower-incomehouseholdsintheformofirregularsettlement.Overtime,thisincrementalpatternofsettlementexpansionhasfragmentedconservationlandandimpaireditsecologicalfunctioning.GiventheirroleinlanduseplanningwiththereintroductionofelectedlocalgovernmentsintheFederalDistrictin1997,thissituationhasplacedmunicipalitiesquiteliterallyatthe“frontlines”ofthisplanningandsustainabilitychallenge.ThispaperexaminestheapproachformanaginglanduseregularizationprocessesrelatedtoirregularsettlementinconservationlandadoptedbythemunicipalityofXochimilcoinits2005urbandevelopmentplan,withreferencetotheexperienceofaspecificcasestudycommunity.Basedonaseriesofinterviewswithresidentsandplanningofficials,thepaperdocumentsthehighly-negotiatednatureof“normative”planningthatfocusesonmitigatingtheimpactofsettlementintheconservationzoneratherthanstoppingitcompletely.Giventheenormoussocialpressurestoaccesslandforhousing,thepaperconcludesthatrealisticeffortstopreservetheremainingconservationlandmustinvolveamorecomprehensiveapproachthatbetterintegratesenvironmentalandsocialequityissueswithinandamongmunicipalandupper-levelsofgovernment.
7.UrbanidentitypoliciesinBerlin:
FromcriticalreconstructiontoreconstructingtheWall
Pages348-357
AlexanderTö
lle
PDF(3022K)
AfterthefalloftheIronCurtain,theEast-CentralEuropeancitieshadtore-inventthemselvestoquicklyadapttoaglobalisingworld.Urbanidentityproductionpolicieswereusuallygearedtoconnecttoachosenpre-socialist“GoldenAge”,ignoringthesocialistpastasasimpledisturbanceofa“normal”developmentpath.Thisstorythecitiesweretotell,however,frequentlyconflictedwiththesocio-economicrealitiesofaratherunsmoothtransformationprocess,makingthesocialistpastpartoftheurbanidentity.InthecaseofBerlin,apost-socialistandatthesametimeapost-western-strongholdcity,urbanidentityproductionisboundtobemorecomplicatedthananywhereelse.Afterthefailureofthepolicyto“criticallyreconstruct”thecosmopolitanmetropolisofthe1920sandthuserasingthepastofthedividedcity,policiesdevelopedintherun-uptothe20thanniversaryofthefalloftheWallaimatturningtheColdWarpastintoacentralelementofthestorythatistosupportitsurbanidentity,notablyleadingtothecomprehensivere-emergenceoftheBerlinWallinthecityscape.Thispolicy–unmatchedinotherEast-CentralEuropeancities–hasitsoriginsinahistoricstruggleforidentity,leadingtothequestionableattempttomake“change”themainstoryBerlinistotell.Thisthemehowever–inconjunctionwiththereconstructedWallasimagebrand–mayfallshortofcreatinganurbanidentityacceptedbylargepopulationparts.
8.FactorsgeneratingboardingsatMetrostationsintheSeoulmetropolitanarea
Pages358-368
KeeminSohn,HyunjinShim
PDF(451K)
ThisstudyisaninvestigationintothefactorsaffectingMetrodemandatastationlevel.ThesefactorswereexaminedintheSeoulmetropolitanarea,whichisoneofthemostdenselypopulatedregionsintheworld.Aregressionanalysiswasconductedwithweeklyaverageofstationboardingsasthedependentvariable.Twenty-fourindependentvariableswerechosenbasedoninsightsandfindingsfrompreviousstudies.Theywerecategorizedintothreegroup