原型基于颜色的图像检索与MATLAB论文Word文件下载.docx

原型基于颜色的图像检索与MATLAB论文Word文件下载.docx

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2TampereUniversityofTechnology,SignalProcessingLaboratory,Tampere,Finland

Abstract

Content-basedretrievalof（image）databasesbefore.Algorithmdevelop-mentforthispurposerequirestestingsimulationtools,buttherearenosuitablecommercialtoolsonthemarket.

Asimulationenvironmentforretrievingimagesfromdatabaseaccordingthispaper.Thisenvironmentallowstheuseofdifferentcolorspacesandnumbersofbins.ThealgorithmsareimplementedwithMATLAB.Eachcolorsystemm-files.

Thephasesofthesoftwarebuildingprocessarepre-sentedfromsystemdesigntographicaluserinterface（GUI）.ThefunctionalityisdescribedwithsnapshotsofGUI.

1.Introduction

Areferencebookisasuitableoption,iftheimagesarearrangedwithausefulmethod,forexample:

1）categories:

animals,flags,etc,2）names（requiresagoodnamingtechnique）or3）dates.Anexperiencedusercanusethesesystemsaswellastextualsearches（keywordsadatabase）efficiently.Therearesituationswhenamulti-languagesystembeutilized.Atoolwhichisbasedontheimages’propertiescanbemade

languageindependent.Thesepropertiescanbeforexamplecolor,shape,texture,spatiallocationofshapeetc.

IntheMuVi-project[1]thiskindoftoolisunderconstruction.Itwillcoverthepropertiespresentedabove.Researchworkoncontent-basedimageretrievaldonein[2–6].Thesystem,whichispresentedinthispaper,isasimulationenvironment,whereMuVi’scolorcontentbasedretrievaldevelopedandtested.

2.Systemdevelopment

MATLABisanefficientprogramforvectorandmatrixdataprocessing.Itcontainsreadyfunctionsformatrixmanipulationsandimagevisualizationandallowsaprogramtochosenasprototypingsoftware.

2.1Systemdesign

Beforeanym-fileswritten,thesystemdesignhasbeendone.AsystemdesignfortheHSV（andvalue）colorsystembasedretrievalprocessispresentedinFigure1.Similardesigndoneforallusedcolorsystems.

Figure1:

FunctionchartforHSVcolorspacewith27binsfunctionforthiscolorsystemandthisnumberofbins.Itcallsotherfunctions（needed.Each

colorsystemfunctionofitsownandvariablenumber（2–3）ofsub-functions.Ifthereisnoneedforcolorspaceconversionthereare2functions,otherwise3functionsonthefirstbranchofthefunctionchart.

Thefunctioncallofthemainfunctionis:

matches=tesths27（imagen,directory,num）

Thevariableimagenspecifiesthequeryimage’snameandpath.Thedirectoryisapathoftheimagedatabaseandnumisadesirednumberofretrievedimages.

2.2Functions

Atthismomenttherearefunctionsimplementedforfourcolorspaces:

HSV,L*a*b*,RGBandXYZ[7].Eachcolorspacefunctions.

Forsomecolorsystemsitispossibletomakethesefunctionsdynamic,i.e.dynamic.Everycolorsystembincombinationrequiresitsownbemadeonlywithanexhaustivemethod（pixelbypixel）.Histogramcalculationtakes½

-5minutesperimage,each

Thefunctionsnamedsothatthenamescontaininformationofthecolorspaceused,thepurposeofthefunctionsandthenumberofusedbins.Somefunctions,forexampleimage_pos,usedbymanyorallmainfunctionsandthesefunctionsnamedasdescribedabove.

Themainfunctionchecks,ifthefunctioncalliscorrect.Ifthequeryimage’snamedoesn’tcontainapath,thefunctionassumesthattheimageissituatedinthedatabasedirectory.Inadditiontothis,themainfunctionchecks,ifthequeryimagealreadythecurrentlyuseddatabase.Iftherequirediscalled.Thisfunctionalsonormalizespixelvaluesandarrangesimagematrixdatatoavectorformat.Afterthatstageacolorspaceconversionfunction（ifneeded）iscalled.Finallyaquantizationfunctionbuildsthebesavedintothedatabasedirectory.Iftheanalyzed.Thenthemainfunctionwillgothroughallimagesinthedatabasedirectorywithanalmostsimilaralgorithmasinthecaseofthequeryimage.Thedifferenceisthatnowtherewillbea

betweenthequeryimage’sandcurrentimage’swillbeusedtoputaqueryimageandthedesirednumberofbestmatchimagesonthedisplay.

2.3Linking

Itisnotpossibletouseaprogrambeforethemainfunctionandsub-functionsareconnectedtoeachother.Themainfunctionwillbecalledfromthecommandlineorthroughthegraphicaluserinterface,whichwillbepresentedlaterinthispaper.Inbothcasesthefunctioncallwillcontainthesamearguments.Formulti-levelsearchpurposesseparatemainfunctionsimplemented,butitispossibletoutilize“normal”functionsandaddoneparameter,wherethebestmatchesarraycanbetransferredforsecondastagecomparisonfunction.

Themainfunctioncallsanimagereadfunctionwiththeimage’sname.Thefunction.Ifacolorspaceconversionisneeded,theconversionfunctionwillbecalledfromthereadfunctionwithr,gandb–vectors.The.Finallythewillbecalledwithconvertedcolorvectors.Thisfunctionreturnsaquantizedfunction.

ThemainfunctioncallsthewithtwousesEuclidean-distancecalculation,butitcanbeeasilychangedto

anotheralgorithmduetothemodularityoftheprogram.Ifthedifferenceissmallerthanlargestdifferenceonabestmatchtable,thecurrentresultwillbewrittenoverthelastresultonthebestmatchtable.Afterthatthetableisarrangedagaininanascendingorderofdistance.Whenalltheimagesanalyzed,thesortedbestmatchtable,thenumberofdesiredoutputimages,thequeryimage’sname,thesearchimage’spathandthedatabase

patharetransferredtotheimage_posfunction.Thesevaluescanbetransferredintolargercomponents（vectorscontainers）.Nowtheprogramworksfasterwithseveralinputarguments,becausethereisnoneedfor

pickingupvariablesfromacontainer.

2.4Graphicaluserinterface

Thegraphicaluserinterface（GUI）isanimportantpartofsoftwaredevelopment.ThedesigningoftheGUIovertime,andsubjectivesatisfaction[9].Thissoftwareis,atthemoment,intendedtobeusedonlyfortestingpurposes.Themostimportantpropertyofthissoftwareisthattheresultsofdifferenttestqueriescanbeseenquicklyandthe

resultscanbesavedsafelyonadisk.Thusthevisuallayoutisnotasimportantasincaseofacommercialsoftwareproduct.

InFigure2thefirstscreenonGUIispresented.Thepurposesofthebuttons,menusandothercomponentswillbepresentedlater.Ifthissoftwareisdevelopedintoacommercialproduct,themenubarwillbedisabledinthefutureandtheexitandthecanvas.

Figure2:

GUIbeforethesearchimageselection.

InFigure3thesearchscreenispresentedjustbeforestartingasearch.Theuserisshownasearchimage,andinthiswaybesurethatthesearchwillbemadewiththecorrectimage.

Figure3:

GUIjustbeforerunningaquery.

TheresultsofthequerywillbepresentedonthescreenintheformatwhichispresentedinFigure6.

3.Usingthesoftware

ThefirstscreenpresentedinFigure2.Theusercanchoosefrompop-upmenus（seeFigure4）,ifthesearchismadewithoneacolorsystemorasamulti-levelsearch.Inaone-levelsearcharoughlyquantizedoramoreaccurateoneloop（onecolorsystem）.

Figure4:

Colorsystemselectionfromapopupmenu.

Thesecondmenuisdisabledbecauseaone-levelsearchisselected.

Inamulti-levelsearchtwodifferentcolorsystemsthesecondloopcanbeeitherthesameasonthefirstlooporadifferentone.Forquerieswithone-levelsearchtheselectionofasecondcolorsystemisdisabled.Theusercanselectthenumberofretrievedimagesatthefinalstage.Thesoftwarecanbelinkedtomanyimagedatabasesandtheusercanselectadatabasewherethequerywillbedirected.

Theusercanselectasearchimageeitherfromthesamedatabasewherethequerywillbedirectedto（default）orfromanydirectoryinwillbemadewiththefile–opendialog,whichispresentedin

Figure5.Theformcanbeclearedwiththe“Reset”button.Aqueryisexecutedwiththe“Search”button.Finallytheresultsofthesearchwillappearonthescreeninaseparatewindow,aspresentedinFigure6.Earlier[8]thesoftware

openedeachimageinaseparatewindowandevaluatingsavingtheresultsismoredifficultthanaftertheimprovement.Inthetoplefttopcorneristheoriginalqueryimage.Belowthatimagethebestmatchesarepresentedinadescendingorderofsimilarityfromlefttorightandfromtoptobottom.Theusercanselectsuitableimagesforfurtherusewiththe“Copyselected”orthe

“Printselected”buttons.The“Newsearch”buttonclosesthisformandgoesbacktotheoriginalsearchform.The“Searchsimilar”buttonexecutesanewsearchwhereaquery21as“Numberofmatchingimages”,thebestmatcheswillbeshownonmultiplescreens.Theusercanbrowsethesepageswiththe“Previouspage”and“Followingpage”

buttons.

Figure5:

Thequeryimageselectiondialog.Thelanguageofthedialogdependsonthelanguageoftheoperatingsystemused.

Figure6:

Theresultsofaquerywillbepresentedgraphically.

4.Summary

Thecolorcontent-basedretrievalrequiresalgorithms,whichgivevisuallycorrectresults.Correctlyworkingalgorithmscannotbechosenbeforesimulations.Thesoftwarepresentedinthispaperisintendedtobeused

fortestingpurposes.Someoperationswillbeimplemented,ifthesoftwareisdevelopedintoacommercialproduct.Somemodificationsareunder

construction.

Thissoftwareusedasatestingplatformfortests.Themodularityofthisprogrammakesitpossibletotakenewalgorithmsasapartofthesoftwareinashorttime.MATLABmakes

quickp