慧远的净土信仰研究Word格式.docx
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摘要
净土信仰起源于古代印度公元二三世纪左右随着大乘佛教的兴起印
度的净土思想也迅速发展在龙树著《十住毗婆沙论》的《易行品》已经提到
了阿弥陀佛的本愿力把借他力求取净土的修行方法称作易行道以自力修
行的方法称为难行道不过净土思想在印度影响有限然而在中国获得了很
大的发展
佛教内部流行的净土信仰有很多种主要有弥勒菩萨的兜率净土信仰阿阀
佛的东方妙喜净土信仰以及阿弥陀佛的弥陀净土信仰所谓净土就是大乘经
典所说的诸佛居住的地方又名净界净国佛国佛有无数因而净土也应该
有无数对中国信众影响最大的是弥陀净土信仰弥陀净土信仰根本经典主要有
《阿弥陀经》《无量寿经》和《观无量寿经》三部经典
随着佛教的传入弥陀净土信仰也传入中国早在西晋时期我国就出现
了对弥陀净土信仰活动但没有广泛传开到了东晋慧远在庐山东林寺与僧俗一
百二十三人结莲社念佛发愿往生弥陀净土这样后人把慧远奉为净土宗初祖
随后唐朝的善导大师先专学《法华经》和《维摩诘经》等经后归依道绰修学
净土他的著作主要是讲念佛三昧的方法建立了一整套念佛仪规后被尊称为
二祖唐朝末初的六祖永明延寿明代八祖莲池大师九祖藕益大师清代十一
祖省庵大师民国时期的十三祖印光大师等人都堪称为佛教史上的泰斗促使了
弥陀净土更为广泛的流传由于历代祖师的努力使得中国佛教形成了家家弥
陀佛户户观世音的佳话从这可以看出净土宗在中国佛教史上占有重要地
位及对中国佛教的巨大影响
本文以慧远的净土信仰思想为切入点而展开研究的慧远是东晋时期的著名
高僧在中国佛教史上建树很多对中国佛教的发展做出了不可磨灭的贡献深
受后人尊崇被后人尊称为净土宗初祖生死问题是宗教的核心问题而慧远一
生都在寻找和解决这个问题尤其是他创建莲社实践念佛往生净土本文以慧
I
远净土信仰为切入点深入分析从他所处的时代及当时的相关社会背景探索慧
远净土信仰的渊源他达到念佛三昧的方法以及他的净土信仰思想的影响
关键词慧远弥陀信仰渊源内容与特点影响
II
ABSTRACT
PureLandfaithoriginatedinancientIndiaPersecondaboutthethirdcenturywiththe
riseofMahayanaBuddhismthePureLandthoughtinIndiaisalsodevelopingrapidlyInthe
Nagarjunathe"
liveadjacentPoshaoften"
and"
easyitems"
hasbeenreferredtotheBuddhaofthe
desiretoseektoobtainbyhismethodofcultivationknownasPureLand"
easy-waystreet"
in
ordertopracticethemethodiscalledself-"
hard-waystreet"
butlimitedimpactonthePureLand
thoughtinIndiabutinChinaachievedgreatdevelopment
PureLandBuddhismwithinthepopularbelieftherearemanymainlyPureLandof
MaitreyaBodhisattvaTusitafaithAvalveEastFangmiaoXiPureLandBuddhistfaithandfaith
inAmitabhasPureLandTheso-calledPureLandBuddhaissaidMahayanaclassicplacetolive
alsoknownasthenetcommunitynetStatesBuddhaTherearecountlessBuddhaswhichshould
havemanyPureLandThegreatestimpactonthebelieversinChinaisPureLandfaithAmitabha
fundamentalbeliefsaretheclassic"
AmitabhaSutra"
"
Wuliangshoujing"
View
threeclassicsWiththeintroductionofBuddhismAmitabhafaithwas
introducedintoChinaBackintheWesternJinDynastyChinaappearedonthePureLandfaith
activitiesbutnotwidelyspreadJinHuiYuantothetemplewiththemonksintheLushan
MountainEastthreehundredandtwentyknotKokLinBuddhaAmitabhavowtoberebornso
thatfuturegenerationstheHuiyuanregardedasancestorofPureLandBuddhismFollowedbythe
TangDynastyShandaodashithefirstspecialschool"
LotusSutra"
Offerings"
andother
classicsthePureLandaftertherefugeDaochuofurtherstudiesHisbookismainlyabout
III
SamadhiBuddhausedtoestablishasetofchantingritualafterbeingknownasthesecond
ancestorThebeginningoftheendofthesixZuYongmingTangYanshouMingZuLianchitaishi
eightnineancestralbenefitlotusmastermasteroftheQingDynastyXIZouUmthirteen
RepublicanlightIndianancestorswhowerebothmastersinthehistoryofBuddhismcalledthe
deanoftopromotethewiderspreadofAmitabhaChroniclestheeffortsofthefoundermaking
theformationofChineseBuddhism"
BuddhaAmitabhaeveryfamilyeveryhouseholdGuanyin"
thestoryFromthiswecanseethehistoryofPureLandBuddhisminChinaoccupiesan
importantpositionandgreatinfluenceonChines
InthispaperHuiYuansPureLandfaithasastartingpointandstartthinkingofthestudye
BuddhismHuiYuanisafamousmonkduringtheEasternJinDynastymanyachievementsinthe
historyofChineseBuddhismChineseBuddhismhasmadeanindeliblecontributiontothe
developmentrespectedbyfuturegenerationswaslaterknownasthePureLandancestorLife
anddeathisthecoreissueofreligionandHuiyuanarelookingforlifeandsolvetheproblemIn
particularhecreatedLotusSocietychantingBuddhistPureLandpracticeInthispape
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