福建医大2005博士入学英语考试试卷.doc

福建医大2005博士入学英语考试试卷.doc

《福建医大2005博士入学英语考试试卷.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《福建医大2005博士入学英语考试试卷.doc（13页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

博士研究生入学英语考试试卷

（2005.5）

PartI.ReadingComprehension（40%）

Directions:

Readthefollowingfivepassages.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachpassagebychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET.

PassageOne

MostAmericanwomenknowregularPapsmearscuttheriskofcervicalcancer,butthatdoesn’tmeantheygointogetthetest.Halfthewomenwhodevelopthediseasehaven’thadaPaptestforthreeyears.Butanewtestmayonedayofferauser—friendlieralternative.Twostudiesinlastweek’sJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociationreportthataDNAtestdetectscervicalcancerjustaswellasPapsmearsdo.Betteryet,womencancollectsamplesforthetestthemselves.ThePapsmearhascausedafivefolddropincervicalcancersince1960s.Butsinceadoctormusttakethesmearduringapelvicexam,womenwhodon’thaveaccesstogynecologistsaren’tscreened.Soaself-collectedtestcouldbegoodnewsforpatients,likethe1,365SouthAfricansinoneoftheJAMAstudies.Theycollectedtheirownvaginalsamplesonswabs.SamplesweresenttotheUnitedStates,whereaDNAtestcaught66percentofthewomen’scervicalcancers;68percentweredetectedbyPapsmears.Andwhendoctorscollectedthesamples,thatstudy,andasecondoneofCostaRicanwomen,foundthatDNAtestsactuallycaughtmorecancersthanPapsmears.

DoesthismeanwomencanbidfarewelltothePaptest?

Probablynot.Doctorsthinkcervicalcanceriscausedbythetransmittedhumanpapillomavirus.TheDNAtestdetectsgeneticmaterialfrom13formsofit,whicharefoundin96percentswhohavecervicalcancer.Butmostyoungwomenwhohavepapillomavirusdon’tactuallydevelopcancer.Sothetestcancausefalsealarms.DNAtestscouldproveusefulforolderwomen,though.Mostwomenfightoffthevirusbeforetheyturn40.Iftheydon’t,they’remorelikelytogetcervicalcancer.Butthey’realsolesslikelytogetPapsmearsbecausemanystopvisitinggynecologistsafterchildbearingage,andthetestgetsmoreuncomfortable.Soaquick,self-collectedtestcouldcutcervicalcancerrates:

“Ifwecouldmakescreeningaseasyasaurinetestatthedoctor’soffice,wewouldgetmorecoverage,”saysThomasWright,leadauthoroftheSouthAfricanstudyandassociateprofessorofPathologyatColumbia.ThoughtruehometestingawaitsFDAapprovalandcouldbeyearsaway,generalpractitionerscouldadministerthetest,too.

Detectionisonething;treatingcervicalcancerisanother.Doctorsrecentlyannouncedthatacombinationofradiationandchemotherapycancuttheriskofdeath30to50percent.Andresearchershopetosomedaypreventpapillomainfections:

“Ultimately,vaccineswillbethebestwaywepreventcervicalcancerworldwide,”Wrightpredicts.Butfornow,theDNAtestcouldhelpmainlyincountriesthatcanaffordthe$6billiontheUnitedStatesspendsonPapscreeningeveryyear.Butthere’soneimportantcaveat:

anewtestwillbeusefulonlyifpatientscangetmedicaltreatmentafterward.

1.ThePapsmear__________________________.

A）hascausedafivefolddropincervicalcancersincethe1960s

B）caught66percentofthewomen’scervicalcancers

C）CaughtmorecancersthantheDNATest

D）Isveryconvenientforwomentodoself-examination

2.WhytheDNAtestcannotreplacePapsmear?

A）Doctorsthinkcervicalcanceriscausedbythesexuallytransmittedhumanpapillomavirus.

B）TheDNAtestdetectsgeneticmaterialfrom12formsofpapilloomavirus,whicharefoundin96percentofpatientswhohavecervicalcancer.

C）Mostyoungwomenwhohavepapillomavirusdon’tactuallydevelopcancer.

D）TheDNAtestcancausefalsealarms.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementisnotcorrect?

A）HomeDNAtesthasnotyetbeenapprovedbyDNA.

B）DNAtestscouldproveusefulforolderwomen.Mostwomenfightoffthevirusbeforetheyturn40.

C）Doctorsrecentlyannouncedthatacombinationofradiationandchemotherapycancurecervicalcancer.

D）TheDNAtestcouldhelpmainlyincountriesthatcan’taffordthe$6billiontheUnitedStatesspendsonPapscreeningeveryyear.

PassageTwo

Althoughlanguageisusedtotransmitinformation,theinformativefunctionsoflanguagearefusedwitholderanddeeperfunctionssothatonlyasmallportionofoureverydayspeechcanbedescribedaspurelyinformative.Theabilitytouselanguageforstrictlyinformativepurposeswasprobablydevelopedrelativelylateinthecourseoflinguisticevolution.Longbeforethattime,ourancestralspeciesprobablymadethesortsofcriesanimalsdotoexpressfeelingsofhunger,fear,loneliness,andthelike.Graduallythesenoisesseemtohavebecomemoredifferentiated,transformingthecriesintolanguageasweknowittoday.

Althoughwehavedevelopedlanguageinwhichaccuratereportsmaybegiven,westilluselanguageasvocalequivalentsofgesturessuchascryinginp