在职教育硕士英语二辅导课程讲义资料Word文档格式.docx
《在职教育硕士英语二辅导课程讲义资料Word文档格式.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《在职教育硕士英语二辅导课程讲义资料Word文档格式.docx（25页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。
AmericanfoodistastelessandgreasybecauseAmericansusetoomanycanned,frozen,andprepackagedfoodsandbecauseeverythingisfriedinoilorbutter.
3．必须包含作者明确的态度。
以下就不是
Iamnotsureifitisnecessaryforcollegestudentstotakepart-timejobs.
4．必须简洁，吸引人。
（2001）Loveinneedisloveindeed.
5．必须统领全文，但不能超出全文内容。
（2001）Loveisthenoblestfeelingsofmankind.
三．主题句的位置
1．强烈建议放段首。
2．其他部位可以设置主题句的复述句，如段末。
观察此段：
Synonyms,wordsthathavethesamemeaning,donotalwayshavethesameemotionalmeaning.Forexample,thewordsstingyandfrugalbothmean“carefulwithmoney.”However,tocallapersonstingyisaninsult,whilethewordfrugalhasmuchpositiveconnotation.Similarly,apersonwantstobeslenderbutnotskinny,andaggressivebutnotpushy.Therefore,youshouldbecarefulinchoosingwordsbecausemanyso-calledsynonymsarenotreallysynonymsatall.
四．主题句的复述（RestatementofT.S.）
1．如果是在段末，用强调词连接。
2．与主题句保持意思的一致。
3．转换方式：
词对应，同根，逆向
第二节段落的句子结构
一．扩展句（supportingsentence）
1．目的：
发展，支持或证明主题句
2．手段：
给出原因，事实，数据，引言，或加以阐述
3．种类：
主要扩展句（majorsupportingstatement）
次要扩展句（minorsupportingstatement）
递进扩展句（additionalsupportingstatement）
Examplesforsupportingsentences
T.S.Over-fishingleadstothedecreaseoffishresources.
1.Reason:
Thisisbecauseanincreasingnumberoffishermencangofishingatsea.
2.Fact/figures:
Accordingtoareportonfishingreleasedby….University,thefishingboatsare25timesmorethan20yearsago.
3.Citation:
JustaprofessorfromthefisherydepartmentofHarvardUniversitysaid,“Over-consumptionofresourceswillresultinnegativeeffectonfuturedevelopmentofhumanbeings.”
4.Furtherreasoning:
Inotherwords,over-consumptionofresourceswillresultinnegativeeffectonfuturedevelopmentofhumanbeings.
二．转折句（contrastsentence）
（议论文）反面论证观点
条件假设
3．转折词：
ontheotherhand,incontrast,without,secondlyif,otherwise
Examplesforcontrastsentence
Inmyopinion,moneyitselfcanneitherbuyhappinessnorcauseevil.Ifyoumakegooduseofmoney,youcanimproveyourlifegreatly.Otherwise,youwillbeaslaveofmoneyandevilwillcomeintoyourheart.Inshort,onlywhenmoneyisusedforthebenefitofnotonlyyourselfbutalsootherpeople,canitbringyourealhappiness.
三．结论句（concludingsentence）
对全段或全文总结，归纳或进一步强调观点
主题句的复述或引申
3．过渡词：
逗号型：
Asaresult,Indeed,Tosumup,
从句型：
Itisclearthat…,Therecanbenodoubtthat….
Exampleforconcludingsentence
Throughtheaboveanalysis,Ibelievethatthepositiveaspectsoverweighthenegativeones.Therefore,Iwouldliketosuggestthatparentsshoulddecidewhethertoadopthometutoringaccordingtothechildren’necessity.
四．段落的组织
说明段和描述段的基本组织形式有以下两种：
1．
主题句
并列扩展式
扩展句2
扩展句1
结论句
Example
Consideringallthesereasons,IthinkweshouldtakesomepositivemeasurestoseizetheopportunityofglobalizationandintroduceChinesetraditionalcultureandcustomstoforeigners.Ononehand,ourgovernmentoughttoinvestmoreinthestudyoftraditionalculture.Ontheotherhand,itisnecessaryforustopaymoreattentiontothedevelopmentofsuchtraditionalartsasBeijingOpera.Onlyinthiswaycanournationalculturebealongwiththequickinternationaldevelopment.
2．递进扩展式
递进扩展句
主要扩展句
Ithinkwehavetotakemoreeffectivemeasurestohelppoorchildrentogoonwiththeirschoolings.Throughsomedonationprogram,wecanhelpthempaytheirtuition.Inaddition,wealsoorganizesometeacherstofollowupandseewhatwecandotohelptheirfamily.Aslongastheirfamilygetoutofpoverty,childrencanstayinschoolwithoutworries.
议论段的基本组织形式有以下两种：
1．正论递进式
扩展句1
TheProjectHopeisofgreatnecessity.Firstofall,manypeopleinpoverty-strickenareascanhardlymakealiving,tosaynothingofsendingtheirchildrentoschools.Moreover,educationisvitaltothesuccessfortheeconomicandsocialprogressofthecountry.Butit’simpossibleforourgovernmenttoaffordsuchasumfortheschooldrop-outs.ThustheProjectHopebecomesthebestsolution.
2．正反论证式
转折句（反论）
扩展句（正论）
Patienceisessentialtomodernpeople.Ifwecantaketimeandgraspthegoodchancethemomentitarises,wecanmakeabigprogressinourwork.Onthecontrary,ifwehavenotenoughpatience,chancemayslipbywhileweareworryingforthisorthat.Therefore,youhadbettertaketimeandwaitforthegoodchance.
第三节句子写作
一．常见错误分析（FromWrongsentencetocorrectsentence）
a.句子片段，断句（sentencefragment）
ThereisaprettyAmericangirl,she’ssmiling.
Itisacartoon,thatacockgiveaadmissiontoothers.
Butifnot,isitahen?
Becausemostlypeoplearefreedinthesametime.
In1995,thereisonefishontheocean,butshipsaremanyandmany.
b.时态混乱
In1995thenumberoffishwecanseewereveryfewandatthesametime,manyfishingoccurredbeforeoureyes.（timereference:
1995）
Duringthepasttimetherearenotabundantgoodsinthemarket.Peoplewouldnotconcernservicequalitysolongastheycouldbuywhattheyneeded.（timereference:
pasttime）
Everyyearabout300millionpeopledieddiseasethatdeprivefromsmoking.Smokingusemuchmoneyeveryyear.（timereference:
everyyear）
In1994,thetotalproductoftobaccois14.364billionpoundsandin1995,is14.2billionpounds.（timereference:
1994+1995）
Whatcausedthisphenomenon?
（timereference:
null）
c.代词误用
Itisincredibletomanypeople.Cigarettesmokersspendmoneyforillness.
Hewasknockeddownbyabicycle,butitwasnotserious.
Everyoneshoulddothatheorshehavepromised,butnotjusttheirduty.
Second,perhapsthisisthemainreason.
Canyoufindanythingnewinthis?
d.其他错误
Ifyoudoyourhomeworkthoughtfully,astudentshouldbeabletopassthisexamination.
Jerryswallowedasteak,andanentirehalfagallonoficecreamwaseatenbyhim.
Seenfromthetopofthemountain,wefoundthesmalltownmorebeautiful.
二．句子质量提升（Fromcorrect-onlysentencetoenhancedsentence）
1．句子质量的基本改进
a.短句（choppysentence）
Waterisanenduringsourceofpower.Itisalsoanunlimitedenergysource.Damsproducepower.Theyhaveexistedforalongtime.Butwindmillsarerelativelynew.
Wemustfindnewsourcesofenergy.Naturalsourcesofenergyaredecreasing.Solarenergyisapromisingnewsourceofenergy.Solarenergyisenergyfromthesun.
b.松散句（loosesentence）
信息重要性确定句式
1）IwasinterestedinEnglish,butIfinallychosecomputerasmymajor.
2）Ichosecomputerasmymajor,althoughIwasinterestedinEnglish.
多于2个句子的松散句，可以考虑修改
Manystudentsattendclassesallmorning,andthentheyworkallafternoon,andtheyalsohavetostudyatnight,sotheyareusuallyexhaustedbytheweekend.
c.赘言问题（redundant）
Inmyopinion,Ibelieveexam-orientedassessmentsystemneedstobechanged.
Ingeneral,youngpeoplethesedaystendtoremainsingle.
Thereasonwhypeoplechoosetoliveinthecountrysideisbecausethereisnopollutionnornoisethere.
Itishighlyimportanttofindasolutiontosolvethisproblem.
d.汉化英语（Chinese-English）
Watershortageisaseriousprobleminbigcities,suchasShanghai,becauseithasovertenmillionpeople.
Governmentshouldworkhardtoraisethelivinglevelofthepeople.
Doingregularexercisescanhelpourbody.
2．句子质量的加强改进
a.强调句
b.倒装句
c.平行句
ParallelStructure
IamnotsurewhetherIshouldgivethebeggarmoneyortoofferhimfood.
Theywouldlieonthebattlefieldforhoursandsometimesdays.
Heleftthecitybecausehedidn’tgetsuccessinbusiness,becausehisfriendscameandbecausehishealthdeteriorated.
Thecriminalwasfoundguiltybecausehestolesthintheshopandsentbribestojudges.
d.插入语
Insertedphrases
Inotherwords,over-fishingwillleadtonegativeeffectonourenvironment.
Accordingtoareportonfishingreleasedby….University,thefishingboatsare25timesmorethan20yearsago.
Asisknowtoall,smokingisbadtohealth.
3．十大必备句式
1）IT-structure
Itisrecognizedthat…
Itisclearlyshownthat…
Itispossibleforustoknowthat…
2）THERE-structure
Thereiswideconcernover…
Thereisageneralunderstandingthat…
Thereisnodenyingthefactthat…
3）AS-structure
Asweallknow,…
Asfollows.
Asamatteroffact,…
4）WITH-structure
Withthepassingofyearsthesituationhasbecomemoreserious.
Wisdomcomeswithexperience.
Nosweetwithoutsweat.
5）.IN-structure
incaseof…（在…情况下）
Incaseofdifficulty,weshouldturntofriends.
intermsof…（就…来说）
Intermsofvalue,thisapproachisthebest.
inviewof…（考虑到…）
inthematterof…（就什么事情说）
inlightof…（根据,依照）
6）CAUSE–typeExpressions
factorsfor…
factorscanexplain/accountfor…
beresponsiblefor…/playapartin…/contributealotto…
resultfrom…/beascribedto…/berootedin…
7）DIGIT-typeExpressions
ascanbeseen/revealed/shown/suggested/,
fromthestatistics/information/data/figuresgiven,
numberof…doubled/tripled,ascomparewith…
jump/rise/increase/grow;
drop/decrease/fall/decline
remainsteady/stable/unchanged
reachapeak/aclimax/thehighest（lowest）point
8）EFFECT-typeExpressions
create/produce/giveriseto…side-effects
exer
升级会员 