塔吉尔宪章TheNizhnyTagilCharterfortheIndustrialHeritageWord文件下载.docx

塔吉尔宪章TheNizhnyTagilCharterfortheIndustrialHeritageWord文件下载.docx

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TICCIHistheworldorganisationrepresentingindustrialheritageandisspecialadvisertoICOMOSonindustrialheritage.ThischarterwasoriginatedbyTICCIHandwillbepresentedtoICOMOSforratificationandforeventualapprovalbyUNESCO.

TICCIH是代表工业遗产保护的国际组织，是ICOMOS在工业遗产保护方面的专业咨询团。

该宪章由TICCIH起草，提交ICOMOS批示，并最终由UNESCO正式批准。

Preamble

Theearliestperiodsofhumanhistoryaredefinedbythearchaeologicalevidenceforfundamentalchangesinthewaysinwhichpeoplemadeobjects,andtheimportanceofconservingandstudyingtheevidenceofthesechangesisuniversallyaccepted.

FromtheMiddleAges,innovationsinEuropeintheuseofenergyandintradeandcommerceledtoachangetowardstheendofthe18thcenturyjustasprofoundasthatbetweentheNeolithicandBronzeAges,withdevelopmentsinthesocial,technicalandeconomiccircumstancesofmanufacturingsufficientlyrapidandprofoundtobecalledarevolution.TheIndustrialRevolutionwasthebeginningofahistoricalphenomenonthathasaffectedanever-greaterpartofthehumanpopulation,aswellasalltheotherformsoflifeonourplanet,andthatcontinuestothepresentday.

Thematerialevidenceoftheseprofoundchangesisofuniversalhumanvalue,andtheimportanceofthestudyandconservationofthisevidencemustberecognised.

Thedelegatesassembledforthe2003TICCIHCongressinRussiawishthereforetoassertthatthebuildingsandstructuresbuiltforindustrialactivities,theprocessesandtoolsusedwithinthemandthetownsandlandscapesinwhichtheyarelocated,alongwithalltheirothertangibleandintangiblemanifestations,areoffundamentalimportance.Theyshouldbestudied,theirhistoryshouldbetaught,theirmeaningandsignificanceshouldbeprobedandmadeclearforeveryone,andthemostsignificantandcharacteristicexamplesshouldbeidentified,protectedandmaintained,inaccordancewiththespiritoftheVeniceCharter[1],fortheuseandbenefitoftodayandofthefuture.

该会议的代表一致认为，为工业活动建造的建筑和构筑物、工业生产过程与使用的工具，工业生存所在的城镇以及形成的景观，以及其它物质和非物质载体，都具有同等的重要性。

应该研究、讲授它们的历史，探索和界定它们的价值，认定最具代表性和特色的案例，以威尼斯宪章为指导来实施保护和维护。

1.Definitionofindustrialheritage工业遗产的定义

Industrialheritageconsistsoftheremainsofindustrialculturewhichareofhistorical,technological,social,architecturalorscientificvalue.Theseremainsconsistofbuildingsandmachinery,workshops,millsandfactories,minesandsitesforprocessingandrefining,warehousesandstores,placeswhereenergyisgenerated,transmittedandused,transportandallitsinfrastructure,aswellasplacesusedforsocialactivitiesrelatedtoindustrysuchashousing,religiousworshiporeducation.

工业遗产是具有历史价值、技术价值、社会意义、建筑或科研价值的工业文化遗存。

包括建筑物和机械、车间、磨坊、工厂、矿山以及相关的加工提炼场地、仓库和店铺、生产、传输和使用能源的场所、交通基础设施，除此之外，还有与工业生产相关的其它社会活动场所，如住房供给、宗教崇拜或者教育。

Industrialarchaeologyisaninterdisciplinarymethodofstudyingalltheevidence,materialandimmaterial,ofdocuments,artefacts,stratigraphyandstructures,humansettlementsandnaturalandurbanlandscapes[2],createdfororbyindustrialprocesses.Itmakesuseofthosemethodsofinvestigationthataremostsuitabletoincreaseunderstandingoftheindustrialpastandpresent.

ThehistoricalperiodofprincipalinterestextendsforwardfromthebeginningoftheIndustrialRevolutioninthesecondhalfoftheeighteenthcenturyuptoandincludingthepresentday,whilealsoexaminingitsearlierpre-industrialandproto-industrialroots.Inadditionitdrawsonthestudyofworkandworkingtechniquesencompassedbythehistoryoftechnology.

研究关注的主要历史时期是自18世纪后半叶工业革命以来至今，但不排出前工业时期和工业萌芽期的活动。

2.Valuesofindustrialheritage工业遗产的价值

I.Theindustrialheritageistheevidenceofactivitieswhichhadandcontinuetohaveprofoundhistoricalconsequences.Themotivesforprotectingtheindustrialheritagearebasedontheuniversalvalueofthisevidence,ratherthanonthesingularityofuniquesites.

保护工业遗产的宗旨是基于这个群体的普遍价值，而非个别遗址的独特性。

II.Theindustrialheritageisofsocialvalueaspartoftherecordofthelivesofordinarymenandwomen,andassuchitprovidesanimportantsenseofidentity.Itisoftechnologicalandscientificvalueinthehistoryofmanufacturing,engineering,construction,anditmayhaveconsiderableaestheticvalueforthequalityofitsarchitecture,designorplanning.

工业遗产的社会价值在于它记载了芸芸众生的生活，是认同感的基础；

它们在机械工程方面具有技术和科研价值，同时它们的设计和建造工艺也是美的源泉。

III.Thesevaluesareintrinsictothesiteitself,itsfabric,components,machineryandsetting,intheindustriallandscape,inwrittendocumentation,andalsointheintangiblerecordsofindustrycontainedinhumanmemoriesandcustoms.

上述的价值是内在的，由工业遗产的肌理、要素、机械和装置等等决定，不管它们是屹立在大地上还是存留在卷宗里，甚至人们的记忆中。

IV.Rarity,intermsofthesurvivalofparticularprocesses,sitetypologiesorlandscapes,addsparticularvalueandshouldbecarefullyassessed.Earlyorpioneeringexamplesareofespecialvalue.

稀缺性使工业遗产价值锦上添花，那些早期建设的具有开创性的工业景观更是如此。

3.Theimportanceofidentification,recordingandresearch认定、登录与研究遗产的重要性

I.Everyterritoryshouldidentify,recordandprotecttheindustrialremainsthatitwantstopreserveforfuturegenerations.

所有的地区都有认定、登陆和保护工业遗迹的义务。

II.Surveysofareasandofdifferentindustrialtypologiesshouldidentifytheextentoftheindustrialheritage.Usingthisinformation,inventoriesshouldbecreatedofallthesitesthathavebeenidentified.Theyshouldbedevisedtobeeasilysearchableandshouldbefreelyaccessibletothepublic.Computerisationandon-lineaccessarevaluableobjectives.

必须决定工业遗产的范围，据此建立遗产清单，便于公众查询。

III.Recordingisafundamentalpartofthestudyofindustrialheritage.Afullrecordofthephysicalfeaturesandconditionofasiteshouldbemadeandplacedinapublicarchivebeforeanyinterventionsaremade.Muchinformationcanbegainedifrecordingiscarriedoutbeforeaprocessorsitehasceasedoperation.Recordsshouldincludedescriptions,drawings,photographsandvideofilmofmovingobjects,withreferencestosupportingdocumentation.Peoples'

memoriesareauniqueandirreplaceableresourcewhichshouldalsoberecordedwhentheyareavailable.

遗产登陆是研究工作最基础的部分，针对场地空间特性和现状进行完整的报告，在进行任何干预活动之前提交公共档案馆备案。

登陆内容包括描述性文字、草图、照片和短片，当地人们的记忆也是重要的信息来源。

IV.Archaeologicalinvestigationofhistoricindustrialsitesisafundamentaltechniquefortheirstudy.Itshouldbecarriedouttothesamehighstandardsasthatofsitesfromotherhistoricalorculturalperiods.

对工业遗址开展考古学研究也是重要的手段，对工业革命以来时期的考古研究与其它时期同等重要。

V.Programmesofhistoricalresearchareneededtosupportpoliciesfortheprotectionoftheindustrialheritage.Becauseoftheinterdependencyofmanyindustrialactivities,internationalstudiescanhelpidentifysitesandtypesofsitesofworldimportance.

研究为政策的制定提供参考依据。

由于工业活动之间的互相依赖型，对于有世界意义的工业遗产，可以组织国际性的研究来认定遗产及其类型。

VI.Thecriteriaforassessingindustrialbuildingsshouldbedefinedandpublishedsoastoachievegeneralpublicacceptanceofrationalandconsistentstandards.Onthebasisofappropriateresearch,thesecriteriashouldbeusedtoidentifythemostimportantsurvivinglandscapes,settlements,sites,typologies,buildings,structures,machinesandprocesses.

评估工业建筑的标准应公开透明，被大众广泛接受。

在充分研究基础上形成的标准用以认定存留的景观、居民点、遗迹、类型、建筑、构造、机械以及其它过程。

VII.Thosesitesandstructuresthatareidentifiedasimportantshouldbeprotectedbylegalmeasuresthataresufficientlystrongtoensuretheconservationoftheirsignificance.TheWorldHeritageListofUNESCOshouldgiveduerecognitiontothetremendousimpactthatindustrialisationhashadonhumanculture.

经认定具有重要意义的遗址和构造应采取法律手段予以强有力的保护。

联合国教科文组织的世界遗产清单应充分重视工业化对人类文化的巨大影响。

VIII.Thevalueofsignificantsitesshouldbedefinedandguidelinesforfutureinterventionsestablished.Anylegal,administrativeandfinancialmeasuresthatarenecessarytomaintaintheirvalueshouldbeputinplace.

重要一直的价值应给与清晰表述并针对未来发展制定行动导则。

任何必须的法律、政策和财政手段都必须及时落实。

IX.Sitesthatareatriskshouldbeidentifiedsothatappropriatemeasurescanbetakentoreducethatriskandfacilitatesuitableschemesforrepairingorre-usingthem.

受到威胁的遗址应及时甄别出来以便采取合适的措施降低风险，并制定合适的修复与再利用计划。

X.Internationalco-operationisaparticularlyappropriateapproachtotheconservationoftheindustrialheritagethroughco-ordinatedinitiativesandsharingresources.Compatiblecriteriashouldbedevelopedtocompileinternationalinventoriesanddatabases.

国际合作可以形成连贯的动力并实现资源共享，使一种比较适宜的方式。

各地的标准之间应具有兼容性，以便综合整理成国际清单于数据库。

4.Legalprotection法律保护

I.Theindustrialheritageshouldbeseenasanintegralpartoftheculturalheritageingeneral.Nevertheless,itslegalprotectionshouldtakeintoaccountthespecialnatureoftheindustrialheritage.Itshouldbecapableofprotectingplantandmachinery,below-groundelements,standingstructures,complexesandensemblesofbuildings,andindustriallandscapes.Areasofindustrialwasteshouldbeconsideredfortheirpotentialarchaeologicalaswellasecologicalvalue.

工业遗产应被视为一般意义上文化不可分割的部分，然而工业遗产的立法保护也存在其特殊性。

保护的对象包括工厂与机械、地下设施、地面构造、建筑群以及工业景观整体。

必须工业废墟前在的考古和生态学价值。

II.Programmesfortheconservationoftheindustrialheritageshouldbeintegratedintopoliciesforeconomicdevelopmentandintoregionalandnationalplanning.

保护工业遗产的计划应整合到经济发展政策和区域乃至国土规划中。

III.Themostimportantsitesshouldbefullyprotectedandnointerventionsallowedthatcompromisetheirhistoricalintegrityortheauthenticityoftheirfabric.Sympatheticadaptationandre-usemaybeanappropriateandacost-effectivewayofensuringthesurvivalofindustrialbuildings,andshouldb