新概念英语第一册语法总结文档格式.docx
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Thedogdoesn’tlikebones.
★肯定回答及否定回答:
Yes,hedoes.No,hedoesn’t.
Yes,shedoes.No,shedoesn’t
Yes,itdoes.No,itdoesn’t.
注意:
第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加S,不要和名词复数混淆,变否定句或疑问句时名词复数没有任何转变。
其他人称及复数名词
Iwanttohaveabath.
Wehavesomemeat.
Thestudentslikesmartteachers.
★变疑问句在句首加do
Doyouwanttohaveabath?
Dowehaveanymeat?
Dothestudentslikesmartteachers?
★变否定句在主语和动词之间加don’t.
Youdon’twanttohaveabath.
Wedon’thaveanymeat.
Thestudentsdon’tlikesmartteachers.
Yes,Ido.No,Idon’t.
Yes,wedo.No,wedon’t
Yes,theydo.No,theydon’t.
新概念英语第一册语法总结
(二)
2.此刻进行时
表示此刻正在进行的动作。
组成:
主语+be动词+动词的此刻分词+其它成份(此刻分词的组成见附录)
Wearehavinglunch.
Heisreadingabook.
Thedogisrunningafteracat.
Theboysareswimmingacrosstheriver.
Arewehavinglunch?
Ishereadingabook?
Isthedogrunningafteracat?
Aretheboysswimmingacrosstheriver?
★变否定句在be动词后面加not
Wearenothavinglunch.
Heisnotreadingabook.
Thedogisnotrunningafteracat.
★特殊疑问句:
what,which,how,where,who,etc.
疑问词+动词+主语+此刻分词
Whatareyoudoing?
Whatisshedoing?
Whatisthedogdoing?
没有进行时的动词(必背)
表示状态,思想,情感和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作
1.表示感觉,感官的词
see,hear,like,love,want,
2.have,has当”拥有”讲时没有进行时
新概念英语第一册语法总结(三)
3.一般过去时
表示过去发生的动作或事件,常和表示过去的时刻状语连用,如yesterday,lastnight,thedaybeforeyesterday,3daysago,
含有be动词的句子,将动词变成过去式,am,is的过去式为was,are的过去式为were
Iwasatthebutcher’s.
Youwereastudentayearago.
Theteacherwasverybeautifultenyearsago.
★变疑问句将be动词移动到句首
Wereyouatthebutcher’s?
Wereyouastudentayearago?
Wastheteacherverybeautifultenyearsago?
Iwasnotatthebutcher’s.
Youwerenotastudentayearago.
Theteacherwasnotverybeautifultenyearsago.
★肯定回答否定回答
Yes,Iwas.No,Iwasnot.
Yes,youwere.No,youwerenot.
Yes,he/shewas.No,he/shewasnot.
Whatdidyoudo?
(必背)
不含有be动词的句子,将动词变成过去式,动词过去式组成见附录
Ifinishedmyhomeworkyesterday.
Theboywenttoarestaurant.
TheSawyerslivedatKingStreetayearago.
★变疑问句在句首加did,动词变成原型
Didyoufinishyourhomeworkyesterday?
Didtheboygotoarestaurant?
DidtheSawyersliveatKingStreetayearago?
★变否定句在主语和动词之间加didnot
Ididnotfinishmyhomeworkyesterday.
Theboydidnotgotoarestaurant.
TheSawyersdidnotliveatKingStreetayearago.
Yes,Idid.No,Ididn’t.
Yes,hedid.No,hedidn’t.
Yes,theydid.No,theydidnot.
新概念英语第一册语法总结(四)
4.此刻完成时
主语+助动词have,has+过去分词
用法:
2)表示过去发生的和此刻有某种联系的动作,常和just,usually,already,since等时刻副词连用
Ihavejusthadlunch.(饱了,不用再吃了)
Hehashadacupoftea.(不渴了,不用再喝)
Theyhavealreadyhadtheirholiday.(不能再度假了)
Theboyhasalreadyreadthebook.(已经明白书的内容了,不用再看了)
3)询问他人是不是做过某事一般用此刻完成时:
Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?
HaveyoubeentoBeijing?
Haveheseenthefilm?
4)表示开始于过去并持续到此刻的动作
IhavelivedinBeijingfortwentyyears.
Ihaveworkedforthisschoolfor1year.
8)表示一种经历,经验:
去过…地方,做过…情形,经历过…情形
Ihaveneverhadabath.
Ihaveneverseenafilm.
Ihaveneverbeentocinema.
IhaveeverbeentoParis.
Havebeento表示去过,havegoneto表示去了
IhavebeentoLondon.(人已经回来)
HehasgonetoLondon.(人还在那里)
11)表示一种结果,一般不和时刻副词联用
Ihavelostmypen.
Ihavehurtmyself.
Hehasbecomeateacher.
Shehasbrokenmyheart.
句型转变:
★变疑问句将助动词移到句首,变否定句在助动词后面加not.
.Haveyoulostyourpen?
Ihavenotlostmypen.
Yes,Ihave.No,Ihavenot.
Whathaveyoudone?
Whathashedone?
一般过去时与此刻完成时的区别:
凡有明确的表示过去的时刻状语的句子为过去时
有些动词表示的动作有一个终点,不能再延续,因此不能和表示一段时刻状语连用
错:
I’veleftBeijingfor3days.
对:
IleftBeijing3daysago.Ihavebeenawayfrombeingfor3days.
新概念英语第一册语法总结(五)
5.一般未来时
表示未来将要发生的动作,常常和tomorrow,nextyear,thedayaftertomorrow,theyearafterthenext,infivehours’time,etc.表示未来的词联用
结构:
主语+助动词will+动词原形
IwillgotoAmericatomorrow.
ThepilotwillflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext.
Jackwillmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning.
★变疑问句将助动词移到句首
WillyougotoAmericatomorrow?
WillthepilotflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext?
WillJackmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning?
★变否定句在助动词后面加not
IwillnotgotoAmericatomorrow.
ThepilotwillnotflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext.
Jackwillnotmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning
Yes,Iwill.No,Iwillnot.
Yes,he/shewill.No,he/shewillnot.
Yes,hewill.No,hewillnot.
Whatwillyoudo?
新概念英语第一册语法总结(六)
6.过去完成时:
在过去的时间里,两个动作中,发生在前的哪个动作要用过去完成时。
had+过去分词
Aftershehadfinishedherhomework,shewentshopping.
TheyhadsoldthecarbeforeIaskedtheprice.
ThetrainhadleftbeforeIarrivedatthestation.
After/before引导的时刻状语从句放在句首要在句子后面加逗号,若是放在主句后则不用加。
5变疑问句将助动词移到句首
Hadshefinishedherhomework?
6变否定句在助动词后面加not
Shehadn’tfinishedherhomework.
7肯定回答及否定回答
Yes,shehad.No,shehadn’t.
8特殊疑问句:
Whathadshedone?
新概念英语第一册语法总结(七)
7.过去进行时
表示过去正在进行的动作,经常常利用在when,while,as引导的状语从句中。
was/were+doing
Whenmyhusbandwasgoingintothediningroomthismorning,hedroppedsomecoinsonthefloor.
Whilewewerehavingdinner,myfatherwaswatchingTV.
新概念英语第一册语法总结(八)
8过去未来时
woulddo
Shesaidshewouldgoherethenextmorning.
两个特殊句型:
therebe句型,begoingto结构
1)Begoingto结构
表示打算,预备,计划做某事
★结构:
主语+be动词+goingto+动词原型
Iamgoingtomakeabookcase.
Theyaregoingtopaintit.
Thefatherisgoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter.
Areyougoingtomakeabookcase?
Aretheygoingtopaintit?
Isthefathergoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter?
Iamnotgoingtomakeabookcase.
Thefatherisnotgoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter.
Yes,Iam.No,Iamnot.
★特殊疑问句
Whatareyougoingtodo?
Whataretheygoingtodo?
Whatisthefathergoingtodo?
2)Therebe句型
表示哪里有什么东西(某处有某物)
Thereis+单数名词+表示场所的词(一般为介词词组)
Thereisabookinthisroom.
Thereisapenonthetable
Thereare+复数名词+表示场所的词(一般为介词词组)
Therearetwopensonthetable.
Therearethreeschoolsthere.
Isthereabookinthisroom?
Aretheretwopensonthetable?
★变否定句在动词后面加not
Thereisnotabookinthisroom.
Therearenottwopensonthetable.
Yes,thereis.No,thereisnot.
Yes,thereare.No,therearenot.
新概念英语第一册语法总结(九)
9问句:
一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,选择疑问句,反意疑问句,选择疑问句,否定疑问句
1)一般疑问句:
助动词/be动词+主语
Areyouateacher?
Doyouwanttohaveacupoftea?
2)特殊疑问句:
特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
Whatisyourname?
3)选择疑问句:
or
Doyouwantbeeforlamb?
4)反意疑问句:
肯定陈述句+否定疑问部份,否定陈述部份+肯定疑问部份
Youdon’tneedthatpen,doyou?
5)否定疑问句:
一般疑问句+否定词
Aren’tyoulucky?
Don’tyouwanthavearest?
新概念英语第一册语法总结(十)
限定词:
some,any,many,much
·
some,any修饰可数名词或不可数名词,some用于肯定句,any用于否定句和疑问句,注意,当期待对方的答案为肯定回答时用some
many修饰可数名词,much修饰不可数名词,在口语中表示很多一般不用many,much,而用alotof,在否定句中表示很多用many,much.
Ihavealotofmoney.Idon’thavemuchmoney.
新概念英语第一册语法总结(十一)
11名词:
种类,复数,名词所有格
名词分为可数名词和不可数名词
1)不可数名词
无法分开的东西:
water,tea,bread,milk,rice(米)
抽象的东西:
love,beauty,coldness(酷寒)
不可数名词有以下特点:
不能用a,an修饰
不能加s
和单数be动词或动词搭配
2)可数名词:
单数可数名词要用冠词修饰,复数可数名词要在名词后面加s,名词复数共有以下几种转变:
规则转变的名词复数形式
规则1一般情形+s.shell→shellsbook→books
规则2以s,x,ch,sh结尾+es.fox→foxes
church→churches,bus→buses,watch→watches
规则3以o结尾+s或+es.potato→potatoes,Negro→Negroes,hero→heroes,tomato→tomatoes,(口诀:
黑人英雄爱吃马铃薯和西红柿),剩下一般加s,radio→radios
规则4以f,fe结尾的,变f,fe为ves.life→lives
half→halves,shelf→shelves,city→cities,wife→wives
规则5以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i+es.sky→skies
fly→flies
3)不规则转变的名词复数形式
man(men)
woman(women)
foot(feet)goose(geese)tooth(teeth)0
child(children)
sheep(sheep)
deer(deer)
mouse(mice)
fish(fish)
新概念英语第一册语法总结(十二)
12副词:
用法及形容词变副词的转变
副词能够修饰形容词,动词,副词或整个句子。
如:
Thebookisverygood.
Herunsfast.
Shecameherequiteearly.
CertainlyIwillgowithyou.
副词转变形式:
直接在形容词后加-ly,
careful-carefully,slow-slowly,
以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词,把y变I,加-ly,
happy-happily,lucky-luckily
有些词形容词和副词的形式相同,不需要做任何转变
fast,hard,late
有些词加上-ly后意思与原词相差很远:
neary-nearly,high-highly,late-lately
新概念英语第一册语法总结(十三)
13情态动词的利用:
can,must,may,might,need,
1)情态动词can(能够),must(必需),may(能够)
主语+can/must/may+动词原型
Hecanmakethetea.
Sallycanairtheroom.
WecanspeakEnglish.
★变疑问句将情态动词移到句首
Canhemakethetea?
CanSallyairtheroom?
CanwespeakEnglish?
★变否定句在情态动词后面加not
Hecannotmakethetea.
Sallycannotairthe