专题04阅读理解之议论文 五年高考英语真题分项详解全国通用解析版.docx

专题04阅读理解之议论文 五年高考英语真题分项详解全国通用解析版.docx

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专题04阅读理解之议论文五年高考英语真题分项详解全国通用解析版

专题04阅读理解之议论文

【2021年】

1.（2021年全国甲卷）D

Whoisagenius?

Thisquestionhasgreatlyinterestedhumankindforcenturies.

Let'sstateclearly:

Einsteinwasagenius.Hisfaceisalmosttheinternationalsymbolforgenius.Butwewanttogobeyondonemanandexplorethenatureofgeniusitself.Whyisitthatsomepeoplearesomuchmoreintelligentorcreativethantherestofus?

Andwhoarethey?

Inthesciencesandarts,thosepraisedasgeniusesweremostoftenwhitemen,ofEuropeanorigin.Perhapsthisisnotasurprise.It'ssaidthathistoryiswrittenbythevictors,andthosevictorssetthestandardsforadmissiontothegeniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub—women,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief—theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.

AstudyrecentlypublishedbySciencefoundthatasyoungasagesix,girlsarelesslikelythanboystosaythatmembersoftheirgender（性别）are“really,reallysmart.”Evenworse,thestudyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbelief:

Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobeforchildrenwhoare“really,reallysmart.”Canourplanetaffordtohaveanygreatthinkersbecomediscouragedandgiveup?

Itdoesn'ttakeageniustoknowtheanswer:

absolutelynot.

Here'sthegoodnews.Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we'reallpositionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.Andthemorewelook,themorewewillseethatsocialfactors（因素）likegender,race,andclassdonotdeterminetheappearanceofgenius.Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromthosewith“intelligence,creativity,perseverance（毅力）,andsimplegoodfortune,whoareabletochangetheworld.”

12.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofvictors'standardsforjoiningthegeniusclub?

A.They'reunfair.B.They'reconservative.

C.They'reobjective.D.They'restrict.

13.WhatcanweinferaboutgirlsfromthestudyinScience?

A.Theythinkthemselvessmart.

B.Theylookuptogreatthinkers.

C.Theyseegenderdifferencesearlierthanboys.

D.Theyarelikelytobeinfluencedbysocialbeliefs

14.Whyaremoregeniusesknowntothepublic?

A.Improvedglobalcommunication.

B.Lessdiscriminationagainstwomen.

C.Acceptanceofvictors'concepts.

D.Changesinpeople'ssocialpositions.

15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.GeniusesThinkAlikeB.GeniusTakesManyForms

C.GeniusandIntelligenceD.GeniusandLuck

【答案】12.A13.D14.A15.B

【解析】

【分析】这是一篇议论文。

文章由问题“谁是天才？

”引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实上“天才”有很多种形式，不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力。

【12题】推理判断题。

根据第三段的“Itissaidthathistoryiswrittenbyvictors,andthosevictorssetthestandardsforadmissiontothegeniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub-women,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief-theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.（据说历史是由胜利者书写的，而那些胜利者为进入天才俱乐部设定了标准。

当俱乐部以外的天才——女性或不同肤色或信仰的人——做出贡献时，他们不会被承认并且被其他人拒绝）”可推知，作者认为那些“胜利者”对进入“天才俱乐部”设置的标准是不公平的，因为女性或者不同肤色或信仰的人做出的成就是得不到承认的。

故选A。

【13题】推理判断题。

根据第四段的“Evenworse,thestudyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbelief.Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobeforchildrenwhoare“really,reallysmart.”（更糟糕的是，研究发现女孩们是按照这个信念行事的。

六岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是“非常非常聪明”的孩子参加的活动）”可推知，女孩容易受到社会信仰的影响，认为自己在六岁左右就不适合做“聪明孩子”做的事情。

故选D。

【14题】细节理解题。

根据最后一段的“Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we’reallpositionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.（在一个全球通讯不断的有线世界里，我们随时随地都能看到天才的闪现）”可知，进步的全球通讯让更多的天才被公众所知道。

故选A。

【15题】主旨大意题。

根据文章的主要内容，结合文章第一段提出问题“Whoisagenius?

（谁是天才）”和最后一段的“Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromthosewith“intelligence,creativity,perseverance,andsimplegeniuses,whoareabletochangetheworld.”（正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些具有“智慧、创造力、毅力和那些能够改变世界的简单天才。

”）”可知，天才不一定是那些有巨大贡献的人，他们也可以是某一方面比较突出的普通人。

由此可知B项“天才有多种形式”可以作为本文最佳标题。

故选B。

2.（2021年天津卷）Aboutfiveweeksago,Inoticedtheskinofourpetlizardwasgrowingdusty.Itworriedme.Ireportedthestrangesurfaceontheskinofthelizardtomyhusbandandchildrenthenextmorning.Secondslater,ourlizardemergedfromitstankwithitsoldskinflowingbehindit.

Ididn'tthinkaboutitmuchuntilamorninglastweekwhenIknockedmyfavoriteteapotoffthetable.Itburstintohundredsofpieces.AsIsweptupthemess,Iwonderedwhywehadbeenbreakingsomanythingsoverthemonths.

Thedestructionstartedthreemonthsago.Itwasmyhusband'sbirthday.Hehadjustlosthisjob.Theuncertaintywasstartingtowearonus,soIwantedtodosomethingspecial.

“Let'smakeacakeforDad!

”Icried.

Mykidsscreamedwithjoy.Webaked,icedandsprinkledformostoftheday.Candlesonthecake!

Balloonsonthewalls!

Flowersonthetable!

Twohoursbeforemyhusbandcamebackhomefromanotherjobinterview,mydaughterclimbeduptograbaglassvasefromahighshelf.Itfellandcrashedbesidethecake.Tinypiecesofglasswereeverywhere.Shesobbedloudlya