湖南省炎德英才杯学年高一英语下学期基础学科知识竞赛试题Word文件下载.docx
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Forstudentswhodowellacademicallyorartistically,thereareorganizationsliketheNationalHonorSociety,NationalScienceHonorSocietyandNationalArtHonorSocietythatrewardstudentswhoseachievementsaresuperior.Studentswhodesiretobeapartofhighschoolhonorsocietiesarerequiredtohavegradepointaveragesofatleast3.0,ona4.0scale,andmayhavetogetnominated（提名）byteachersorrequestrecommendationletters.Whiletheseorganizationsfocusonscholarship,theyalsoteachmembersleadershipskillsandencouragecommunityservice.
SportsandAthleticsClubs
Whetherformallyjoiningasportsteamorsimplyparticipatinginschoolactivities,highschoolsofferstudentsawiderangeofsportsandathleticsclubs.Helpingstudentsstayactiveandhealthy,theseclubsteachstudentstheimportanceofteamwork,patienceandpractice.
CommunityServiceOrganizations
OrganizationsliketheKeyClubInternationalandHabitatforHumanityhelpstudentsgivebacktotheircommunitiesbyparticipatinginstructuredservicelearningactivities.Fromcleaningalocalparktodistributing（分配）Thanksgivingbasketstothehomeless,theseorganizationsteachchildrentheimportanceofreachingoutahelpinghandtothoseinneed.
CareerDevelopmentClubs
Determiningtherightcareerpathcomesfromexploringdifferentoptionstolearnwhateachcareerrequiresandhowitfitsyourinterests.Highschoolsdevelopclubsandorganizationsdedicatedtostudentswhowanttoownbusinesses,becometeachers,doctors,lawyersandactors,amongmanyothercareers.Studentsparticipatingintheseclubsareactiveinthecommunityandoftencompeteagainststudentsonlocal,regionalandsometimesnationallevels.ClubslikeDECA（anassociationofmarketingstudents）andFBLA（FutureBusinessLeadersofAmerica）havestudentscompeteagainstoneanothertotesttheirbusinessskills.Othercareer-orientedclubsincludeorganizationsforfutureteachers,debateandphotographyenthusiasts.
1.Whichofthefollowinghasarequirementforstudentachievements?
A.CareerDevelopmentClubs.B.HonorSocieties.
C.CommunityServiceOrganizations.D.SportsandAthleticsClubs.
2.WhatdoSportsandAthleticsClubsandCommunityServiceOrganizationshaveincommon?
A.Theybothneedstudentstoworktogether.
B.Theybothteachstudentspracticalskills.
C.Theybothprovidemoraleducationforstudents.
D.Theybothbuildstudents'
confidence.
3.WhatisthepurposeofCareerDevelopmentClubs?
A.Tohelpstudentswithcareerplanning.B.Totrainpeopleforallwalksoflife.
C.Toleadstudentstofindtheirhobbies.D.Toimprovestudents'
awarenessofcompetition.
B
"
Natureneverstopsbeingamazing,"
saysRosemaryMosco,masterofhumorousnatureart.Hernewbook,BirdingIsMyFavoriteVideoGame,combinesfascinatingfactswithcharmingpictures,andit'
sguaranteedtomakeyoulaugh.Infact,thelearningandlaughingarebothequallyimportanttoRosemary.
There'
ssomuchtoloveaboutbirds,"
notesRosemary."
Iadmirethatthey'
rereal-life,moderndinosaurs!
Asanartist,I'
mcaptivatedbytheircolorvariations.Onceyougetintobirds,theinterestsnowballs.Youcanfindthemalmosteverywhere.Youstarttonoticesubtlebehaviorsandwingpatterns.You'
reneverboredagain.Teachingakidtowatchbirdsisahugegift."
BirdsmakeregularappearancesinRosemary'
snatureartcomics（连环漫画）.Shecreatedcharts（图表）explainingthesongsandcallsofcommoneasternandwesternbirds.Oneofhermostpopularpiecesisaflowcharthelpingyoutodecidewhetherornottohelpababybirdfallenfromanest.Andherownpersonalfavoritecartoonisabouttinyowls,meanttobebothmotivationalandmildlydisturbing.Rosemaryexplains:
"
Onereaderaskedmeifwehadanyevidencethattheseowlscankillandeatamoose（驼鹿）.Myresponsewas,notyet…"
Rosemarylovesotheranimals,andisespeciallyproudofapostershedrewshowingeverysnakeintheUSandCanada.Shealsohasarealsoftspotforbutterflies."
Theirbehaviorscanbesurprisinglycomplex,"
shepointsout."
Theydefendhabitatswithdogfights.Theyhavecomplexrelationshipswithpoisonousplants.Someofthemcatwasteanddrinktears.Oh,andithelpsthattheyposenicelyforphotos."
Mostlyself-taught,Rosemaryhastakenafewartcourses,evenstudyingvideogameartforabit.Duringhercareer,she'
screatedmanyeducationalcharts,andhasbeenworkingonsomechildren'
ssciencebooks.Shealsohasanupcomingcomicsnovelaboutthesolarsystem.
I'
mexcitedtosharemorestoriesaboutthenaturalworld."
Rosemarysaysaboutthefutureofhernatureartcomics."
Humorgivessciencewings!
4.WhatisthemainfeatureofRosemary'
scomics?
A.Anovelofecologyandcartoons.
B.Acombinationofnatureartandscience.
C.Amixtureofentertainmentandeducation.
D.Abookofinterestingfactsandbehaviorcharts.
5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"
captivated"
meaninParagraph2?
A.Puzzled.B.Attracted.C.Shocked.D.Encouraged.
6.ThepurposeofwritingParagraph4isto.
A.sharethecontentofRosemary'
scomics
B.explainthepopularityofRosemary'
sart
C.provethehardshipofRosemary'
screation
D.disclosethesourceofRosemary'
sinspiration
7.WhatisRosemarymostlikelytodonext?
A.Takesomeartcourses.B.Writeanewbirdingbook.
C.Drawthesunhumorously.D.Observemoose'
sbehavior.
C
Signlanguage,theprimaryformofcommunicationofthedeafcommunity,hasbeeninuseforhundredsofyears.You'
reprobablymostfamiliarwithAmericanSignLanguage,butsignlanguageisusedallovertheworldandhasnearly150variations.Signlanguageinterpreterscanbeseeneverywherefromclassroomsandgraduationceremoniestomajorsportingevents.
Whenyouthinkofsignlanguage,youmostlikelyimaginesignersusingtheirhandstoformwordsandletters.However,handsarconlyoneofthemanydifferentbodylanguagetechniquesthatsignersusetogettheirmeaningacross.Infact,muchofthegrammaticalstructureofsignlanguageisnotindicatedbythesigner'
shands.
Whilethehandsareresponsibleforformingthewordsthemselves,markerscalled"
non-manualelements"
controlmuchofthelanguages'
grammaticalstructure.Non-manualelements（ormarkers）arcbodylanguagetechniquesthatdon'
tusethehands.Theseincludeheadmovements,bodypositioningandfacialexpressions.Usedtogetherwiththesigns.theseelementsgivesignlanguageasubtle（微妙的）andextremelycomplicatedgrammaticalstructure.LinguistAndreaLacknerfromAlpcn-AdriaUniversityinAustriadidastudythatshowsjusthowimportantthesenon-manualelementsarctosignlanguageusers.
Thestudyassessedjusthowmanydifferentthingsnon-manualelementscando.Forthisstudy,allparticipantsweredeafusersofAustrianSignLanguage.Theywatchedavideoofsomeoneusingsignlanguage,andtheyhadtodescribethepurposeofeachnon-manualelement.Theresultswereverycomplicated.Forinstance,thingsassubtleasthedirectionofthesigner'
sgazecanindicatewhetherornotastatementishypothetical（假设的）.Asingleheadmovementcanindicatetheemotionofastatement,aconditionalorifsituation,orasigner'
sfeelingstowardahypotheticalquestion.Bodylanguageisalwaysimportant,butinsignlanguage,itcanchangetheentiremeaningofasentence!
8.Whatdosignersusetheirhandstodomostly?
A.Toknowpeople'
swordsandletters.B.Tounderstandpeople'
smeanings.
C.Toformthegrammaticalstructure.D.Toformwordsandletters.
9.Whatdonon-manualelementsinclude?
A.Words,signlanguageandbodylanguage.
B.Headmovements,bodylanguageandsigns.
C.Headmovements,bodypositioningandfacialexpressions.
D.Bodypositioning,facialexpressionsandsigns.
10.Whatdoesthestudyshowaboutsignlanguage?
A.Themainfunctionofthenon-manualelements.
B.Theimportanceofthenon-manualelements.
C.Theinfluenceofbodylanguageonsignlanguage.
D.Theinfluenceofsignlanguageonbodylanguage.
11.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?
A.Non-manualElementsCountsinSignLanguageB.WaystoAvoidBeingMisunderstood
C.GrammaticalElementsinSignLanguageD.TheImportanceofSignLanguage
D
Nobelprize-winners,legendary（传奇的）authors,andfamousscientists-youmightthinkallthesepeoplewereborntobecreative.However,that'
snotalwaysthecase.
Whilewell-knownfigureslikePabloPicassoandAlbertEinsteindidtheirmostsignificantworkintheiryouth,famousAmericanpoetRobertFrostandEnglish-bornnaturalscientistCharlesDarwinwereknownas"
latebloomers"
-peoplewhosetalentswerenotnoticeableuntillaterinlife.
Thisideaof"
peaking"
atdifferenttimesinspirednewresearchfromtheUnitedStates."
Manypeoplebelievethatcreativityisexclusively（独有地）associatedwithyouth,butitreallydependsonwhatkindofcreativityyou'
retalkingabout,"
saidBruceWeinberg,aprofessorofeconomicsattheUniversityofChicagoandco-authorofthestudy.
Accordingtothestudy,publishedearlierthismonthinthejournalDeEconomist,therearetwotypesofpeople:
conceptual（概念的）andexperimentalthinkers.
Toreachthisconclusion,researcherstookthe31previouswinnersoftheNobelPrizeineconomicsandarrangedthemaccordingtowhentheydidtheirmostsignificantwork,toidentifytheircrea
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