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D.Canadahasacomparativeadvantageinsteelproduction.
绝对优势:
数量比较优势:
机会成本
__B__3.Supposeyouareconsideringgoingtothemovies,andyouplacea$12valueonyouranticipatedenjoymentofthemovie.Theticketpriceis$6andyouwouldbegivinguptwohoursofwork,whereyouearn$5perhour.Youwouldgoto
A.work;
theopportunitycostofthemoviesexceedstheexpectedbenefit.
B.themovies;
yourincentiveisthe$6excessexpectedbenefit.
C.themovies;
yourenjoymentwillexceedthelostwagesby$2.
D.themovies;
thebenefitof$18exceedsthelostwages.
__D__4.Theamountofagoodorservicethatbuyerswouldbewillingandabletopurchaseataspecificpriceisknownas
A.quantitydemanded.
B.demand.
C.supply.
D.quantitysupplied.
__C__5.Whichofthefollowingarethebestexamplesofsubstitutegoods?
a.personalcomputersandcomputersoftwareprograms
b.milkandcookies
c.IBMandGatewaypersonalcomputers
d.hotdogsandmustard
__B__6.IfthedeclineofGoodA’spriceleadsthedemandcurveofGoodBmovingtotheright,
A.GoodAandGoodBaresubstitutes.
B.GoodAandGoodBarecomplements.
C.GoodAisaninferiorgood,GoodBisaluxurygood.
D.GoodAisaluxurygood,GoodBisaninferiorgood.
____7.Ifpriceelasticityofdemandis2.0,thisimpliesthatconsumerswould
A.buytwiceasmuchofthegoodifpricefallsby10percent.
B.requirea2percentcutinpricetoraisequantitydemandedofthegoodby1percent.
C.buy2percentmoreofthegoodinresponsetoa1percentcutinprice.
D.requireatleasta$2increaseinpricebeforeshowinganyresponsetothepriceincrease.
____8.IfWeiskampT-ShirtCo.lowersitspricefrom$6to$5andfindsthatstudentsincrease
theirquantitydemandedfrom400to600T-shirts,thenthedemandforWeiskampT-shirtswithin
thispricerangeis
A.priceinelastic.
B.priceelastic.
C.unitelastic.
D.crosselastic.
____9.A5percentincreaseinthepriceofsugarreducessugarconsumptionbyabout10percent.
Theincreasecauseshouseholdsto
A.spendmoreonsugar.
B.spendlessonsugar.
C.spendthesameamountonsugar.
D.consumemoregoodslikecoffeeandteathatarecomplementsofsugar.
____10.Inwhichofthemarketslistedbelowwouldyouexpecttheleastelasticresponsefrom
suppliers?
A.fastfood
B.softdrink
C.roadbuilding
D.Picassopaintings
____11.IfthepriceofGoodAdecreasesfrom$10to$9anditsquantitydemandedincreases100,
itspriceelasticityofdemandis
A.inelastic.
B.elastic.
C.unit-elastic.
D.unclear.
___12.Iftheequilibriumpriceofbreadis$2andthegovernmentimposesa$1.50priceceiling
onthepriceofbread,
A.morebreadwillbeproducedtomeettheincreaseddemand.
B.therewillbeashortageofbread.
C.thedemandforbreadwilldecreasebecausesupplierswillreducetheirsupply.
D.asurplusofbreadwillemerge.
____13.Rentcontrolstypicallyendup
A.increasingrentsreceivedbylandlords.
B.raisingpropertyvalues.
C.encouraginglandlordstooverspendformaintenance.
D.discouragingnewhousingconstruction.3
____14.Assumethatthegovernmentsetsaceilingontheinterestratethatbankschargeonloans.
Iftheceilingissetbelowthemarketequilibriuminterestrate,theresultwillbe
A.asurplusofcredit.
B.ashortageofcredit.
C.greaterprofitsforbanksissuingcredit.
D.aperfectlyinelasticsupplyofcreditinthemarketplace.
____15.WhichofthefollowingbestexplainsthesourceofconsumersurplusforgoodA?
A.ManyconsumerswouldbewillingtopaymorethanthemarketpriceforgoodA.
B.ManyconsumerspaypricesthataregreaterthantheequilibriumpriceofgoodA.
C.ManyconsumersthinkthemarketpriceofgoodAisgreaterthanitscost.
D.ManyconsumersthinkthepriceelasticityofdemandforgoodAisunitelastic.
____16.Ifyouhadbeenwillingtopay$2.19forthegallonofmilkpurchasedatthesupermarket
butwererequiredtopayonly$1.89,youhavegained
A.arefundof$.30fromtheclerk.
B.aconsumersurplusamountingto$.30.
C.excessmarginalbenefitof$2.19.
D.producersurplusof$.30.
____17.Ifdemandincreaseswhensupplyisperfectlyelastic,then
A.consumersurpluswillremainthesame.
B.consumersurpluswillincrease.
C.itisnotpossibletopredictthechangeinconsumersurplus.
D.consumersurpluswilldecreasewiththeincreaseinprice.
____18.Producersurplustendstobelargewhen
A.supplyiselastic.
B.demandiselastic.
C.supplyisinelastic.
D.demandisinelastic.
____19.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofapositiveexternality?
A.airpollution
B.apersonwholittersinapublicpark
C.aconsumerwhosedreamcomestruewhenshebuysanewconvertible
D.anicegardeninfrontofyourneighbor'
shouse
____20.Deadweightloss
A.meansthatthereisalosstosomeindividualswithoutacorrespondinggaintoothers.
B.isnotreallyalosstosocietybecausewhatoneindividuallosesanotherindividualgains.
C.canbeeliminatedbysalestaxes.
D.canoccurevenifoutputisattheefficientlevel.4
____21.Theslopeofanindifferencecurveis
A.marginalrateofsubstitution.
B.marginalrateoftechnicalsubstitution.
C.marginalrateoftransformation.
D.marginalutility.
____22.Whentotaloutputincreasesfrom100to101andtotalcostsincreaseform300to315,
marginalcostis
A.30.
B.330.
C.300.
D.15.
____23.AsAl'
sRadiatorCo.continuestoaddworkers,whilekeepingthesameamountof
machinery,someworkersmaybeunderutilizedbecausetheyhavelittleworktodowhilewaiting
inlinetousethemachinery.Whenthisoccurs,Al'
sRadiatorCo.encounters
A.economiesofscale.
B.diseconomiesofscale.
C.increasingmarginalreturns.
D.diminishingmarginalreturns.
____24.IfthepriceratioofcommoditiesXandYis1.25andtheirratioofmarginalutilityis2,in
ordertomaximizeutilitytheconsumershould
A.buymoreXandbuylessY.
B.buymoreYandbuylessX.
C.buymoreXandYatthesametime.
D.buylessXandYatthesametime.
____25.Whichofthefollowingisthebestexampleofavariablecost?
A.monthlypaymentsforhiredlabor
B.propertytaxpayments
C.monthlyrentpaymentsforawarehouse
D.pensionpaymentstoretiredworkers
____26.Theminimumpointsoftheaveragevariablecostandaveragetotalcostcurvesoccur
where
A.themarginalcostcurveliesbelowtheaveragevariablecostandaveragetotalcostcurves.
B.themarginalcostcurveintersectsthosecurves.
C.wagesarethelowest.
D.theslopeoftotalcostisthesmallest.
____27.Whenthemarginalproductoflaborfalls,themarginalcostofoutput
A.falls,thenrises.
B.becomesnegative.
C.rises.
D.remainsconstant.
5
____28.WhichofthefollowingfactorsismostlikelytoshiftIBM'
stotalcostandmarginalcost
curvesdownward?
A.atechnologicaladvanceresultinginincreasedproductivity
B.higherpropertytaxeschargedbythemunicipalgovernment
C.increasedwagestoattractadditionalcomputeroperators
D.areductioninsubsidiesfromthestategovernment
____29.Whentotalproductiondecreases,
A.APLiszero.
B.APLisnegative.
C.APLiszero.
D.APLisnegative.
____30.Sincethe1980s,Wal-MartstoreshaveappearedinalmosteverycommunityinAmerica.Wal-Martbuystheirgoodsinlargequantitiesandthereforeatcheaperprices.Wal-Martalsolocatesitsstoreswherelandpricesarelow,usuallyoutsideofthecommunitybusinessdistrict.ManycustomersshopatWal-Martbecauseoflowpricesandfreeparking.Localretailers,liketheneighborhooddrugstore,oftengooutofbusinessbecausetheylosecustomers.Thisstorydemonstratesthat
A.consumersareboycottinglocalretailerswhosepricesarerelativelyhigher.
B.therearediseconomiesofscaleinretailsales.
C.thereareeconomiesofscaleinretailsales.
D.therearediminishingreturnstoproducingandsellingretailgoods.
____31.Whichofthefollowingsismostlyunlikelytobeamonopolist?
A.theonlydoctorinasmalltown.
B.theCoca-Colacompany.
C.theelectricitycompanyinaregion.
D.thetap-watercompanyinaregion.
____32.Ifafirmcanproducethesamelevelofoutputwhenitusesmoreoneunitoflaborwhile
usinglesstwounitsofcapital,MRTSLKis
A.0.5.
B.2.
C.1.
D.4.
____33.WhichofthefollowingsiscorrectwhenACisatthelowestpoint?
A.AVC=FC.
B.MC=AC.
C.P=AVC.
D.P=MC.
____34.Asavinggraceofmonopolycomparedwithcompetitionisthat
A.monopolistshavemoreincentivestoreducetheirproductioncosts.
B.theoutputrestrictedbyamonopolistisagoodwaytoreducepollutioninapollutedindustry.
C.keepingmonopolyisbettertotechn