福建省龙岩市学年高三上学期期末英语试题Word文档下载推荐.docx

福建省龙岩市学年高三上学期期末英语试题Word文档下载推荐.docx

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第I卷（选择题）

评卷人

一、阅读理解

ExtinctionIFearandHopeattheLaBreaTarPits

November10,2016

Speciesextinctionshappenroutinely.Andevolutioncan’tgoaheadwithoutthem.CharlesDarwinwasthefirsttograspthatmoreadaptedspeciesappearasless-adaptedspeciesdieout.Butmassextinctions,whichhappenonlyrarelyandwipeoutlargenumbersofspeciesregardlessofhowadaptedtheyare,poseadifferentkindofchallenge.Today,scientistshaverungthealarmthatasixthmassextinctiononplanetEarthmaybeunderway—thisonecausedbynoneotherthanus!

Whatbetterplacetothinkabouttheroleofextinctioninthepast,present,andfuturethantheLaBreaTarPits?

Howdothestorieswetellaboutextinctanimalsandplants,andthemuseumexhibitions,imagesandfilmsweusetorememberthem,shapescience,laws,andpoliciestoprotectendangeredspecies?

Joinusforalivelyconversationlookingatendangeredplantsandanimals,extinction,andtheglobalconsequencesofmassextinctionandcomeawayinspiredwithnewideasandhopesforthefuture.

Thediscussionwillinclude:

●StewartBrand,environmentalauthor,co-founderandpresidentofTheLongNowFoundation

●Dr.EmilyLindsey,AssistantCurator（hK）andExcavationSiteDirectoroftheLaBreaTarPitsandMuseum

●JonChristensen,environmentaljournalist,sciencewriterandhistorianwithUCLA（UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles）,co-founderoftheLaboratoryofEnvironmentalNarrativeStrategies（LENS）

●UrsulaHeise,UCLAProfessorofEnglish,LENSco-founderandauthorofthenewbookImaginingExtinction:

TheCulruralMeaningsofEndangeredSpecies

Schedule:

6:

00pm:

Doorsopen,toursavailable

7:

Discussionbegins

8:

30pm:

Discussionconcludes

9:

Doorsclose

Cost:

Free

Advancedreservationrequired.

1．Whatistheprogrammainlyabout?

A.Extinctionsofspecies.B.Massextinctionsinhistory

C.Someenvironmentalbooks.D.CharlesDanwin’sachievements.

2．Howlongwouldthediscussionpartlast?

A.1.0hour.B.1.5hour.

C.2.5hours.D.3.0hours.

3．Whatdoweknowabouttheprogram?

A.Abookingisneeded.

B.Itaimstowarnpeople

C.Itisheldmainlyforteens.

D.Itcostsonlyalittlemoney.

TimMa’sparentswenttotheUnitedStatesfromTaiwaninthe1970sandopenedarestaurant,whichwasnotasuccess.TheyhopedMawouldbecomeanengineerordoctoroutoffinancialsecurity.

MagrewupinthestateofArkansas,achallengingplacetoliveinforhim.Hesaid,“TherewassomeracismandIcameupthroughaverynon-equalenvironment.”

Madidwellinmathandscienceinhighschoolandendedupchoosingtostudyelectricalengineeringincollege.

Severalengineeringjobslater,Mahadachangeofheart.Hewantedtoleavetheengineeringworldbehindandentertherestaurantbusiness.

Hisparentscouldnotunderstandwhyheleftsuchagoodjobtoopenarestaurant,whichtheyhadworkedlonghoursforbutstillfailed.

ButMaremainedcertain.Hewasgoingtodothingsdifferentlyfromhisparents.Hewasabletolearnfromtheirmajormistakeasrestaurantowners—theyknewverylittleabouttheartofcooking.

So,atage30,Maleftengineeringandreturnedtoschooltostudycooking.HeattendedtheInternationalCulinary（烹调）CenterinNewYorkandreceivedtraininginFrenchcooking.Masoondiscovereditwassimilartoengineeringandlikedit.Hesaid,“Professionalcookisconsistency,efficiency,cleanliness.Everythinghasatheory.”

In2009,MaopenedhisfirstrestaurantinVirginiacalledMapleAvenueandservedAmericancuisine.Hecooked,cleanedtheovens（灶,烤箱）,fixedequipmentandpaidbillsforsevendaysaweek.

Hislonghoursofworkpaidoff.LastyearheopenedhisfourthrestaurantKyirisaninWashington,D．C．Masays,“Mysuccessjustcomesfrom‘sheerhardwork’.”

“Ithinkinthiscountryyoucancreateyourownsuccessjustbyworkinghard.Notbecauseyou’resmarter,notbecauseyou’remorecreativethananybody,justbyworkinghard.”

4．WhydidTimMa’sparentsexpecthimtobeanengineerordoctor?

A.Beinganengineerordoctorwasthebestchoice.

B.Malikedthejobsofengineering.

C.Thejobsprovidedenoughforaliving.

D.Mastudiedwellinmathandscience.

5．WhatcanwelearnaboutTimMa?

A.Helearnedtocookfromhisparents.B.Heopenedarestaurantupongraduation.

C.Heowedhissuccesstohiscreativity.D.Heprovedpromisinginhisrestaurant.

6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sheer”inParagraph6probablymean?

A.Careful.B.Pure.

C.ExtremeD.Slight.

7．Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?

A.Engineeringpromisesachievements.B.Creationmattersmuchinbusiness.

C.Americansfacechallengeofequality.D.Successcomesfromhardwork.

ThePacificnationofPalauwillsoonbanmanytypesofsunscreeninanefforttoprotectitscoralreefs.

PresidentTommyRemengesauJr,signedlegislation（法令）recentlythatbans“reeftoxic”（对珊瑚有毒）sunscreenbeginningin2020.Thelawdefinesreeftoxicsunscreenascontaininganyoneof10chemicals,includingoxybenzone.Otherchemicalsmayalsobebanned.

Officialswilltakebannedsunscreensfromvisitorswhocarrythemintothecountry,Businessesthatsellthebannedproductswillbefinedupto$1,000.

Inastatement,Remengesausaidthatthepunishmentsfindtherightbalancebetween“educatingtouristsandscaringthemaway.”

Thelawalsorequirestouroperatorstostartprovidingcustomerswithreusablecups,drinkingstrawsandfoodcontainers.

Thepresidentsaidthelegislationwasintroducedbasedoninformationfroma2017report.ThereportfoundthatsunscreenproductswerewidespreadinPalau’sfamousJellyfishLake.Thelakewasclosedformorethanayearbecauseofadecreaseinjellyfishnumbers.Itwasrecentlyreopened.

Thepresidentalsonotedthatplasticwaste,chemicalpollution,andclimatechangeallthreatenthecountry’senvironmentalhealth.

Scientistshavefoundthatsomechemicalsinsunscreencanbetoxictocoralreefs.Thereelsareanimportantpartoftheoceanenvironmentandpopularwithtourists,Butsomecriticssaytherearenotenoughindependentscientificstudiesontheissue.Othersworrythatpeoplewillsufferfromtoomuchsuncontactiftheystopusingtheproducts.

Somemanufacturershavealreadystartedselling“reef-friendly”sunscreen.

PalauislocatedeastofthePhilippinesandnorthofIndonesia.Thenationishometo21,000people.Itseconomydependsontourismandfishing.

8．WhatcanwelearnaboutPalau’snewlegislation?

A.Itcontributestothebalanceofnature.

B.Itbenefitsthehealthofthetourists.

C.Itallowsforenvironmentalprotection.

D.Itisbasedonascientificresearch.

9．WhatwillhappentovisitorscarryingbannedsunscreensintoPalauafter2020?

A.Theywillbeputintoprison.

B.Theirsunscreenswillbetakenaway.

C.Theywillbefinedupto$1,000

D.Theywillbedrivenoutofthecountry.

10．WhichofthefollowingisTrueaccordingtothetext?

A.Reef-toxicsunscreencontains10chemicals.

B.JellyfishLakewasonceclosedandreopenedin2017.

C.TouriststoPalauhavesufferedmuchfromsuncontact.

D.“Reef-friendly”sunscreenareonsaleinPalau.

11．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.PalauCarriedoutNewLegislation

B.SunscreenProductsAreReef-toxic

C.PalautoBanSunscreentoSaveItsCoralReefs

D.PalautoSell“Reef-friendly”Sunscreen

Microwaveovensprovideaneasywaytoquicklyheatfoodwhenhungerstrikes.Butdoestheconvenienceofmicrowavecookingcomeatthecostoflosingnutrientsoffoods?

Theanswermaysurpriseyou.

Anykindofcookingmethodwillresultinsomenutrientlosses,soourconcernistowhatdegreenutrientsaredamaged,explainedScottA．Rankin,professorandchairoftheDepartmentofFoodScienceattheUniversityofWisconsin-madison.“Typicalmicrowaveheatingresultsinminimumlossesofvaluablenutrientlossesinfoods,”Rankinsaid.

Thefactors（因素）thataffectnutrientlossesinfoodsduringcookingincludetime（thelongerthefoodiscooked,themorenutrientloss）;

temperature（themoreheat,themorelosses）;

andtheamountofliquidthefoodiscookedin（themorewater,themorenutrientloss）.

Microwavecookingsendsoutwavelengthsthatareabsorbedbywatermolecules（分子）infood,whichproduceheatastheyrenosate（共振）withthosewavelengthsinfood,Rankinexplained.Soheatingfoodinamicrowaveoftenrequiresverylittleornoliquidatall.

Additionally,aconventionalovenheatsfoodfromtheoutsidein,sothesurfaceoffoodcanbeexposedtoextraheatbythetimeitreachesitstargettemperature,increasingthepotentialfornutrientloss.Withmicrowavecooking,thetemperatureheatsthefoodthesameeverywhere,sothepointatwhichthefoodhasreachedthedesiredtemperatureisachievedwithlittlenutrientdamage,Rankinsaid.

Steaminginthemicrowaveispreferabletosinkingfoodsinwater,whichcanresultinalossofnutrients.“Youcanuseamicrowavesteamingplatewithwaterinthebottom,orsimplyaddyourvegetablesandasmallamountofwatertoamicroware-safebowlandcoverwithmicrowave-safeplasticwrap,leavingonecomeropentoallowairtoescape,”saidWhitneyLinsenmeyer,aregistereddietitianandspokeswomanfortheAcademyofNutritionandDietetics.

Whetheryouchoosemicrowavingorconventionalcookingmethods,keepyourcookingtemperaturelowwhenpossible.It'

salsobesttousemethodsthatrequireleastaddedliquid,Linsenmeyersaid.

12．Inwhataspectaremicrowaveovensdifferentfromconventionalones?

A.TheirheatingprincipleB.Theirwavelengths.

C.Theirelectricc