一般功能性词汇教学文案Word格式文档下载.docx
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YoutiaooriginatedinChina.
归因于attribute...to,blame..on,betheculpritof
attributeAtoB表示“将A归因于B”；
blameAonB，表示“将A（负
面的）归咎于B”；
culprit本意表示“罪犯”（onechargedwithacrimeoranoffense），
比喻义表示“造成某种负面后果的原因”（thereasonforaparticularproblemor
difficulty）
Childrentodayaregettingincreasinglyoverweight.Expertsbelievethat
excessiveconsumptionisthemainculprit.
使某人做某事promptsbtodosth,motivatesbtodosth
prompt指“令某人做出某种具体行动的原因，强调快速激发”；
motivate
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指“成为某人的做某事的动机”
Manygreatbusinessmenaremotivatednotbutthedesireformoney.
原因cause,reason
cause指“造成某事客观原因”，reason指“用来解释的理由”。
Reason
并不一定就是cause.跟cause有关的几种常用搭配：
真实原因realcause,
根本原因rootcause,underlyingcause
主要原因majorcause,primarycause
可能的原因likelycause,possiblecause
contributorycause
Thereasonhegaveforhispooracademicperformancesisthathehad
recentlywentthroughaemotionalmeltdown.ButIknowthatisnottherealcause.
Unhealthyeatinghabitshavemanyothercontributorycauses.
2.事物数量
几个several,anumberof,acoupleof
several略显非正式；
Anumberof是正式表达。
Acoupleofdays
Acrossthestreetfrommethereareacoupleofpoliceofficersstandingguard
很多个可数alarge（vast）numberof,numerous,ahostof,alegionof,a
flockof,flocktodosth
Ahostof表示“大量的”指”事物“。
Legion本意指“军团”、flock本意表
“羊群”，legion和flock都表示“大量的某一类人”。
Makingpublictransportationfreemightcreateahostofproblems.
3
Flocksofconsumersarebuyingproductsthattheyhavenorealusefor.
很多，大量不可数alargedeal（amount,supply,quantity）of
辨析：
quantity指“可以装在容器中的某物”；
supply指“提供的某物”
alargequantityofdrugs,alargequantityoffoodanddrink,alargesupply
ofoxygen,alargesupplyoffood
很多可数&
不可数plentyof
plentyof可修饰可数和不可数名词
充足的sufficient,adequate
指“数量”、“质量“、”效力”能够满足需求的。
sufficientincome,anadequatesupplyoffood,asufficientsupplyofuseful
information
不充足的insufficient,inadequate
十分充足的ample
指morethanenough，搭配较为局限。
Ampleevidence,ampleopportunity,ampletime
3.重要性
重要的basic,fundamental,essential,vital,integral,indispensable
essential表示“因为是本质，所以必不可少的”；
integral表示“因为
是构成整体的一部分，所以必不可少的”，经常出现在integralpart这样的搭配中；
indispensable表示“必不可少的”。
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PetsareanintegralpartoftheAmericanwayoflife
重要must,necessity,precondition,prerequisite,priority
must做名词，表示“必要的某物”（Somethingindispensable）；
prerequisite表示“先决条件”（Requiredornecessaryasapriorcondition）
Ifyouliveinacity,acarisamust.
Theseriousnessoftrafficjamshighlightsthenecessityofcontrolling
automobilesincities.
Inthemodernsociety,havingacollegediplomaisalmostaprerequisitefor/to
success.
AsufficientTOEFLscoreisalmostaprerequisiteforapplyingforAmerican
collegesoruniversities.
使…成为必要necessitate
ApplyingforAmericancollegesoruniversitiesnecessitatestakingTOEFL.
Havingmusicclassesnecessitatesbuyingmusicalinstruments,whichcanbe
veryexpensive.
紧迫urgent,pressing,imperative
Imperative表示“需要立刻关注或采取行动的”。
（Compellingimmediate
attention）
Thereisanurgentneedforfreshwaterandamplefood.
Pressingneed/matter/problem
Itisimperativetoprotecttheendangeredanimals.
不重要minor,secondary,lowpriority,takethesecondplace
Protectingtheenvironmentisurgent,butitdoesnotmeanthatinvestingin
medicalcaretakesabackseat
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4.事物的大小和程度
较大considerable,significant,considerably,significantly
巨大tremendous（ly）,enormous（ly）
过度excessive,excessively
极度extreme,extremely
在极端情况下Inextremecircumstances,inextremecases
合理适度reasonable,reasonably,moderate,moderately
5.相似性
相同的besimilar（to）,alike,comparable
similar和comparable既可以做表语也可以作定语，alike做定语和状
语。
TheChinesecultureandtheKoreanculturearealike（similar,comparable）in
manyaspects.
Thegirlsareofcomparable（similar）ages.
Lawyersandpoliticiansalike（只能用alike）requireastrongabilitytospeak.
不同的different,distinct
distinct表示“差异一望而知的，截然不同的。
”（Readilydistinguishable
fromallothers）
Travelinginforeigncountriesallowpeopletogetatasteofdistinctcultures.
6
6.方面
aspect,facet
facet本意是宝石的切面，比喻义“多个方面中的一个”（Oneof
numerousaspects,asofasubject.）
TheInternethashadtremendousimpactsoneveryfacetofthemodernlife.
Intermsof在“某方面”
7.变化
增加不及物increase,grow,rise
使…增加及物increase,boost
变少及物decrease,dwindle
使…减少不及物decrease,reduce,cut,trim,slash
越来越increasingly,progressively
8.时间
开始advent
解释：
advent指“某重大事件的开始”（Thecomingorarrival,especiallyof
somethingextremelyimportant）
...theleapforwardincommunicationmadepossiblebytheadventofthemobile
7
phone.
及时up-to-date,keepupwith,catchupwith
Itisimportanttokeepupwithnews.
过时out-of-date,render…obsolete
Theadventofdigitalbookswillrenderpaperbooksobsoleteeventually.
代替taketheplaceof,replace,supplant
短期的temporary,shortterm
长期的lasting,longterm
最终eventually
9.意愿
强制mandatory
选择optional
10.可能性
可能possible,likely,probable,chancesaregoodthat,conceivable,
possibility,likelihood,probability
possible可能性最小,likely和probable最大,chancesaregoodthat相当
于likely或probable
Ifthepublictransportationsystemismadefree,chancesaregoodthatbusor
8
subwaycompanieswillhavedifficultyoperating.
Thereisapossibility（likelihood,probability）相当于itispossiblethat；
thereis
astrongpossibility（likelihood,probability）that相当于probable；
inallprobability
和inalllikelihood表示almostcertain
必定becertainto,besureto,beboundto
beboundto表示“必定会”
Thetuitionsarecertain（sure,bound）toincreaseifteachersarepaidmore.
不可能impossible,unlikely,improbable
可行的practical,viable
Solarpowerisnowaviablealternativetooil-firedwaterheaters.
不可行的impractical
11.利弊分析
好事/坏事blessing,curse
有益bringbenefitsto,benefitfrom
有害causedamage/harmto
改善，提高及物improve,enhance
削弱及物weaken,undermine,takeatollon
提供provide,offer,afford
9
获得gain,acquire
帮助behelpfulto,beinstrumentalin,goalongwaytowards
PracticeisinstrumentalinachievingtopscoresinTOEFL.
培养develop,foster,hone
Fosteraninterest,fosterasenseofcommunity,fosterdemocracyandprosperity
Ittakestimetohonemanagementskills.
促成contributeto,acontributingfactor
Fast-pacedlifeisamajorcontributingfactortounhealthyhabits.
使…；
令…make,enable,allow,makeitpossible
12.优秀的
excellent,outstanding,standoutfrom
13.平庸的
mediocre
14.差的
poor
awful,terrible
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15.安全和危险
保护protect,safeguard
Safeguardinterests,safeguardrights,safeguardwelfare
危害endanger,put..indanger,beatrisk
16.动作
做do,engagein<
fl.>
Accordingtoarecentsurvey,only10percentageofChinesehighschoolstudents
engageinregularphysicalactivitybecauseacademicstaketoomuchoftheirtime.
参与takepartin,participatein
全力做tryone’sbest,goalloutindoing,throwone’sheartandsoulin,
endeavorto<
Thegovernmentshouldendeavortoimprovethehorribleconditionsoftheinner
cityslums.
不做failto,abstainfrom,stayawayfrom
17.证明和举例
证明backup,validate<
Theresearchhasvalidatedthelong-heldbeliefthatsingle-genderclasseshave
positiveimpactsonstudent’sacademicperformances.
11
举例…isacaseinpoint.Take...forexample.
18.比较
comparefavorablywith,besuperiorto,bepreferableto
comparefavorablywith表示“和在…比较中占优”
ChinesestudentscomparefavorablywiththeirAmericanpeersintermsofmath
performance.
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