英国文学史简述文档格式.docx
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Chaucer
杰弗里•乔叟1340（?
）~1400
（首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。
约翰·
德莱顿（John
Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。
代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。
）
father
poetry.
writing
style:
wisdom,
humor,
humanity.
①
Canterbury
Tales>
坎特伯雷故事集：
first
time
use
„heroic
couplet‟（双韵体）
by
middle
②<
Troilus
Criseyde>
特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德
③
House
Fame>
声誉之宫
Ages’
popular
Literary
form:
Romance（传奇故事）
Famous
three：
King
Arthur
Sir
Gawain
Green
Knight
Beowulf
II
Renaissance
Period
A
period
drama
Elizabethan
real
mainstream
Renaissance.
Renaissance:
activity,
spirit,
great
revival
art,
literature,
learning
Europe
beginning
14th
century
extending
17th
century,
marking
transition
from
medieval
modern
world.
Three
historical
events
–
rebirth
revival:
new
discoveries
geography
astrology
religious
reformation
economic
expansion
3.
rediscovery
ancient
Roman
Greek
culture
most
famous
dramatists:
Christopher
Marlowe
William
Shakespeare
历史老照片不能说的秘密慈禧军阀明末清初文革晚清
Ben
Johnson.
Edmund
Spenser埃德蒙•斯宾塞1552~1599
（后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。
poets‟
poet.
be
buried
Poet‟s
corner
Westerminster
Abbey
Faerie
Queene>
仙后（for
Queen
Elizabeth）
theme
not
“Arms
man”,
but
more
romantic
“Fierce
wars
faithfull
loves”.
Spenserian
Stanza
Stanza:
stanza
nine
lines
ababbcbcc.
Eight
iambic
pentameter,
last
line
hexameter.
②
Shepherds
Calendar>
牧人日历
lament
over
loss
Rosalind.
Amoretti>
爱情小唱
Thomas
More托马斯•莫尔1478~1535
One
greatest
humanists
①<
Utopia>
乌托邦
Francis
Bacon弗兰西斯•培根1561~1626
（哲学家、散文家；
在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；
近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。
Philosopher,
scientist,
lay
foundation
science.
essayist.
Writing
brevity,
compactness&
powerfulness,
well-arranging
enriching
Biblical
allusions,
metaphors
philosophy
man‟s
reason.
Advancement
Learning>
学术的推进
Essays>
随笔（famous
quotas:
Of
studies>
）
Studies:
uses
benefits
study
different
ways
adopted
people
pursue
studies.
4.
Jonson
Comedy
Humours>
Volpone,
fox>
狐狸
5.
Christopher
Marlowe柯里斯托弗•马洛1564~1595
“University
Wits”,
pioneer
（完善了无韵体诗。
Blank
verse:
written
unrhymed
pentameter.
Tragical
History
Doctor
Faustus>
浮士德博士的悲剧（根据德国民间故事书写成）
Tamburlaine>
帖木耳大帝
③<
Jew
Malta>
马耳他的犹太人
6.
Shakespeare威廉•莎士比亚1564~1616
Historical
plays:
Henry
VI
IV
:
Richard
III
V
；
II；
VIII
②Four
Comedies:
As
You
Like
It>
皆大欢喜;
Twelfth
Night>
第十二夜;
Midsummer
Night‟S
Dream>
仲夏夜之梦;
Merchant
Venice>
威尼斯商人
③Four
Tragedies:
Hamlet>
哈姆莱特;
Othello>
奥赛罗;
Lear>
李
尔王;
Macbeth>
麦克白
④Shakespeare
Sonnet
154
Sonnets>
quatrain
one
couplet,
ababcdcdefefgg
sonnet
lyric
consisting
14
lines,
usually
pentameter
restricted
definition
rhyme
scheme.
Century
John
Milton约翰•弥尔顿1608~1674
（诗人、政论家;
失明后写
《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》。
①Epics:
Paradise
Lost>
失乐园
Paradise
Regained>
复乐园
②Dramatic
poem:
Samson
Agonistes>
力士参孙
Areopagitica>
论出版自由
Defence
People>
为英国人民声辩
④
On
His
Blindness>
我的失明
This
rhymed
abba
cde
cde,
Italian
sonnet.
Its
talent
God,
they
serve
him
best
sho
can
endure
suffering
best.
Bunyan约翰•班扬1628~1688
（代表作《天路历程》，宗教寓言，被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。
与但丁的《神曲》、奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。
Puritan
poet（清教徒派诗人）
①Religionary
Allegory:
Pilgrim‟s
Progress>
天路历程
Donne
Metaphysical
poet（玄学派诗人）.
Poetry（玄学诗）：
（用语）the
diction
simple,
imagery
actual,
（形式）the
form
frequently
an
argument
poet’s
beloved,
god,
himself.（主题：
love,
religious,
thought）
conceits
imagery奇思妙喻
syllogism三段论
Meditations
沉思录
Flea
虱子
Songs
And
Sonnets
Holy
③Valediction:
Forbidding
Mourning>
18th
interest
old
classical
works,
order,
logic,
restrainedemotion（抑制情感）
accuracy
Age
Enlightenment/Reason:
movement
was
furtherance
15th
16th
centries,
progressive
intellectual
movement,
reason（rationality）,
equality&
science（the
century）
小说崛起：
In
mid-century,
newly
literary
form,
novel
rised（realistic
novel现实主义小说）
Gothic
novel（哥特式小说）：
mystery,
horror,
castles（from
part
end
Alexander
Pope亚历山大•蒲柏1688~1744
（18世纪英国最伟大的诗人，其诗多用“英雄双韵体”/
“
couplets”。
词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。
introduce
rationalism
England.
An
Essay
Criticism>
批评论
1.Using
“heroic
couplets”
Rape
Lock>
卷发遇劫记
Moral
道德论
Man>
人论
Dunciad>
愚人记
Samuel
Johnson塞缪尔•约翰逊1709~1784
①Dictionary
=<
Dictionary
Language>
英语大词典
Jonathan
Swift乔纳森•斯威夫特1667~1745
（十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家a
master
satirist。
Gulliver‟s
Travels>
格列佛游记（fictional
work）
Four
parts:
Lilliput
小人国
Brobdingnag
大人国
Flying
Island
飞岛
Houyhnhnm
马岛
Modest
Proposal>
一个小小的建议
Battle
Books>
书战
Tale
Tub>
木桶的故事
Drapper‟s
Letters>
一个麻布商的书信
Daniel
Defoe丹尼尔•笛福1660~1731
（小说家，新闻记者，小册子作者；
十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。
He
writer
lower-class
people,hislanguage
smooth,
easy,
colloquial
mostly
vernacular,
he
founder
realistic
novel.
Robinson
Crusoe>
鲁宾逊漂流记
It
praise
fortitude
human
labor
Puritan.
Robinson
grew
naive
artless
youth
into
shrewd
hardened
man,tempered
numerous
trials
his
eventful
life.
adventure
story,
Robinson,
narrates
how
goes
sea,
gets
shipwrecked
marooned
lonely
island,
struggles
live
24-years
there
finally
relieved
returns
Moll
Flanders>
Colonel
Jacque>
Captain
singleton>
Fielding亨利•菲尔丁1707~1754
（英国小说家，戏剧家，被誉为“英国小说之父”
。
called
“Father
novel”.
write
“Comic
prose”（散文体史诗）,
give
its
structure
style.
novels:
Tom
Jones,
Foundling>
弃婴汤姆•琼斯
Adventures
Joseph
Andrews>
约瑟夫•安德鲁
Life
Mr
Wild,
Great>
大诗人江奈生•威尔德
Amelia>
爱米利亚
Register
1736>
一七三六年历史记事
Don
Quixote
England>
堂吉柯德在英国
Oliver
Goldsmith奥利弗•格尔德斯密斯1730~1774
poems:
Traveller>
旅游人
Deserted
Village>
荒村
novel:
Vicar
Wakefield>
威克菲尔德牧师传
7.
Brinsley
Sheridan理查德•布林斯利•施莱登1751~1816
Rivals>
情敌
School
Scandal>
造谣学校
8.
Blake威廉•布莱克1757~1827
Innocence>
天真之歌
happy
innocent
world
children‟s
eye.
Experience>
经验之歌
word
misery,
poverty,
disease,
war
repression
melancholy
tone
men
eyes.
Include:
Chimney
Sweeper>
London>
Tyger>
Lamb
symbol
peace
purity
Tyger
dread
oiolence
Marriage
Heaven
Hell>
天堂与地狱的婚姻
9.
Robert
Burns罗伯特•彭斯1759~1796
Scottish
poet
late
century.
Poems
Chiefly
Dialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗
Anderson,
My
Jo>
约翰•安德生，我的爱人
Red,
Red
Rose>
一朵红红的玫瑰
Auld
Long
Syne>
往昔时光
Man‟s
Man
A‟That>
不管那一套
⑤
Heart‟s
the
Highlands>
我的心在那高原上
⑥
Bruce
At
Bannockburn>
⑦
Tree
Liberty>
Romantic
began
1798
publication
Wordsworth
Coleridge’s
Lyrical
Ballads>
1832
Walter
Scott’s
death.
Romanticism:
emphasize
specialqualitie
each
individual‟s
mind.（人
应该是独立自由的个体）
it,
emotion
reason,
spontaneous
emotion,
change
outer
social
civilization
inner
poetry
should
free
all
rules,
imagination,
nature,
commonplace.
Two
major
novelists
are
Jane
Austen
（realistic）
Scott
（romantic）.
“The
Lake
Poets”湖畔诗人，who
lived
lake
district.
Wordsworth;
Samuel
Taylor
Coleridge;
Southey
Wordsworth威廉•华兹华斯1770~1850
（与柯尔律治、骚塞同被称为“湖畔派”诗人。
Poets）
抒情歌谣集（with
Coleridge）
I
Wondered
Lonely
Cloud>
Theme:
1.Nature
embodies
beings
diverse
circumstance.
nature
“strength
knowledge
fullof
peace”
2.It
bliss
recolled
beauty
mind
while
solitude.
Comment:
very
cheerful
recalling
t
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