全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英1Word文档下载推荐.docx

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全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英1Word文档下载推荐.docx

thosesubjectswerereadytolendsignificantlyhigheramountsofmoneytostrangersthanweretheir10whoinhaledsomethingelse。

  11forus,wealsohaveasixthsensefordishonestythatmay12us。

ACanadianstudyfoundthatchildrenasyoungas14monthscandifferentiate13acrediblepersonandadishonestone。

Sixtytoddlerswereeach14toanadulttesterholdingaplasticcontainer。

Thetesterwouldask,“What’sinhere?

”beforelookingintothecontainer,smiling,andexclaiming,“Wow!

”Eachsubjectwastheninvitedtolook15。

Halfofthemfoundatoy;

theotherhalf16thecontainerwasempty-andrealizedthetesterhad17them。

  Amongthechildrenwhohadnotbeentricked,themajoritywere18tocooperatewiththetesterinlearninganewskill,demonstratingthattheytrustedhisleadership。

19,onlyfiveofthe30childrenpairedwiththe“20”testerparticipatedinafollow-upactivity。

  1。

[A]on[B]like[C]for[D]from

  2。

[A]faith[B]concern[C]attention[D]interest

  3。

[A]benefit[B]debt[C]hope[D]price

  4。

[A]Therefore[B]Then[C]Instead[D]Again

  5。

[A]Until[B]Unless[C]Although[D]When

  6。

[A]selects[B]produces[C]applies[D]maintains

  7。

[A]consult[B]compete[C]connect[D]compare

  8。

[A]at[B]by[C]of[D]to

  9。

[A]context[B]mood[C]period[D]circle

  10。

[A]counterparts[B]substitutes[C]colleagues[D]supporters

  11。

[A]Funny[B]Lucky[C]Odd[D]Ironic

  12。

[A]monitor[B]protect[C]surprise[D]delight

  13。

[A]between[B]within[C]toward[D]over

  14。

[A]transferred[B]added[C]introduced[D]entrusted

  15。

[A]out[B]back[C]around[D]inside

  16。

[A]discovered[B]proved[C]insisted[D]。

remembered

  17。

[A]betrayed[B]wronged[C]fooled[D]mocked

  18。

[A]forced[B]willing[C]hesitant[D]entitled

  19。

[A]Incontrast[B]Asaresult[C]Onthewhole[D]Forinstance

  20。

[A]inflexible[B]incapable[C]unreliable[D]unsuitable

  SectionIIReadingComprehension

  PartA

  Readthefollowingfourtexts。

AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD。

MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET。

(40points)

  Text1

  Amongtheannoyingchallengesfacingthemiddleclassisonethatwillprobablygounmentionedinthenextpresidentialcampaign:

Whathappenswhentherobotscomefortheirjobs?

  Don‘tdismissthatpossibilityentirely。

AbouthalfofU.S。

jobsareathighriskofbeingautomated,accordingtoaUniversityofOxfordstudy,withthemiddleclassdisproportionatelysqueezed。

Lower-incomejobslikegardeningordaycaredon’tappealtorobots。

Butmanymiddle-classoccupations-trucking,financialadvice,softwareengineering—havearousedtheirinterest,orsoonwill。

Therichowntherobots,sotheywillbefine。

  Thisisn‘ttobealarmist。

Optimistspointoutthattechnologicalupheavalhasbenefitedworkersinthepast。

TheIndustrialRevolutiondidn’tgosowellforLudditeswhosejobsweredisplacedbymechanizedlooms,butiteventuallyraisedlivingstandardsandcreatedmorejobsthanitdestroyed。

Likewise,automationshouldeventuallyboostproductivity,stimulatedemandbydrivingdownprices,andfreeworkersfromhard,boringwork。

Butinthemediumterm,middle-classworkersmayneedalotofhelpadjusting。

  Thefirststep,asErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfeeargueinTheSecondMachineAge,shouldberethinkingeducationandjobtraining。

Curriculums—fromgrammarschooltocollege-shouldevolvetofocuslessonmemorizingfactsandmoreoncreativityandcomplexcommunication。

Vocationalschoolsshoulddoabetterjoboffosteringproblem-solvingskillsandhelpingstudentsworkalongsiderobots。

Onlineeducationcansupplementthetraditionalkind。

Itcouldmakeextratrainingandinstructionaffordable。

Professionalstryingtoacquirenewskillswillbeabletodosowithoutgoingintodebt。

  ThechallengeofcopingwithautomationunderlinestheneedfortheU.S。

toreviveitsfadingbusinessdynamism:

Startingnewcompaniesmustbemadeeasier。

Inpreviouserasofdrastictechnologicalchange,entrepreneurssmoothedthetransitionbydreamingupwaystocombinelaborandmachines。

Thebestusesof3Dprintersandvirtualrealityhaven‘tbeeninventedyet。

TheU.S。

needsthenewcompaniesthatwillinventthem。

  Finally,becauseautomationthreatenstowidenthegapbetweencapitalincomeandlaborincome,taxesandthesafetynetwillhavetoberethought。

Taxesonlow-wagelaborneedtobecut,andwagesubsidiessuchastheearnedincometaxcreditshouldbeexpanded:

Thiswouldboostincomes,encouragework,rewardcompaniesforjobcreation,andreduceinequality。

  Technologywillimprovesocietyinwaysbigandsmalloverthenextfewyears,yetthiswillbelittlecomforttothosewhofindtheirlivesandcareersupendedbyautomation。

Destroyingthemachinesthatarecomingforourjobswouldbenuts。

Butpoliciestohelpworkersadaptwillbeindispensable。

  21.Whowillbemostthreatenedbyautomation?

  [A]Leadingpoliticians。

  [B]Low-wagelaborers。

  [C]Robotowners。

  [D]Middle-classworkers。

  22。

Whichofthefollowingbestrepresenttheauthor’sview?

  [A]Worriesaboutautomationareinfactgroundless。

  [B]Optimists‘opinionsonnewtechfindlittlesupport。

  [C]Issuesarisingfromautomationneedtobetackled

  [D]Negativeconsequencesofnewtechcanbeavoided

  23.Educationintheageofautomationshouldputmoreemphasison

  [A]creativepotential。

  [B]job-huntingskills。

  [C]individualneeds。

  [D]cooperativespirit。

  24.Theauthorsuggeststhattaxpoliciesbeaimedat

  [A]encouragingthedevelopmentofautomation。

  [B]increasingthereturnoncapitalinvestment。

  [C]easingthehostilitybetweenrichandpoor。

  [D]preventingtheincomegapfromwidening。

  25.Inthistext,theauthorpresentsaproblemwith

  [A]opposingviewsonit。

  [B]possiblesolutionstoit。

  [C]itsalarmingimpacts。

  [D]itsmajorvariations。

  Text2

  AnewsurveybyHarvardUniversityfindsmorethantwo-thirdsofyoungAmericansdisapproveofPresidentTrump’suseofTwitter。

TheimplicationisthatMillennialsprefernewsfromtheWhiteHousetobefilteredthroughothersource,Notapresident’ssocialmediaplatform。

  MostAmericansrelyonsocialmediatocheckdailyheadlines。

Yetasdistrusthasrisentowardallmedia,peoplemaybestartingtobeefuptheirmedialiteracyskills。

Suchatrendisbadlyneeded。

Duringthe2016presidentialcampaign,nearlyaquarterofwebcontentsharedbyTwitterusersinthepoliticallycriticalstateofMichiganwasfakenews,accordingtotheUniversityofOxford。

AndasurveyconductedforBuzzFeedNewsfound44percentofFacebookusersrarelyornevertrustnewsfromthemediagiant。

  Youngpeoplewhoaredigitalnativesareindeedbecomingmoreskillfulatseparatingfactfromfictionincyberspace。

AKnightFoundationfocus-groupsurveyofyoungpeoplebetweenages14and24foundtheyuse“distributedtrust”toverifystories。

Theycross-checksourcesandprefernewsfromdifferentperspectives—especiallythosethatareopenaboutanybias。

“Manyyoungpeopleassumeagreatdealofpersonalresponsibilityforeducatingthemselvesandactivelyseekingoutopposingviewpoints,”thesurveyconcluded。

  Suchactiveresearchcanhaveanothereffect。

A2014surveyconductedinAustralia,Britain,andtheUnitedStatesbytheUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonfoundthatyoungpeople’srelianceonsocialmedialedtogreaterpoliticalengagement。

  Socialmediaallowsuserstoexperiencenewseventsmoreintimatelyandimmediatelywhilealsopermittingthemtore-sharenewsasaprojectionoftheirvaluesandinterests。

Thisforcesuserstobemoreconsciousoftheirroleinpassingalonginformation。

AsurveybyBarnaresearchgroupfoundthetopreasongivenbyAmericansforthefakenewsphenomenonis“readererror,”moresothanmade-upstoriesorfactualmistakesinreporting。

Aboutathirdsaytheproblemoffakenewsliesin“misinterpretationorexaggerationofactualnews”viasocialmedia。

Inotherwords,thechoicetosharenewsonsocialmediamaybetheheartoftheissue。

“Thisindicatesthereisarealpersonalresponsibilityincounteractingthisproblem,”saysRoxanneStone,editorinchiefatBarnaGroup。

  Sowhenyoungpeoplearecriticalofanover-tweetingpresident,theyrevealamentaldisciplineinthinkingskills–andintheirchoicesonwhentoshareonsocialmedia。

  26。

AccordingtotheParagraphs1and2,manyyoungAmericanscastdoubtson

  [A]thejustificationofthenews-filteringpractice。

  [B]people’spreferenceforsocialmediaplatforms。

  [C]theadministrationsabilitytohandleinformation。

  [D]socialmediawasareliablesourceofnews。

  27。

Thephrase“beerup”(Line2,Para。

2)isclosestinmeaningto

  [A]sharpen

  [B]define

  [C]boast

  [D]share

  28。

Accordingtotheknightfoundationsurvey,youngpeople

  

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