DTData Integration Architecture Elvis ZhangWord格式文档下载.docx

DTData Integration Architecture Elvis ZhangWord格式文档下载.docx

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ProcessesofDataIntegration

❑XML’suseinDataIntegration

TableofContents

TableofContents2

I.Introduction3

A.DifferentiatingDataIntegrationfromApplicationIntegration（EAI）3

1.EachTechnologysolvesdifferentbusinessproblems3

2.EachTechnologyrequiresdifferenttools4

B.FactorsInDeterminingWhichTechnologyToUse4

1.LimitationsofApplicationIntegration（EAI）4

2.StrengthsofDataIntegration5

C.GuidelinesforSelection6

II.“Actual”DataIntegration（ODSBased）7

A.DataIntegrationusinganOperationalDataStore（ODS）7

B.ODSComponents&

Processes8

1.Components8

2.Processes9

III.“Virtual”DataIntegration（XML-Based）11

I.Introduction

Integratingapplicationsissimplefromacommunicationperspective,butitcanbeextremelychallengingfromadataperspective.Multipleapplicationscanbemadetosendandreceivemessagesandtransactionsamongeachother;

butiftheydonothaveacommonunderstandingofthecontextandmeaningofthedatainvolved,theresultwillbeincomplete,orinaccurate,informationinone,ormore,oftheapplications.Thereforeapplicationintegration（EAI）shouldnotbeimplementedasanisolatedtechnologybutratheraspartofabroaderintegrationstrategythatevaluateswhichtypeofintegration（dataorapplication）isappropriateforwhichtask.

Eventhoughapplicationintegrationisgettingmoreattentiontoday,theneedfordataintegrationisalsogrowingrapidly,drivenprimarilybye-businessandportalrequirements.Thispaperwillexplorethecriticaldataintegrationissuesthatneedtobeevaluatedaspartofamiddleware-basedapplicationintegrationstrategy,andguidelinesforwhenmigrationtoacentralizeddatarepositoryforhousingkeyelementsofenterpriseinformationispreferred,ratherthananEAImiddlewaresolution,aswellasthetoolsandstandardstodoso.

A.DifferentiatingDataIntegrationfromApplicationIntegration（EAI）

Thekeydifferencebetweenapplicationintegrationanddataintegrationisthatapplicationintegrationenablesreal-timesharingofdatabetweendifferentsystemsand/applications.Dataintegrationrequiresthecombiningofdatafromdisparatesourcesintoanew,consolidateddataresource.

❑Applicationintegration,whichisthecreationofnewstrategicbusinesssolutionsbyreusingthefunctionalityofexistingapplications,involvestheuseofEAImiddlewaretoconnectdisparatesystemsand/orapplications.EAImiddlewareenablesoneapplication,ordatabase,to"

communicate"

withanotherapplication,ordatabase,butdoesnotrequireanychangetotheexistingdataintheunderlyingdatabases.

❑DataintegrationinvolvestheuseofETLmiddlewaretoreducedataredundancybycollectingandreorganizingdisparatedataintoonephysicalorlogicalplace.IntegrateddatarepositoriesarethealternativetoEAI,whichpresentacentralizedandlogicalapproachestointegratinginformation.Thephysicalimplementationofdataintegrationcouldbewithinacentralizedenterprisedatawarehouseorseverallogicaldatarepositories（ODS）.

1.EachTechnologysolvesdifferentbusinessproblems

TherearemanyrequirementsforEAI,frombusiness-to-business（B2B）tointernalapplicationintegrationscenarios,howeverdifferentintegrationscenariosrequiredifferentintegrationtechnologies.

❑ApplicationIntegration（EAI）

Thebusinessdriverbehindapplicationintegration,（thecreationofnewstrategicbusinesssolutionsbyintegratingthefunctionalityofexistingenterprise'

sapplications）istherecognitionthatstove-pipedapplications,typicallytransactionprocessing（OLTP）,automateindividualstepsinalargerbusinessprocess.Bycapturingoutputfromonesystemandroutingitintoareceivingapplication,abroaderbusinessprocessisautomated.Threecriticalattributesofapplicationintegrationare:

1）participatingsystemsaretightlydependent

2）integrationisdoneattheapplicationleveltopreservetransactionalintegrity

3）bothsystemsareprocesscentricintheirdesign.

❑DataIntegration

Thegoalofdataintegrationistogetredundantdata,storedinmultipleindependentsystems,to"

agreeonthefacts,"

sincethereisnopracticalwaytore-engineertheapplicationsandeliminatetheredundancy.Intoday’senvironment,dataconsistencyisimportantforbothOLTPandDSSarchitectures.Whendataconsistencyisthesolemotivationforintegratingpreviouslyindependentapplications,thendataintegrationtechnology,ratherthanEAItechnologyshouldbeused.Threecriticalconceptsare:

1）participatingsystemsarelooselycoupled

2）integrationisdoneatthedatabaselevel,and

3）thereceivingsystemisdatacentricinitsdesign

2.EachTechnologyrequiresdifferenttools

EAItoolsarethemostappropriateintegrationtechnologyforapplicationintegration.WithinEAItools,logicandbusinessrulesaredevelopedthattransformthesyntaxandsemanticsofthesendingapplication'

sdata,messagesortransactionsintoinputsthataresemanticallyandsyntacticallyconsistentwiththoseofthereceivingsystems.

ETLtoolsaremoreappropriatefordataintegration.Datamustbecomplete,consistent,timelyandrelevanttocreateinformationquality.Therefore,dataoriginatingintwoormoreapplicationsmustbereconciledintoasemanticallyconsistentformat.ETLtoolsintegratedatafrommultiplesystems,reconcilingredundantandoverlappingdataintoasingle,consistentintegrateddatastructureandenablingsyntaxandsemantictransformationstobeappliedtothedata.

AlthoughETLtoolsandEAItoolshavelegitimatefunctionaloverlap,theyfeaturedifferenttechnicalstrengthsspecifictotheproblemstheysolve.Followingarethekeydifferentiatingfeaturesbetweenthem.

1.Thefirstisthetimerequirement.-Ifreal-time,ornear-time,updateisrequired,thenanEAItoolwillsatisfytherequirementbetterthananETLone.

2.Thesecondisthevolumeofdatatobemoved.-AnETLbatchprocesswillalwaysbemoreefficientatmovingalargevolumeofdatathanindividualmessages.

3.Thethirdisthelevelatwhichintegrationneedstooccur.-MessagingbrokerstendtohaveaprogrammingAPIwhichresultsinsystemintegrationattheapplicationprogramminglevel.

4.Thefourthistheneedforintelligentrouting.-ETLvendorsdonotcurrentlyprovideintelligent,ordynamic,routingoftransactions.

5.Thefifthisthelevelofmetadatasupport-BothEAIandETLmakeuseofmetadatahowever,EAIvendorshavenotofferedasrichanapproachtometadataastheETLvendors.

B.FactorsInDeterminingWhichTechnologyToUse

UsingEAImiddlewaretolinkdisparateinformationsourcesforcertaintypesofapplicationsshouldnotbeviewedasan“quickfix”alternativetobuildingandmaintaininganintegrateddatarepository.Inmanycases,addingnewapplicationstoinstalledapplicationsintroducesinefficienciesordisconnected"

islands"

ofinformation

1.LimitationsofApplicationIntegration（EAI）

UsingEAImiddlewaretolinkdisparateinformationsourcescanhaveanimpactondataconsistencyand/orquality,whichcancreatethefollowingproblems:

❑DataRedundancy.Separatedatabasesoftenmaintainduplicateornear-duplicatedata,incurringincreasedstorageandmanagementcosts.

❑ProcessRedundancy.Themiddlewareapproachrequiresthatdatabetransformedintotherequestingapplication'

sformateachtimeitisaccessed..

❑SynchronizationandOwnershipIssues.Theseproblemsmayresultfromvaryingsourcesystemavailability,aswellasfromthelogicalrepositoriesreceivingnewandupdateddatafromabroadrangeofsources.

❑DataInconsistency.Seriousinconsistenciesmayresultfromthesourcesystems'

employingdifferentsemantics,formats,periodsofapplicabilityandcyclesofupdateandrefreshment.

❑LimitedRepeatabilityandAuditability.Changesinthesourcesystems'

operationaldatamaycausethesameactiontodeliverdifferentresultsatdifferenttimes.

2.StrengthsofDataIntegration

Thereareseveraltypesofdataintegrationscenarios,wherebuildinganintegrateddataresourcemaybepreferredoveranEAIsolution:

❑ToSolveDataIntegrityIssuesBetweenSystems

EAIenablesintegrationinabroad,businesscontextandcanserveasafoundationforintegratinglegacy,aswellas,newapplications,howeveritisunlikelythatanapplicationintegrationprojectwillsucceed,nomatterhowsophisticatedtheEAItools,iftheunderlyingsystemsareamess（i.e.applicationswitheccentricdata,uniquebusinessrules,andconvolutedprocesses）thesesystemsmayneverbeusefullyintegrated.

Notallapplicationintegrationprojectswillrequireintegratingsuchdisparateheterogeneousdatasourcestorequireadataintegrationsolution.However,forintegratingportals,commerceserversorcustomapplicationstotwoormorerelativelycomplexanddisparate,heterogeneous,datasources,adatarepositoryshouldbeconsideredasawayofnotonlyreducinginitialeffort,butalsocreatingleveragedreusabledataaccesscomponents.

❑ToTransform&

CleanseDisparateData

Mostorganizationsarefacedwithmanaginglargequantitiesofdisparatedata.Thisdisparatedataseverelyimpactsboththeorganization'

sabilitytoperformitsbusinessactivities