最新考研英语阅读unit7汇编Word文件下载.docx

最新考研英语阅读unit7汇编Word文件下载.docx

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做题备忘

PartA

Text1

商业经济

390

/10

Text2

科普知识

411

Text3

社会生活

461

Text4

436

PartB

502

PartC

文化教育

402

Directions：

Readthefollowingtexts.Answerthequestionsbloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].

AnewmaladyisrunningrampantlyincorporateAmerica:

managementphobia.Manypeopledon’twanttobemanager,andmanypeoplewhoaremanagersareitchingtojumpoffthemanagementtrack—orhavealready.“Ihatedallthemeetings,”saysa10-yearaward-winningmanager,“AndIfoundthemoreyoudidforpeoplewhoworkedforyou,themoretheyexpected.Iwasacounselor,motivator,financialadviserandpsychologist.”

Withtechnologychanginginawink,wecanneverslackoffthesedaysifwe’reonthetechnicalside.It’sararepersonwhocanmanagetokeepuponthetechnicalsideandhandleamanagementjob,too.Inaddition,withScottAdams’popularcartooncharacteraswellasmanytelevisionsituationcomediesroutinelyportrayingmanagersasmoronsorenemies,theyjustdon’tgetmuchrespectanymore.

Supervisingotherswasalwaysatoughtask,butinthepastthatstresswasoffsetbyhopesforcareermobilityandfinancialrewards.Alongwithasizablepayraise,peoplechosenasmanagerswouldbeginanearlyautomaticclimbupthecareerladdertolucrativeexecutiveperks:

stockoptions,companycars,clubmemberships,plusthekeytoexecutivewashroom.Butintoday’sglobal,morecompetitivearena,amanagersitsonaninsecureperch.Restructuringhaveeliminatedlayerafterlayerofmanagementascompaniescametoviewtheirorganizationsascollectionsofcompetenciesratherthanhierarchies.Therearefarfewerrungsonthecorporateladderformanagerstoclimb.Inaddition,managerialjobsdemandmorehoursandheadachesthaneverbeforebutofferslimfinancialpaybacksandperks.

Inanageofentrepreneurship,whenthemostpraisedpeopleinbusinessarethoselaunchingsomethingnew,managementseemslikeaninvisible,thanklessrole.Employersarelookingforpeoplewhocandothings,notforpeoplewhomakeotherpeopledothings.Managementlayoffshavedonemuchtoerodeinterestinmanagerialjobs.

Withmorepeoplewaryofjoiningmanagement,arecorporationsbeinghurtorworryingaboutdevelopingfutureleaders?

Nomanyare.Whileemployershavedismissedalotofmanagers,theybelieveasurpluslingersonatmanycompanies.“Anotherreasoncompaniesaren’tshortofmanagers”,contendsRobertKelley,aCarnegieMellonUniversitybusinessprofessor,“isthatsomanyworkerstodayareself-managed,eitherindividuallyorviateams,youdon’tneedamanager.”

1.Thewordsof10-yearaward-winningmanagerimpliesthat

[A]managerialjobsdemandmorehoursandoffermoreheadaches.

[B]managersshouldnotdotoomuchbeyondthescopeofhisjob.

[C]beingamanagerrequiresmanyotherskillsbesidesmanagement.

[D]apersoncangetalotofdevelopmentinamanagementrole.

2.Theword“perk”（Line3,Para.3）probablymeans

[A]privileges.[B]status.

[C]mobility.[D]rungs.

3.Whichoneofthefollowingstatementsappliestotoday’smanagers?

[A]Theirstresscanbereducedbythefinancialandemotionalrewards.

[B]Theybegintoneglecttheirdevelopmentonthetechnicalside.

[C]Theydon’tfeelsecureintheirpositionsbecauseofthereductionincompanyhierarchies.

[D]Theyarenotrespectedanymorebythemediadespiteoftheirhardefforts.

4.Whichskilldoemployersvaluemostinthisageofentrepreneurship?

[A]Management.[B]Creativity.

[C]Cooperation.[D]Diligence.

5.Thelastparagraphsuggeststhat

[A]thelossofinterestinthemanagerialjobswoulddamageAmericancorporateculture.

[B]moreandmoremanagerswouldbelaidoffinordertorelievethefinancialburden.

[C]thosewhoarestilllingeringonmanagerialjobsarenotforesighted.

[D]manyemployeesaretosomeextentamanagerofthemselves.

Man’spuzzlementandpreoccupationwithtimebothderiveultimatelyfromhisuniquerelationshiptoit.Allanimalsexistintimeandarechangedbyit;

onlymancanmanipulateit.

LikeProust,theFrenchauthorwhoseexperiencesbecamehisliterarycapital,mancanrecapturethepast.Hecanalsosummonupthingstocome,displayingimaginationandforesightalongwithmemory.Itcanbeargued,indeed,thatmemoryandforesightednessaretheessenceofintelligence;

thatman’sabilitytomanipulatetime,toemploybothpastandfutureasguidestopresentaction,iswhatmakeshimhuman.

Tobesure,manyanimalscanreacttotimeafterafashion.Aratcanlearntopressaleverthatwill,afteradelayofsome25seconds,rewarditwithabitoffood.Butifthedelaystretchesbeyond30seconds,theanimalisstumped.Itcannolongerassociaterewardto“far”inthefuturewithpresentlever-pressing.

Monkeys,moreintelligentthanrats,arebetterabletodealwithtime.Ifoneofthemisallowedtoseefoodbeinghiddenunderoneoftwocups,itcanpickouttherightcupevenafter90secondshavepassed.Butafterthattimeinterval,themonkey’shuntforthefoodisnobetterthanchancepredicts.

Withtheapes,man’snearestcousins,“timesense”takesabigstepforward.Evenunderlaboratoryconditions,quitedifferentfromthosetheyencounterinthewild,apessometimesshowremarkableabilitytomanipulatethepresenttoobtainafuturegoal.Achimpanzee,forexample,canlearntostackfourboxes,oneatoptheother,asaplatformfromwhichitcanreachahangingbanana.Chimpanzees,indeed,carrytheirabilitytocopewiththefuturetothethresholdofhumancapacity:

theycanmaketools.Anditisbythemakingoftools—physicaltoolsascrudeasastonechopper,mentaltoolsassubtleasamathematicalequation—thatmancharacteristicallypreparesforfuturecontingencies.

Chimpanzeesinthewildhavebeenseentostripatwigofitsleavestomakeaprobeforextractingtermitesfromtheirhole.Significantly,however,theapedoesnotmakethistoolbeforesettingoutonatermitehunt,butonlywhenitactuallyseestheinsectsortheirnest.Here,aswiththebananaandthecrates,theapecandealonlywithafuturethatisimmediateandvisible—andthushalfwayintothepresent.

6.Thesentence“LikeProust,…recapturethepast”（Line1,Para.2）showsthat

[A]Proustwroteaboutpastexperiences.

[B]Proustdescribedman’sdevelopmentoftimesense.

[C]Proustdiscoveredthingsaboutthefuturebyrelivingthepast.

[D]Proustwroteprimarilytoimprovehisfuturelife.

7.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

[A]Monkeysandapesarealmostasintelligentasman.

[B]Memoryandforesightcontributetointelligence.

[C]Mandevelopedfromapes.

[D]Chimpanzees’senseoftimeisasgoodasman’s.

8.Theword“stump”（Line3,Para.3）mostprobablymeans

[A]confuse.

[B]inspire.

[C]frighten.

[D]disappoint.

9.Itissignificantthatchimpanzeesmaketools,butitismoreimportantthat

[A]thetoolstheymakearecrude.

[B]theystackitemstomakeplatforms.

[C]theycanmakeupsimpleequations.

[D]theynevermaketoolsbeforetheyneedthem.

10.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainideaofthetext?

[A]Howapesunderstandtimerelationships.

[B]Man’spreoccupationwithpastandfutureevents.

[C]Howman’stimesenseseparateshimfromanimals.

[D]Timesenseinanimals.

Childrenareinneedofadoptionbecausesomebirthparentsareunableorunavailabletoprovideadequatelyfortheneedsoftheirchild.Therearenumerousreasonsformakinganadoptionplan.Birthparentsmayfeeltheycannottakeontheresponsibilityofanunplannedchildbecausetheyaretooyoungorbecausetheyarefinanciallyoremotionallyunabletoprovidepropercare.Theydonotfeelreadyorabletobegoodparents.

Inothercaseschildrenareinneedofadoptionbecausecourtshavedecidedthattheirbirthparentsareunabletofunctionadequately.Manyofthesechildrenarevictimsofabuseorneglect.Regardlessofhowchildrencometoneedadoption,theyareputwithadoptiveparentsthroughprivateorpublicsocialserviceagencies.Otheradoptionsmaybearrangedindependently,aswhenbirthparentsandadoptiveparentscometoknoweachotheroutsideofanagencyandthencompletetheadoptionaccordingtothelawsandregulationsoftheirstatesofresidence.

Intheearly1970stherewasadramaticincreaseinthenumberoffamiliesseekingtoadopt,aconditionwhichpersiststoday.Forthisreason,thenumberofthosewhowishtoadoptregularlyexceedsthenumberofinfantsavailable.Reasonsforthisdramaticincreasearevaried.Amajorfactorhasbeenthechoiceofmanypeopletodelaythestartofafamilyuntillaterinlife.Manyofthesepeople,inturn,havefoundthemselvestobelessfertileatthattime,andsotheyhavedecidedthattheirdesiretohavechildrenmightbestbefulfilledthroughadoption.

Ineverystate,however,therearechildrenwhoarelegallyfreetobeadoptedbutaredesperatelywaitingforparents.Thechildreninthisgroupareusuallyolderandoftenhavespecialneeds.Theymayrequireadditionalcarefromaparentbecauseoftheirphysical,emotional,ormentaldisabilitieswhichmayhavebeencausedbyabuse,neglect,ormedicalorgeneticfactors.Becauseoftheirspecialneeds,thesechildrenarechallengingtorear.Infact,adoptionexpertsbelievethatpeoplewhoadoptthesechildrenneedspecialtrainingandpreparationinordertosuccessfullyrearthechildandtointegratethechildintothefamilyandeventuallyintosociety.

Incasesofinternationaladoption,Ameri