考研英语一真题及参考答案Word文档下载推荐.docx
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behavior__10__itself
Afterseveraldecades,thesamedatawere__11__toeconometrictheanalysisHawthorneexperimentshasanothersurprisestore12thedescriptionsonrecord,nosystematic__13__wasfoundthatlevelsofproductivitywererelatedtochangesinlighting
Itturnsoutthatpeculiarwayofconductingtheexperimentsmaybehaveletto__14__interpretationofwhathappened.__15__,lightingwasalwayschangedonaSundayWhenworkstartedagainonMonday,output__16__rosecomparedwiththepreviousSaturdayand__17__toriseforthenextcoupleofdays__18__,acomparisonwithdataforweekswhentherewasnoexperimentationshowedthatoutputalwayswentuponMonday,workers__19__tobediligentforthefirstfewdaysoftheweekinanycase,before__20__aplateauandthenslackeningoff.Thissuggeststhatthealleged“Hawthorneeffect”ishardtopindown
1.[A]affected[B]achieved[C]extracted[D]restored
2.[A]at[B]up[C]with[D]off
3.[A]truth[B]sight[C]act[D]proof
4.[A]controversial[B]perplexing[C]mischievous[D]ambiguous
5.[A]requirements[B]explanations[C]accounts[D]assessments
6.[A]conclude[B]matter[C]indicate[D]work
7.[A]asfaras[B]forfearthat[C]incasethat[D]solongas
8.[A]awareness[B]expectation[C]sentiment[D]illusion
9.[A]suitable[B]excessive[C]enough[D]abundant
10.[A]about[B]for[C]on[D]by
11.[A]compared[B]shown[C]subjected[D]conveyed
12.[A]contraryto[B]consistentwith[C]parallelwith[D]peculiarto
13.[A]evidence[B]guidance[C]implication[D]source
14.[A]disputable[B]enlightening[C]reliable[D]misleading
15.[A]Incontrast[B]Forexample[C]Inconsequence[D]Asusual
16.[A]duly[B]accidentally[C]unpredictably[D]suddenly
17.[A]failed[B]ceased[C]started[D]continued
20.[A]breaking[B]climbing[C]surpassing[D]hitting
SectionⅡReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text2
Overthepastdecade,thousandsofpatentshaveseengrantedforwhatarecalledbusinessmethods.Amazoncomreceivedoneforits“one-click”onlinepaymentsystemMerrillLynchgotlegalprotectionforanassetallocationstrategy.Oneinventorpatentedatechniqueforlyingabox。
Nowthenation’stoppatentcourtappearscompletelyreadytoscalehackonbusiness-methodpatents,whichhavebeencontroversialeversincetheywerefirstauthorized10yearsago.Inamovethathasintellectual-propertylawyersabuzztheU.ScourtofAppealsforthefederalcircuitsaiditwoulduseparticularcasetoconductabroadreviewofbusiness-methodpatents.InreBilski,asthecaseisknown,is“averybigdeal”,saysDermis'
D,CrouchoftheUniversityofMissouriSchooloflaw.It“hasthepotentialtoeliminateanentireclassofpatents”
Curbsonbusiness-methodclaimswouldbeadramaticabout-facebecauseitwasthefederalcircuititselfthatintroducedsuchpatentswithis1998decisionintheso-calledstateStreetBankcase,approvingapatentonawayofpoolingmutual-fundassets.Thatrulingproducedanexplosioninbusiness-methodpatentfilings,initiallybyemerginginternetcompaniestryingtostakeoutexclusivepintstospecifictypesofonlinetransactions.Later,moveestablishedcompaniesracedtoaddsuchpatentstotheirfiles,ifonlyasadefensivemoveagainstrivalsthatmightbentthemtothepunch.In2005,IBMnotedinacourtfilingthatithadbeenissuedmorethan300business-methodpatentsdespitethefactthatitquestionedthelegalbasisforgrantingthem.Similarly,someWallStreetinvestmentfilmsarmedthemselveswithpatentsforfinancialproducts,evenastheytookpositionsincourtcasesopposingthepractice。
TheBilskicaseinvolvesaclaimedpatentonamethodforhedgingriskintheenergymarket.TheFederalcircuitissuedanunusualorderstatingthatthecasewouldbeheardbyall12ofthecourt’sjudges,ratherthanatypicalpanelofthree,andthatoneissueitwantstoevaluateiswhetheritshould“reconsider”itsstatestreetBankruling。
TheFederalCircuit’sactioncomesinthewakeofaseriesofrecentdecisionsbythesupreme.Countthathasnarrowedthescopeofprotectionsforpatentholders.LastApril,forexamplethejusticessignaledthattoomanypatentswerebeingupheldfor“inventions”thatareobvious.ThejudgesontheFederalcircuitare“reactiontotheanti-patenttrendatthesupremecourt”saysHaroleCWegner,apartendattorneyandprofessoratWashingtonUniversityLawSchool。
26.Business-methodpatentshaverecentlyarousedconcernbecauseof
[A]theirlimitedvaluetobusiness[B]theirconnectionwithassetallocation
[C]thepossiblerestrictionontheirgranting[D]thecontroversyoverauthorization
27.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheBilskicase?
[A]Itsrulingcomplieswiththecourtdecisions[B]Itinvolvesaverybigbusinesstransaction
[C]IthasbeendismissedbytheFederalCircuit[D]ItmaychangethelegalpracticesintheU.S。
28.Theword“about-face”(Line1,Paro3)mostprobablymeans
[A]lossofgoodwill[B]increaseofhostility
[C]changeofattitude[D]enhancementofdisunity
29.Welearnfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatbusiness-methodpatents
[A]areimmunetolegalchallenges[B]areoftenunnecessarilyissued
[C]lowertheesteemforpatentholders[D]increasetheincidenceofrisks
30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethesubjectofthetext?
[A]Aloomingthreattobusiness-methodpatents
[B]Protectionforbusiness-methodpatentholders
[C]Alegalcaseregardingbusiness-methodpatents
[D]Aprevailingtreadagainstbusiness-methodpatents
Text3
InhisbookTheTippingPointMalcolmAladuellarguesthatsocialepidemicsaredriveninlargepartbytheactingofatinyminorityofspecialindividuals,oftencalledinfluentialswhoareunusualinformed,persuasive,orweconnect.Theideaisintuitivelycompellingbutitdoesn'
texplainhowideasactuallyspread。
Thesupposedimportanceofinfluentialsderivesfromaplausiblesoundingbutlargelyuntestedtheorycalledthe"
tow-stepflowofcommunication"
.Informationflowsfromthemediatotheinfluentialsandfromthemtoeveryoneelse.Marketershaveembracedthetwo-stepflowbecameitsuggeststhatiftheycanjustfindandinfluencetheinfluentials,thoseselectpeoplewilldomostoftheworkforthem.Thetheoryalsoseemstoexplainthesuddenandunexpectedpopularityofpeoplewaswearing,promotingordevelopingwhateveritisbeforeanyoneelsepaidattention.Anecdotalevidenceofthiskindfitsnicelywiththeideathatonlycertainspecialpeoplecalldrivetrends。
Intheirrecentwork,however,someresearchershavecomeupwiththefindingthatinfluentialshavefarlessimpactonsocialepidemicsthanisgenerallysupposed.Infact,theydon’tseemtoberequiredofall.Theresearchers'
argumentstemsfromasimpleobservationaboutsocialinfluence,withtheexceptionofafewcelebritieslikeOprahWinfrey-whoseoutsizepresenceisprimarilyafunctionofmedia,notinterpersonalinfluence-eventhemostinfluentialmembersofapopulationsimplydon'
tinteractwiththatmanyothers.Yetitispreciselythesenon-celebratinginfluentialswhoaccordingtothetwo-step-flowtheoryaresupposedtodrivesocialepidemicsbyinfluencingtheirfriendsandcolleaguesdirectly.Forasocialepidemictooccurhowevereachpersonsoaffectedmusttheninfluencehisorherownacquaintances,whomustinturninfluencetheirsandsoonandjusthowmanyotherspayattentiontoeachofthesepeoplehaslittletodowiththeinitialinfluential.Ifpeopleinthenetworkjusttwodegreesremovedfromtheinitialinfluentialproveresistant,forexamplefromtheinitialinfluential,proveresistant,forexamplethecascadeofchangewon'
tpropagateveryfaroraffectmanypeople。
Buildingonthebasictruthaboutinterpersonalinfluence,theresearchersstudiedthedynamicsofpopulationsmanipulatinganumberofvariablesrelatingofpopulations,manipulatinganumberofvariablesrelatingtopeople’sabilitytoinfluenceothersandtheirtendencytobe。
31.BycitingthebookTheTippingPointtheauthorintendsto
[A]analyzetheconsequencesofsocialepidemics
[B]discussinfluentials’functioninspreadingideas
[C]exemplifypeople’sintuitiveresponsetosocialepidemics
[D]describetheessentialcharacteristicsofinfluentials
32.Theauthorsuggeststhatthe“two-step-flowtheory”
[A]servesasasolutiontomarketingproblems
[B]hashelpedexplaincertainpreva