数据库编程 东海陈光剑 桃花源大仙 0807Word格式.docx
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Inthesummerof1996,SunreleasedthefirstversionoftheJavaDatabaseConnectivity（JDBC）API.ThisAPIletsprogrammersconnecttoadatabaseandthenqueryorupdateit,usingtheStructuredQueryLanguageorSQL.（SQL,usuallypronouncedlike"
sequel,"
isanindustrystandardforrelationaldatabaseaccess.）
JavaandJDBChaveanessentialadvantageoverotherdatabaseprogrammingenvironments:
ProgramsdevelopedwithJavaandJDBCareplatformindependentandvendorindependent.
ThesamedatabaseprogramwritteninJavacanrunonanNTbox,aSolarisserver,oradatabaseappliancepoweredbytheJavaplatform.Youcanmoveyourdatafromonedatabasetoanother,forexample,fromMicrosoftSQLServertoOracle,oreventoatinydatabaseembeddedinadevice,andthesameprogramcanstillreadyourdata.Thiscapabilityisinsharpcontrasttotraditionaldatabaseprogramming.Toooften,developerswritedatabaseapplicationsinaproprietarydatabaselanguage,usingadatabasemanagementsystemthatisavailableonlyfromasinglevendor.
JDBChasbeenupdatedseveraltimes.AspartofthereleaseofJDK1.2in1998,asecondversionofJDBCwasissued.Asthisbookispublished,JDBC3isthemostcurrentversion,withJDBC4underdevelopment.JDBC3isincludedwithJDK1.4and5.0.
WemustcautionyouthattheJDKoffersnotoolsfor"
visual"
databaseprogramdevelopment.Forformdesigners,querybuilders,andreportgenerators,youneedtoturntothird-partytools.
Inthischapter:
∙WeexplainsomeoftheideasbehindJDBCtheJavaDatabaseConnectivityAPI.
∙Weintroduceyouto（orrefreshyourmemoryof）SQL,theindustry-standardStructuredQueryLanguageforrelationaldatabases.
∙WeprovideenoughdetailsandexamplestoletyoustartusingJDBCforcommonprogrammingsituations.
∙Wefinishwithabriefintroductiontohierarchicaldatabases,theLDAPprotocol,andJNDI（theJavaNamingandDirectoryInterface）.
2.JDBC的设计
●JDBCAPI,
●JDBCDriverAPI.
ApplicationprogrammersusetheJDBCAPI,
anddatabasevendorsandtoolprovidersusetheJDBCDriverAPI.
MySQL-connector-java-5.0.5-bin.jar
├─com
│└─mysql
│└─jdbc
││AssertionFailedException.class
││Blob.class
││BlobFromLocator$LocatorInputStream.class
││BlobFromLocator.class
││Buffer.class
││CachedResultSetMetaData.class
││CallableStatement$CallableStatementParam.class
││CallableStatement$CallableStatementParamInfo.class
││CallableStatement$CallableStatementParamInfoJDBC3.class
││CallableStatement.class
││CharsetMapping.class
││Charsets.properties
││Clob.class
││CommunicationsException.class
││CompressedInputStream.class
││Connection$1.class
││Connection$CompoundCacheKey.class
││Connection$UltraDevWorkAround.class
││Connection.class
││ConnectionFeatureNotAvailableException.class
││ConnectionProperties$1.class
││ConnectionProperties$BooleanConnectionProperty.class
││ConnectionProperties$ConnectionProperty.class
││ConnectionProperties$IntegerConnectionProperty.class
││ConnectionProperties$MemorySizeConnectionProperty.class
││ConnectionProperties$StringConnectionProperty.class
││ConnectionProperties.class
││ConnectionPropertiesTransform.class
││Constants.class
││CursorRowProvider.class
││DatabaseMetaData$1.class
││DatabaseMetaData$2.class
││DatabaseMetaData$3.class
││DatabaseMetaData$4.class
││DatabaseMetaData$5.class
││DatabaseMetaData$6.class
││DatabaseMetaData$7.class
││DatabaseMetaData$8.class
││DatabaseMetaData$9.class
││DatabaseMetaData$IterateBlock.class
││DatabaseMetaData$IteratorWithCleanup.class
││DatabaseMetaData$LocalAndReferencedColumns.class
││DatabaseMetaData$ResultSetIterator.class
││DatabaseMetaData$SingleStringIterator.class
││DatabaseMetaData$TypeDescriptor.class
││DatabaseMetaData.class
││DatabaseMetaDataUsingInfoSchema.class
││DocsConnectionPropsHelper.class
││Driver.class
││EscapeProcessor.class
││EscapeProcessorResult.class
││EscapeTokenizer.class
││ExportControlled.class
││Field.class
││LicenseConfiguration.class
││LocalizedErrorMessages.properties
││Messages.class
││MiniAdmin.class
││MysqlDataTruncation.class
││MysqlDefs.class
││MysqlErrorNumbers.class
││MysqlIO.class
││MysqlParameterMetadata.class
││MysqlSavepoint.class
││NamedPipeSocketFactory$NamedPipeSocket.class
││NamedPipeSocketFactory$RandomAccessFileInputStream.class
││NamedPipeSocketFactory$RandomAccessFileOutputStream.class
││NamedPipeSocketFactory.class
││NonRegisteringDriver.class
││NonRegisteringReplicationDriver.class
││NotImplemented.class
││NotUpdatable.class
││OperationNotSupportedException.class
││OutputStreamWatcher.class
││PacketTooBigException.class
││PreparedStatement$BatchParams.class
││PreparedStatement$EndPoint.class
││PreparedStatement$ParseInfo.class
││PreparedStatement.class
││ReplicationConnection.class
││ReplicationDriver.class
││ResultSet.class
││ResultSetMetaData.class
││RowData.class
││RowDataDynamic$OperationNotSupportedException.class
││RowDataDynamic.class
││RowDataStatic.class
││Security.class
││ServerPreparedStatement$BatchedBindValues.class
││ServerPreparedStatement$BindValue.class
││ServerPreparedStatement.class
││SingleByteCharsetConverter.class
││SocketFactory.class
││SQLError.class
││StandardSocketFactory.class
││Statement$1.class
││Statement$CancelTask.class
││Statement.class
││StringUtils.class
││TimeUtil.class
││UpdatableResultSet.class
││Util$RandStructcture.class
││Util.class
││VersionedStringProperty.class
││WatchableOutputStream.class
││WatchableWriter.class
││WriterWatcher.class
││
│├─configs
││3-0-Compat.properties
││clusterBase.properties
││fullDebug.properties
││maxPerformance.properties
││solarisMaxPerformance.properties
│├─exceptions
││MySQLDataException.class
││MySQLIntegrityConstraintViolationException.class
││MySQLInvalidAuthorizationSpecException.class
││MySQLNonTransientConnectionException.class
││MySQLNonTransientException.class
││MySQLSyntaxErrorException.class
││MySQLTimeoutException.class
││MySQLTransactionRollbackException.class
││MySQLTransientConnectionException.class
││MySQLTransientException.class
│├─integration
││├─c3p0
│││MysqlConnectionTester.class
│││
││└─jboss
││ExtendedMysqlExceptionSorter.class
││MysqlValidConnectionChecker.class
│├─jdbc2
││└─optional
││CallableStatementWrapper.class
││ConnectionWrapper.class
││MysqlConnectionPoolDataSource.class
││MysqlDataSource.class
││MysqlDataSourceFactory.class
││MysqlPooledConnection.class
││MysqlXAConnection.class
││MysqlXADataSource.class
││MysqlXAException.class
││MysqlXid.class
││PreparedStatementWrapper.class
││StatementWrapper.class
││SuspendableXAConnection.class
││WrapperBase.class
│├─log
││CommonsLogger.class
││Jdk14Logger.class
││Log.class
││Log4JLogger.class
││LogFactory.class
││LogUtils.class
││NullLogger.class
││StandardLogger.class
│├─profiler
││ProfileEventSink.class
││ProfilerEvent.class
│└─util
│BaseBugReport.class
│ErrorMappingsDocGenerator.class
│LRUCache.class
│PropertiesDocGenerator.class
│ReadAheadInputStream.class
│ResultSetUtil.class
│ServerController.class
│TimezoneDump.class
│VersionFSHierarchyMaker.class
│
├─META-INF
│INDEX.LIST
│MANIFEST.MF
└─org
└─gjt
└─mm
└─mysql
Driver.class
ThisorganizationfollowstheverysuccessfulmodelofMicrosoft'
sODBC,whichprovidedaCprogramminglanguageinterfacefordatabaseaccess.BothJDBCandODBCarebasedonthesameidea:
根据API编写的程序，都可以与DriverManager通信，而DriverManager则通过驱动程序与数据库通信。
ProgramswrittenaccordingtotheAPItalktothedrivermanager,which,inturn,usesthedriversthatarepluggedintoittotalktotheactualdatabase.
java.sql
类DriverManager
java.lang.Object
java.sql.DriverManager
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
publicclassDriverManagerextendsObject
管理一组JDBC驱动程序的基本服务。
注：
DataSource接口是JDBC2.0API中的新增内容，它提供了连接到数据源的另一种方法。
使用DataSource对象是连接到数据源的首选方法。
作为初始化的一部分，DriverManager类会尝试加载在"
jdbc.drivers"
系统属性中引用的驱动程序类。
这允许用户定制由他们的应用程序使用的JDBCDriver。
例如，在~/.hotjava/properties文件中，用户可以指定：
jdbc.drivers=foo.bah.Driver:
wombat.sql.Driver:
bad.taste.ourDriver
DriverManager类的方法getConnection和getDrivers已经得到提高以支持JavaStandardEditionServiceProvider机制。
JDBC4.0Drivers必须包括META-INF/services/java.sql.Driver文件。
此文件包含java.sql.Driver的JDBC驱动程序实现的名称。
例如，要加载my.sql.Driver类，META-INF/services/java.sql.Driver文件需要包含下面的条目：
my.sql.Driver
应用程序不再需要使用Class.forName（）显式地加载JDBC驱动程序。
当前使用Class.forName（）加载JDBC驱动程序的现有程序将在不作修改的情况下继续工作。
在调用getConnection方法时，DriverManager会试着从初始化时加载的那些驱动程序以及使用与当前applet或应用程序相同的类加载器显式加载的那些驱动程序中查找合适的驱动程序。
从Java2SDK标准版本1.3版开始，只有当已授予适当权限时设置日志流。
通常这将使用工具PolicyTool完成，该工具可用于授予permissionjava.sql.SQLPermission"
setLog"
权限。
另请参见：
Driver,Connection
--------------------------------------------------------------
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