人教版高中英语选修八unit3 Inventors and inventionsdocxWord格式文档下载.docx

人教版高中英语选修八unit3 Inventors and inventionsdocxWord格式文档下载.docx

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Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

Today,bicyclesareelegantlysimplemachinesthatarecommonaroundtheworld.Manypeopleridebicyclesforrecreation,whereasothersusethemasameansoftransportation.ThefirstbicyclewasinventedinGermanyin1818.Becauseitwasmadeofwood,itwasn’tverystrongnordidithavepedals（脚踏板）.Ridersmoveditbypushingtheirfeetagainsttheground.

In1839,KirkpatrickMacmillan,aScottishblacksmith,inventedamuchbetterbicycle.Macmillan’smachinehadironcoveredwheelstokeepthemfromgettingworndown.Healsousedfootoperatedlevers,similartopedals,sohisbicyclecouldberiddenataquickpace.Itdidn’tlookmuchlikethemodernbicycle,though,becauseitsbackwheelwassubstantiallylargerthanitsfrontwheel.AlthoughMacmillan’sbicyclescouldberiddeneasily,theywereneverproducedinlargenumbers.

In1861,FrenchmanPierreMichauxandhisbrotherErnestinventedabicyclewithanimprovedpedalmechanism.TheycalledtheirbicycleaVELOCIPEDE,butmostpeoplecalledita“boneshaker”becauseoftheeffectofthewoodandironframe.Despitetheimpolitenickname,theVELOCIPEDEwasahit.Afterafewyears,theMichauxfamilywasmakinghundredsofthemachinesannually,mostlyforfunseekingyoungpeople.

Tenyearslater,JamesStarley,anEnglishinventor,madeseveralinnovationsthatrevolutionizedbicycledesign.Hemadethefrontwheelmanytimeslargerthanthebackwheel,putagearonthepedalstomakethebicyclemoreefficient，andlightenedthewheelsbyusingwirespokes.Althoughthisbicyclewasmuchlighterandlesstiringtoride,itwasstillclumsy,extremelytopheavy,andriddenmostlyforentertainment.

Itwasn’tuntil1874thatthefirsttrulymodernbicycleappearedonthescene.InventedbyanotherEnglishman,H.J.Lawson,thesafetybicyclewouldlookfamiliartotoday’scyclists.Thesafetybicyclehadequalsizedwheels,whichmadeiteasiertoride.Lawsonalsoattachedachaintothepedalstodrivethebackwheel.By1893,thesafetybicyclehadbeenfurtherimprovedwithairfilledrubbertires,adiamondshapedframe,andeasybraking.WiththeimprovementsprovidedbyLawson;

bicyclesbecameextremelypopularandusefulfortransportation.Today,theyarebuilt,used,andenjoyedallovertheworld.

1．Thispassagewasmostlikelywritteninorderto________.

A．comparebicyclesusedfordifferentpurposes

B．describetheproblemsearlybicyclemakersexperienced

C．persuadereaderstousebicyclesfortransportation

D．tellreadersabouttheearlyhistoryofthebicycle

解析：

选D　推理判断题。

通观全文，第一辆自行车是于1818年在德国被发明的——1839年KirkpatrickMacmillan发明了一辆更好的自行车——1861年法国人PierreMichaux和他的兄弟Ernest发明了一辆改进了脚踏板机械装置的自行车——两年后JamesStarley做出了一些革新，彻底改变了自行车的设计——1874年真正的现代自行车出现了——1893年安全脚踏车被进一步改进——今天，自行车在全世界被制造、运用和喜爱。

这讲的是自行车的发展史。

2．WhichofthefollowingbicycletypeswasinventedbyJamesStarley?

选B　细节理解题。

第四段“Hemadethefrontwheelmanytimeslargerthanthebackwheel,...”JamesStarley制造的前车轮比后车轮大好几倍。

和图片B相符。

3．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A．Twohundredyearsago,bicyclesdidnotexist.

B．Thefirstbicyclecouldberiddenataveryquickpace.

C．TheMichauxbrotherscalledtheirbicyclea“boneshaker”．

D．Macmillan’smachinehadwheelswithrubbertires.

选A　推理判断题。

第一段“ThefirstbicyclewasinventedinGermanyin1818.”第一辆自行车是在1814年被发明的，而200年前是1814年，所以那时自行车还不存在。

故选A。

4．Theinformationaboutbicyclesinthispassageisarrangedaccordingto________.

A．importanceB．time

C．placeD．interest

本文讲的是自行车的发展史，是逐段按时间排列出这些信息的。

故选B。

B

AudreyHepburn（奥黛丽·

赫本）wonanAcademyAwardasBestActressforherfirstmajorAmericanmovie,RomanHoliday,whichwasreleasedin1953.Butsheisrememberedasmuchforheraidworkasforheracting.

BorninBelgiumin1929,Audrey’sfatherwasBritishandhermotherwasDutch.AudreywassenttoliveataBritishschoolforpartofherchildhood.DuringWorldWarⅡ，shelivedandstudiedintheNetherlands.HermotherthoughtitwouldbesafefromGermanattacks.Audreystudieddanceasateenagerandduringcollege.ButwhenshereturnedtoLondonafterthewarsherealizedshewasn’tgoingtobeaballerina（芭蕾舞女演员）.Soshebegantakingactingpartsinstageshows.Latershebegantogetsmallpartsinmovies.

ButitwasAudreyHepburn’smovetoAmericathatbroughthertruefame.In1951sheplayedthecharacter“Gigi”intheBroadwayplayofthesamenametogreatcriticalpraise.Twoyearslater,RomanHolidaymadeherastarattheageof24.

Audreymademorethan25movies.AmonghermostpopularroleswasHoollyGolinghtlyinBreakfastatTiffany’sin1961.ThreeyearslatersheplayedElizaDoolittleinMyFairLady.

Shewasmarriedtwotimesandhadonechildbyeachhusband.In1989,theUNChildren’sFundnamedAud