人教版高中英语选修八unit3 Inventors and inventionsdocxWord格式文档下载.docx
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Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Today,bicyclesareelegantlysimplemachinesthatarecommonaroundtheworld.Manypeopleridebicyclesforrecreation,whereasothersusethemasameansoftransportation.ThefirstbicyclewasinventedinGermanyin1818.Becauseitwasmadeofwood,itwasn’tverystrongnordidithavepedals(脚踏板).Ridersmoveditbypushingtheirfeetagainsttheground.
In1839,KirkpatrickMacmillan,aScottishblacksmith,inventedamuchbetterbicycle.Macmillan’smachinehadironcoveredwheelstokeepthemfromgettingworndown.Healsousedfootoperatedlevers,similartopedals,sohisbicyclecouldberiddenataquickpace.Itdidn’tlookmuchlikethemodernbicycle,though,becauseitsbackwheelwassubstantiallylargerthanitsfrontwheel.AlthoughMacmillan’sbicyclescouldberiddeneasily,theywereneverproducedinlargenumbers.
In1861,FrenchmanPierreMichauxandhisbrotherErnestinventedabicyclewithanimprovedpedalmechanism.TheycalledtheirbicycleaVELOCIPEDE,butmostpeoplecalledita“boneshaker”becauseoftheeffectofthewoodandironframe.Despitetheimpolitenickname,theVELOCIPEDEwasahit.Afterafewyears,theMichauxfamilywasmakinghundredsofthemachinesannually,mostlyforfunseekingyoungpeople.
Tenyearslater,JamesStarley,anEnglishinventor,madeseveralinnovationsthatrevolutionizedbicycledesign.Hemadethefrontwheelmanytimeslargerthanthebackwheel,putagearonthepedalstomakethebicyclemoreefficient,andlightenedthewheelsbyusingwirespokes.Althoughthisbicyclewasmuchlighterandlesstiringtoride,itwasstillclumsy,extremelytopheavy,andriddenmostlyforentertainment.
Itwasn’tuntil1874thatthefirsttrulymodernbicycleappearedonthescene.InventedbyanotherEnglishman,H.J.Lawson,thesafetybicyclewouldlookfamiliartotoday’scyclists.Thesafetybicyclehadequalsizedwheels,whichmadeiteasiertoride.Lawsonalsoattachedachaintothepedalstodrivethebackwheel.By1893,thesafetybicyclehadbeenfurtherimprovedwithairfilledrubbertires,adiamondshapedframe,andeasybraking.WiththeimprovementsprovidedbyLawson;
bicyclesbecameextremelypopularandusefulfortransportation.Today,theyarebuilt,used,andenjoyedallovertheworld.
1.Thispassagewasmostlikelywritteninorderto________.
A.comparebicyclesusedfordifferentpurposes
B.describetheproblemsearlybicyclemakersexperienced
C.persuadereaderstousebicyclesfortransportation
D.tellreadersabouttheearlyhistoryofthebicycle
解析:
选D 推理判断题。
通观全文,第一辆自行车是于1818年在德国被发明的——1839年KirkpatrickMacmillan发明了一辆更好的自行车——1861年法国人PierreMichaux和他的兄弟Ernest发明了一辆改进了脚踏板机械装置的自行车——两年后JamesStarley做出了一些革新,彻底改变了自行车的设计——1874年真正的现代自行车出现了——1893年安全脚踏车被进一步改进——今天,自行车在全世界被制造、运用和喜爱。
这讲的是自行车的发展史。
2.WhichofthefollowingbicycletypeswasinventedbyJamesStarley?
选B 细节理解题。
第四段“Hemadethefrontwheelmanytimeslargerthanthebackwheel,...”JamesStarley制造的前车轮比后车轮大好几倍。
和图片B相符。
3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?
A.Twohundredyearsago,bicyclesdidnotexist.
B.Thefirstbicyclecouldberiddenataveryquickpace.
C.TheMichauxbrotherscalledtheirbicyclea“boneshaker”.
D.Macmillan’smachinehadwheelswithrubbertires.
选A 推理判断题。
第一段“ThefirstbicyclewasinventedinGermanyin1818.”第一辆自行车是在1814年被发明的,而200年前是1814年,所以那时自行车还不存在。
故选A。
4.Theinformationaboutbicyclesinthispassageisarrangedaccordingto________.
A.importanceB.time
C.placeD.interest
本文讲的是自行车的发展史,是逐段按时间排列出这些信息的。
故选B。
B
AudreyHepburn(奥黛丽·
赫本)wonanAcademyAwardasBestActressforherfirstmajorAmericanmovie,RomanHoliday,whichwasreleasedin1953.Butsheisrememberedasmuchforheraidworkasforheracting.
BorninBelgiumin1929,Audrey’sfatherwasBritishandhermotherwasDutch.AudreywassenttoliveataBritishschoolforpartofherchildhood.DuringWorldWarⅡ,shelivedandstudiedintheNetherlands.HermotherthoughtitwouldbesafefromGermanattacks.Audreystudieddanceasateenagerandduringcollege.ButwhenshereturnedtoLondonafterthewarsherealizedshewasn’tgoingtobeaballerina(芭蕾舞女演员).Soshebegantakingactingpartsinstageshows.Latershebegantogetsmallpartsinmovies.
ButitwasAudreyHepburn’smovetoAmericathatbroughthertruefame.In1951sheplayedthecharacter“Gigi”intheBroadwayplayofthesamenametogreatcriticalpraise.Twoyearslater,RomanHolidaymadeherastarattheageof24.
Audreymademorethan25movies.AmonghermostpopularroleswasHoollyGolinghtlyinBreakfastatTiffany’sin1961.ThreeyearslatersheplayedElizaDoolittleinMyFairLady.
Shewasmarriedtwotimesandhadonechildbyeachhusband.In1989,theUNChildren’sFundnamedAud