外文翻译压缩机泵制冷工程大学论文Word下载.docx

外文翻译压缩机泵制冷工程大学论文Word下载.docx

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REFRIGERATIONENGINEERING

UPDATINGPISTONPUMPSFOROIL

PRODUCTION

B.S.Zakharov,1G.N.Sharikov,2

andE.G.Kormishin2

Thethree-plungeracidtreatmentpumpSIN32andthetwo-cylinderdouble-actingpumpNPTs-32withfourworkingchambers（forcementingunits）havebeenupdatedtocontrolpumpdelivery.Thefluiddeliverydiagramsforpumpsofvariousdesignsareexaminedandthetestresultsarereported.

Indrillingandoilproduction,single-actingthree-plunger（triplex）pumpsordouble-actingtwo-cylinder（duplex）pumpsareused.

Ininjectingreagents（claydrillingmud,water,cement,acid,etc.）intowells,dependingonthetechnologyapplied，itisrequiredtoinjectthefluidinamountsrangingfromthemaximumtotheminimuminasingleoperation.Ifthebedacceptstheinjectedfluidwell,itbecomesnecessarytomaximizepumpdeliveryforquickcompletionoftheoperation.Ifontheotherhand,thebeddoesnotacceptthefluidwell,itbecomesnecessarytoreducepumpdeliverysoastorestricttheinjectionpressuretothesafelimit.Atpresent,becauseofwearofwell（down-hole）equipment,thepermissibleinjection

pressureisnothigherthan10–15MPa..

Thedeliveryofapiston（reciprocating）oraplunger（displacement）typeofpumpcanbecontrolledinthefollowingways:

•byinstallingseveralpumpswithidenticalordifferentpumpingcapacities;

•bychangingthedriverotationspeed;

•byusingcylinders（plungers）oftherequiredsize;

•bychannelingapartofthefluidintoabypass;

and

•bydismountingoneorseveralvalves.

Thefirstversionisusedessentiallyindrilling.Inoilproduction,generallyallversionsareusedeitherindividuallyorinsomecombination.

Allpumpingunitsdesignedforinjectionofvariousfluids（fluidalmaterials）forcementing,hydraulicformationfracturing,hydraulicsand-jetflushingofsandbridges,andotherflushingoperationsinoilandgaswellsaremountedonthechassisofmotorvehicles（trucks）,tractors,caterpillar（tracked）carriers,andspeciallymadecarriages.

Theoperatingparametersofthepumps（deliveryandinjectionpressure）dependonthepowerofthedriveandmaximumandminimumspeedoftheengineandthepump.Thepumpdeliverycanbechangedbychangingthenumberofpumpstrokeswithoutstoppingtheenginewiththehelpofagearbox（bygearshifting）andwithstoppingoftheenginebyinstallingcylindersoftherequiredsize.Replacementofthecylinderstakesalotoftimeandisnotalwayspossibleinacontinuousechnologicalprocess.Intheexistingpumpingplants,thedeliveryvariationrangeisinadequate.Attheminimumrotationspeedandcylinderdiameter,thedeliveryremainsextremelyhigh,andforinjectingthefluidintothebedthepressurehastoberaisedabovewhatispermissible.

AssignedbyNGDUZainskneft’,É

kogermetcarriedoutupdatingoftwotypesofpumps,namely,SIN32andNPTs-32.

Inthethree-plunger（triplex）acidtreatmentpumpSIN32,forreducingtheminimumdeliverydownto1.0m3/h,plungershavingadiameterof125mmwerereplacedwithplungershavingadiameterof55mm.Asaresult,thetheoreticalpumpdeliverywasreducedfrom16downto3.3m3/h.Furtherreductionofthepumpdeliverywasachievedbyreducingtherotationspeedofthevehicleenginetothepossibleminimum（500–600rpm）.

Simultaneouslywiththis,anewdesignofpackingglands（sealingdevices）ofplungersoftheUPN55typewasdeveloped.ItwasbasedonZakharovmechanicalseal[1],whichdemonstratedhighreliabilityanddurabilityinsucker-rod（oil）pumps.Thesealingunitsandthepistonswithadiameterof55mmweremadefortheSIN32pumpbyÉ

LKAMneftemashinPerm.ItsfinishingandtestingweredonebyÉ

kogermetjointlywithNGDUZainskneft’.

ThedesignoftheUPN55-typeplungersealisshowninFig.1.Thecombinedsealconsistsofthemainthreestagemechanicalseal4andanelasticsealingcollar2.Eachstageofthemechanicalsealconsistsoftenringsthatareelasticallypressedagainsteachotherandsimultaneouslyagainsttheplungersurface.Theringsarepressedagainstthe

plungerinpairsfromtheoppositesides.Thenextpairisturnedrelativetotheprecedingoneby90º

.Theringsarepressedintheaxialdirectionbyrubberringsofroundcrosssectionandintheradialdirection,byrubbergirdleswitheccentriccollars.Theplunger5ismadeofsteel45andischromium-platedandthesealingringsareofbronze.Three

cartridgeswithmechanicalsealswereinstalledinthehousingbore3withaclearancethathelpsself-centeringofthesealsrelativetotheplunger.Thecartridgesarepressedtogetherbyaroundnut1throughabushingwiththesealingcollar2.Thereareholesinthehousingforinjectingoilanddrainingouttheoverflowintothereceiving