基于51单片机信号发生器的设计外文翻译大学论文Word格式.docx
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题目TheSCMandμVision2
所在系电气与信息工程系
学生姓名冉乾乾
专业电子信息工程
班级电信002学号10010085
指导教师金印彬
2014年5月
TheSCMandµ
Vision2
一、PrincipleofMCU
Single-chipisanintegratedonasinglechipacompletecomputersystem.Eventhoughmostofhisfeaturesinasmallchip,butithasaneedtocompletethemajorityofcomputercomponents:
CPU,memory,internalandexternalbussystem,mostwillhavetheCore.Atthesametime,suchasintegratedcommunicationinterfaces,timers,real-timeclockandotherperipheralequipment.Andnowthemostpowerfulsingle-chipmicrocomputersystemcanevenvoice,image,networking,inputandoutputcomplexsystemintegrationonasinglechip.
Alsoknownassingle-chipMCU(Microcontroller),becauseitwasfirstusedinthefieldofindustrialcontrol.Onlybythesingle-chipCPUchipdevelopedfromthededicatedprocessor.ThedesignconceptisthefirstbyalargenumberofperipheralsandCPUinasinglechip,thecomputersystemsothatsmaller,moreeasilyintegratedintothecomplexanddemandingonthevolumecontroldevices.INTELtheZ80isoneofthefirstdesigninaccordancewiththeideaoftheprocessor,Fromthenon,theMCUandthedevelopmentofadedicatedprocessorpartedways.
Earlysingle-chip8-bitorallofthefour.OneofthemostsuccessfulisINTEL'
s8031,becausetheperformanceofasimpleandreliableaccesstoalotofgoodpraise.Sincethenin8031todevelopasingle-chipmicrocomputersystemMCS51series.Basedonsingle-chipmicrocomputersystemofthesystemisstillwidelyuseduntilnow.Asthefieldofindustrialcontrolrequirementsincreaseinthebeginningofa16-bitsingle-chip,butnotidealbecausethepricehasnotbeenverywidelyused.Afterthe90'
swiththebigconsumerelectronicsproductdevelopment,single-chiptechnologyisahugeimprovement.INTELi960SerieswithsubsequentARMinparticular,abroadrangeofapplications,quicklyreplacedby32-bitsingle-chip16-bitsingle-chiphigh-endstatus,andenterthemainstreammarket.Traditional8-bitsingle-chipperformancehasbeentherapidincreaseinprocessingpowercomparedtothe80'
storaiseafewhundredtimes.Atpresent,thehigh-end32-bitsingle-chipfrequencyover300MHz,theperformanceofthemid-90'
scloseontheheelsofaspecialprocessor,whiletheordinarypriceofthemodeldroppedtooneU.S.dollars,themosthigh-endmodels,only10U.S.dollars.Contemporarysingle-chipmicrocomputersystemisnolongeronlythebare-metalenvironmentinthedevelopmentanduseofalargenumberofdedicatedembeddedoperatingsystemiswidelyusedinthefullrangeofsingle-chipmicrocomputer.InPDAsandcellphonesasthecoreprocessingofhigh-endsingle-chiporevenadedicateddirectaccesstoWindowsandLinuxoperatingsystems.
Morethanadedicatedsingle-chipprocessorsuitableforembeddedsystems,soitwasuptotheapplication.Infactthenumberofsingle-chipistheworld'
slargestcomputer.Modernhumanlifeusedinalmosteverypieceofelectronicandmechanicalproductswillhaveasingle-chipintegration.Phone,telephone,calculator,homeappliances,electronictoys,handheldcomputersandcomputeraccessoriessuchasamouseintheDepartmentareequippedwith1-2singlechip.Andpersonalcomputersalsohavealargenumberofsingle-chipmicrocomputerintheworkplace.Vehiclesequippedwithmorethan40Departmentofthegeneralsingle-chip,complexindustrialcontrolsystemsandevensingle-chipmayhavehundredsofworkatthesametime!
SCMisnotonlyfarexceedsthenumberofPCandotherintegratedcomputing,evenmorethanthenumberofhumanbeings.
Hardwaveintroduction
The8051familyofmicrocontrollersisbasedonanarchitecturewhichishighlyoptimizedforembeddedcontrolsystems.ItisusedinawidevarietyofapplicationsfrommilitaryequipmenttoautomobilestothekeyboardonyourPC.SecondonlytotheMotorola68HC11ineightbitprocessorssales,the8051familyofmicrocontrollersisavailableinawidearrayofvariationsfrommanufacturerssuchasIntel,Philips,andSiemens.Thesemanufacturershaveaddednumerousfeaturesandperipheralstothe8051suchasI2Cinterfaces,analogtodigitalconverters,watchdogtimers,andpulsewidthmodulatedoutputs.Variationsofthe8051withclockspeedsupto40MHzandvoltagerequirementsdownto1.5voltsareavailable.Thiswiderangeofpartsbasedononecoremakesthe8051familyanexcellentchoiceasthebasearchitectureforacompany'
sentirelineofproductssinceitcanperformmanyfunctionsanddeveloperswillonlyhavetolearnthisoneplatform.
Thebasicarchitectureconsistsofthefollowingfeatures:
•aneightbitALU
•32descreteI/Opins(4groupsof8)whichcanbeindividuallyaccessed
•two16bittimer/counters
•fullduplexUART
•6interruptsources